Bioactive potential of freshwater Spirogyra species: Comparative antioxidant and antifungal activity

Hamna Sohail; Ghazala Yasmeen Butt

EN TR

Bioactive potential of freshwater Spirogyra species: Comparative antioxidant and antifungal activity

Abstract

Freshwater green algae, particularly Spirogyra sp., is a potential source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological relevance. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antifungal activities of Spirogyra sp. collected from Jilani Park Racecourse, Lahore, Pakistan. Methanolic and chloroform extracts were analysed using total antioxidant activity (TAA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), and metal chelating (MC) assays. Antifungal activity was assessed against Aspergillus niger Tiegh and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., using fluconazole as a positive control. Methanolic extracts exhibited significantly higher TAA, TPC and MC activities compared to chloroform extracts, whereas chloroform extracts showed markedly higher FRAP values. Differences between methanolic and chloroform extracts were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Both extracts demonstrated antifungal activity; methanolic extracts showed stronger initial inhibition, whereas chloroform extracts maintained sustained inhibitory effects over 48 h. Overall, Spirogyra sp. exhibited notable antioxidant and antifungal potential. These findings provide evidence of its solvent-dependent bioactive properties and support further in-depth investigations to explore its potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnological formulations.

Keywords

Tatlı su Spirogyra türlerinin biyoaktif potansiyeli: Karşılaştırmalı antioksidan ve antifungal aktivite

Öz

Tatlısu yeşil algleri, özellikle Spirogyra sp., farmakolojik öneme sahip biyoaktif bileşiklerin potansiyel bir kaynağıdır. Bu çalışma, Pakistan'ın Lahor şehrindeki Jilani Park Hipodromu'ndan toplanan Spirogyra sp.'nin antioksidan ve antifungal aktivitelerini değerlendirmiştir. Metanolik ve kloroform özütleri, toplam antioksidan aktivite (TAA), demir indirgeyici antioksidan güç (FRAP), toplam fenolik içerik (TPC) ve metal şelatlama (MC) testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Antifungal aktivite, pozitif kontrol olarak flukonazol kullanılarak Aspergillus niger Tiegh ve Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill.'e karşı değerlendirilmiştir. Metanolik özütler, kloroform özütlerine kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha yüksek TAA, TPC ve MC aktiviteleri sergilerken, kloroform özütleri belirgin şekilde daha yüksek FRAP değerleri göstermiştir. Metanolik ve kloroform özütleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p < 0.0001). Her iki özüt de antifungal aktivite göstermiştir; metanolik özütler daha güçlü başlangıç inhibisyonu gösterirken, kloroform özütleri 48 saat boyunca sürekli inhibitör etkilerini korumuştur. Genel olarak, Spirogyra sp. önemli antioksidan ve antifungal potansiyel sergilemiştir. Bu bulgular, çözücüye bağlı biyoaktif özelliklerine dair kanıt sağlamakta ve farmasötik, nutrasötik ve biyoteknolojik formülasyonlardaki potansiyel uygulamalarını araştırmak için daha derinlemesine araştırmaları desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma kendi kaynaklarımızla desteklenmiş olup, herhangi bir kurumdan finansal destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma insan katılımcılar veya hayvan denekler içermemektedir. Alg örnekleri, Jilani Park, Racecourse, Lahore’dan çevreye zarar vermeden toplanmıştır. Etik onay gerekli değildi ve tüm standart laboratuvar güvenliği ile etik rehber ilkelerine uyulmuştur.

Teşekkür

Araştırma çalışması, danışmanım Dr. Ghazala Yasmeen Butt’ın gözetim ve rehberliği olmadan mümkün olamazdı. Ayrıca, saha çalışmaları, saha ziyaretleri ve alglerin toplanması dahil olmak üzere genel olarak desteği için annem Fatima ve en iyi arkadaşım Iram Sher’e minnettarlığımı ifade ederim. Laboratuvar olanakları sağladığı için GCU Lahore Botanik Bölümü’ne de teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sucul Kültür

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Hamna Sohail ^*
0009-0004-7048-0457
Pakistan

Ghazala Yasmeen Butt
0000-0001-7382-7613
Pakistan

Yayımlanma Tarihi

16 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

27 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

24 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA59UA89CZ

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Sohail, H., & Butt, G. Y. (2026). Bioactive potential of freshwater Spirogyra species: Comparative antioxidant and antifungal activity. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(2), 145-151. https://izlik.org/JA59UA89CZ