Araştırma Makalesi

Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data

Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4 26 Ekim 2026
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Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data

Öz

TroPhish investigated how well freshwater fish feeding data could be integrated with Fish-base's species, ecology, diet, and nutrient component tables. It also explored how open datasets downloaded from Fish-base could be used to model fish feeding groups, feeding diversity, and trophic levels. For the analyses, 54,750 raw feeding records and 4,571 sample-level specified "fish ID" units were used as the basis. Fish-base matching was successfully completed for 88.6% of samples and 84.2% of species. This research led to the addition of "SpecCode" and "FamCode" to 4,051 samples, feeding-based trophic levels to 3,280 samples, and nutrient data to 3,440 samples for analysis. In the "Species Group K-Fold" validation, the Random Forest model was applied and enhanced with Fish-base datasets. In the feeding group classification, the trophic identification scenario achieved 0.515% accuracy, 0.397% balanced accuracy, and a 0.390% macro F1 score. In the training data, the model's generalizability to uncharacterized families was poor. The low performance in the "Family Code Group K-Fold" validation of the same scenario is evidenced by this. While the relational power of the feeding breadth regression was found to be limited (maximum R² = 0.092), the trophic level regression based on fish-based data yielded realistic findings in the taxon-trait scenario (R² = 0.403). The results suggest that the misleading signal related to fish feeding habitat is amplified by the inclusion of TroPhish and fish- based data. Model outputs are not an automated feeding classification system that produces definitive results. They should be considered as descriptive findings generated from research-driven modeling and publicly available data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The author received no external funding for this study.

Etik Beyan

This study utilised only publicly available secondary ecological data sources. The study did not require approval from an ethics committee, as it did not include human participants, personal data or any animal experiments carried out by the author.

Kaynakça

  1. Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2026). FishBase (Version 02/2026) [Database]. https://www.fishbase.org
  2. Keppeler, F.W., Giarrizzo, T., Montaña, C.G., Adite, A., Akın, Ş., Angelini, R., Arantes, C.C., Benedito, E., Bokhutlo, T., El-Sabaawi, R., Garcia, A., Gonzalez-Bergonzoni, I., Hoeinghaus, D., Hoffman, J., Jensen, O.P., Jeppesen, E., Kopf, R.K., Layman, C.A., Lopez, E.O., … Winemiller, K. O. (2025). What determines trophic niche breadth? A global analysis of freshwater fishes using isospaces. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 36(1), 1–30. Article 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-025-10023-2
  3. Keppeler, F.W., Montaña, C.G., & Winemiller, K.O. (2020). The relationship between trophic level and body size in fishes depends on functional traits. Ecological Monographs, 90(4), e01415. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1415
  4. Lozano-Fernandez, J. (2022). A practical guide to design and assess a phylogenomic study. Genome Biology and Evolution, 14(9), evac129. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac129
  5. Lundberg, S.M., Erion, G., Chen, H., DeGrave, A., Prutkin, J.M., Nair, B., Katz, R., Himmelfarb, J., Bansal, N., & Lee, S.-I. (2020). From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0138-9
  6. Morey, K.C., Myler, E., Hanner, R., & Tetreault, G. (2024). Taxonomic blind spots: A limitation of environmental DNA metabarcoding-based detection for Canadian freshwater fishes. Environmental DNA, 6(6), e70054. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70054
  7. Olden, J.D., Keppeler, F.W., Jardine, T.D., Boulêtreau, S., Harrod, C., Jackson, M.C., McIntosh, A.R., Perga, M.-E., South, J., Tedesco, P.A., Vagnon, C., & Cucherousset, J. (2025). Looks can be deceiving: Morphological traits are weakly associated with the isotopic niches of freshwater fishes. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 34(9), e70124. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70124
  8. Parravicini, V., Casey, J.M., Schiettekatte, N.M.D., Brandl, S.J., Pozas-Schacre, C., Carlot, J., Edgar, G.J., Graham, N.A.J., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Kulbicki, M., Strona, G., & Stuart-Smith, R.D. (2020). Delineating reef fish trophic guilds with global gut content data synthesis and phylogeny. PLOS Biology, 18(12), e3000702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000702

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hidrobiyoloji, Balık Yetiştiriciliği, Su Ürünleri Teknolojileri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

26 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

22 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57SR75KA

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex
APA
Karahanlı, E. (2026). Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(4), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07
AMA
1.Karahanlı E. Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data. EgeJFAS. 2026;43(4):383-392. doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07
Chicago
Karahanlı, Ertan. 2026. “Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 (4): 383-92. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07.
EndNote
Karahanlı E (01 Ekim 2026) Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 4 383–392.
IEEE
[1]E. Karahanlı, “Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data”, EgeJFAS, c. 43, sy 4, ss. 383–392, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07.
ISNAD
Karahanlı, Ertan. “Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43/4 (01 Ekim 2026): 383-392. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07.
JAMA
1.Karahanlı E. Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data. EgeJFAS. 2026;43:383–392.
MLA
Karahanlı, Ertan. “Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 43, sy 4, Ekim 2026, ss. 383-92, doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07.
Vancouver
1.Ertan Karahanlı. Estimation of fish feeding groups, dietary breadth and trophic levels based on open data through the integration of TroPhish and FishBase data. EgeJFAS. 01 Ekim 2026;43(4):383-92. doi:10.12714/egejfas.43.4.07