Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita

Cilt: 43 Sayı: 3 12 Temmuz 2026
  • Iqra Akram
  • Hasnain Akmal
  • Shahroz Maqsud
  • Shabbir Ahmad *
  • Khurram Shahzad
  • Muhammad Saleem Khan
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Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita

Öz

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of phenol on the haematology, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of Labeo rohita in the laboratory conditions.  Three groups were maintained as control, low dose (0.30 mg/L) and high dose (0.40 mg /L). The results after 28 days exposure to phenols showed changes in hematological parameters as RBCs, WBC, PLT, HGB, MCH, MCHC, RDW and PCT significant decrease and HCT, MCV, RDW-SD, MPV, and PDW significant decrease as compared with control group. Similarly, phenol exposure showed significant alterations in biochemical parameters as decrease the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, blood glucose, total protein, TSH, albumin and globulin while increase the level of ALT, AST, T3, T4, urea and creatinine. Histological observations showed the damage caused by phenol in kidney tissues was sinusoidal spaces, elongated tubules, cluster nuclei formation, damages parenchyma and melano-macrophages. Histology of liver showed pyknotic nuclei formation, eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vacuolation and necrosis. In gills, curved gills lamellae, oedema, lamellar aneurysm, lamellar disorganization, bone cell deformities and hyperplasia of epithelial cells were observed. Histology of muscles also showed pigmented cells around blood cells, necrosis, intermyofibrillar, oedema and atrophy in muscle tissues. The overall results showed that phenols are highly toxic to aquatic species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any kind of financial support.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was taken from the University of Okara ‘s Ethical Committee for the current research work (Reference no. UO/ETH/2025/misc.).

Kaynakça

  1. Afandi, S., Sri, A., Happy, N., Djumbuh, R., Goreti, E.M., Mugi, M., Sri, B., Erni, M., Sinung, R., & Guntur, P. (2019). The effect of organic and inorganic phenolic compounds on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and cortisol hormone of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 96(12), 77-81.
  2. Agri farming. (2018). Rohu fish farming project report. https://www.agrifarming.in/rohu-fish-farming-project-report-economics-of-rohu
  3. Ahmad, I., Ahmad, S., Akmal, H., & Shahzad, K. (2024). Histological effects of sodium metabisulfite exposure on the gills, kidneys, and liver of the Labeo rohita. RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.37962/jbas.v15i1.640
  4. Ahmad, S., Akmal, H., Jabeen, F., & Ahmad, M.K. (2024a). Assessing the impact of the environmental stressor (Bisphenol A) on Labeo rohita: insights into histological alterations, genotoxic effects, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 13, 21. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20240221173220
  5. Ahmad, S., Akmal, H., Jabeen, F., & Shahzad, K. (2025). Exposure to bisphenol S induces organ toxicity by disrupting oxidative and antioxidant defense system and blood physiology in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 51(2), 1 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01467-1
  6. Ahmad, S., Akmal, H., & Shahzad, K. (2024b). Assessing the Impact of xenobiotic (Bisphenol A) on blood physiology and biochemical alterations using Labeo Rohita fish as a model organism: Impact of Bisphenol A on blood physiology in Labeo Rohita. Futuristic Biotechnology, 4(2), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.54393/fbt.v4i02.122
  7. Ahmad, S., Akmal, H., Shahzad, K., Ahmad Khan, M.K., & Jabeen, F. (2024c). Evaluating the Toxicity Induced by Bisphenol F in Labeo rohita Fish Using Multiple Biomarker Approach. Scientifica, 2024(1), 8646751. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8646751
  8. Akmal, H., Ahmad, S., Abbasi, M.H., Jabeen, F., & Shahzad, K. (2024). A study on assessing the toxic effects of ethyl paraben on rohu (Labeo rohita) using different biomarkers; hemato-biochemical assays, histology, oxidant and antioxidant activity and genotoxicity. PloS one, 19(5), e0302691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302691

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tatlı Su Ekolojisi, Ekoloji (Diğer), Balık Biyolojisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Iqra Akram
0009-0006-6757-1854
Pakistan

Hasnain Akmal
0000-0002-1908-2590
Pakistan

Shahroz Maqsud
0000-0003-3360-0443
Pakistan

Khurram Shahzad
0000-0001-9152-3736
Pakistan

Muhammad Saleem Khan
0000-0003-2653-402X
Pakistan

Yayımlanma Tarihi

12 Temmuz 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

2 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Akram, I., Akmal, H., Maqsud, S., Ahmad, S., Shahzad, K., & Khan, M. S. (2026). Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(3), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08
AMA
1.Akram I, Akmal H, Maqsud S, Ahmad S, Shahzad K, Khan MS. Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita. EgeJFAS. 2026;43(3):251-258. doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08
Chicago
Akram, Iqra, Hasnain Akmal, Shahroz Maqsud, Shabbir Ahmad, Khurram Shahzad, ve Muhammad Saleem Khan. 2026. “Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 (3): 251-58. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08.
EndNote
Akram I, Akmal H, Maqsud S, Ahmad S, Shahzad K, Khan MS (01 Temmuz 2026) Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 3 251–258.
IEEE
[1]I. Akram, H. Akmal, S. Maqsud, S. Ahmad, K. Shahzad, ve M. S. Khan, “Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita”, EgeJFAS, c. 43, sy 3, ss. 251–258, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08.
ISNAD
Akram, Iqra - Akmal, Hasnain - Maqsud, Shahroz - Ahmad, Shabbir - Shahzad, Khurram - Khan, Muhammad Saleem. “Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43/3 (01 Temmuz 2026): 251-258. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08.
JAMA
1.Akram I, Akmal H, Maqsud S, Ahmad S, Shahzad K, Khan MS. Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita. EgeJFAS. 2026;43:251–258.
MLA
Akram, Iqra, vd. “Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 43, sy 3, Temmuz 2026, ss. 251-8, doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08.
Vancouver
1.Iqra Akram, Hasnain Akmal, Shahroz Maqsud, Shabbir Ahmad, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Saleem Khan. Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita. EgeJFAS. 01 Temmuz 2026;43(3):251-8. doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.3.08