Observation of Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte and Garay 1986) / Vibrio shiloi (Kushmaro et al. 2001) bacteria from skin ulcers of the cultured sea cucumber Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823)
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 393 - 397, 15.09.2021
Mustafa Tolga Tolon
,
Ulviye Karacalar
,
Caner Şirin
Öz
Skin ulcer syndrome is frequently reported as a serious disease affecting the health, growth and mortality of stocks in sea cucumber aquaculture. In this study, bacteria isolated predominantly from skin ulcers of sea cucumber Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823), a new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean, were investigated. Morphological and biochemical tests, and molecular analysis methods were used to examine the dominant bacteria in the lesions of H. poli showing skin ulceration, peristome tumour and visceral ejection symptoms in rearing tanks. Present study is the first report for isolation and identification of Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte and Garay 1986) (called also Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro et al. 2001) as a predominant gram-negative bacterium in the skin ulcers of H. poli. Reference data provided from the present study would lead to understand possible major pathogens causing skin ulceration syndrome and is crucial for the prophylaxis and treatment of such disease in holothuriculture.
Kaynakça
- Alsina, M. & Blanch, A. R. (1994). Improvement and update of a set of keys for biochemical identification of Vibrio species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 77(6), 719-721. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb02824.x
- Becker, P., Gillan, D., Lanterbecq, D., Jangoux, M., Rasolofonirina, R., Rakotovao, J. & Eeckhaut, I. (2004). The skin ulceration disease in cultivated juveniles of Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata). Aquaculture, 242(1-4), 13-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.018
- Bergey, D.H., Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (1939).Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Fifth Edn. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
- Choquet, G., Soudant,P., Lambert,C., Nicolas,J.L. & Paillard,C., (2003). Reduction of adhesion properties of Ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes exposed to Vibrio tapetis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 57 (1–2) (2003), 109-116. DOI:10.3354/dao057109
- Conand, C., Shea, S. & To, A. (2014). Beche-de-mer trade statistics for Hong Kong in 2012. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 34, 43-46.
- Deng, H., Zhou, Z. C., Wang, N. B. & Liu, C. (2008). The syndrome of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) infected by virus and bacteria. Virologica Sinica, 23(1), 63-67. DOI: 10.1007/s12250-008-2863-9
- Deng, H., He, C., Zhou, Z., Liu, C., Tan, K., Wang, N., ... Liu, W. (2009). Isolation and pathogenicity of pathogens from skin ulceration disease and viscera ejection syndrome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture, 287(1-2), 18-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.015
- Domínguez-Godino, J. A., Slater, M. J., Hannon, C. & González-Wangüermert, M. (2015). A new species for sea cucumber ranching and aquaculture: Breeding and rearing of Holothuria arguinensis. Aquaculture, 438, 122-128.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.01.004
- Domínguez‐Godino, J.A., & González‐Wangüemert, M. (2018). Breeding and larval development of Holothuria mammata, a new target species for aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 49(4), 1430-1440. DOI: 10.1111/are.13597
- FAO. (2021). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2019 (FishstatJ). In: FAO Fisheries Division [online]. Rome. Updated 2021. www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en
- Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.
- Kushmaro, A., Banin, E., Loya, Y., Stackebrandt, E. & Rosenberg, E. (2001). Vibrio shiloi sp. nov., the causative agent of bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica. International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 51(4), 1383-1388. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-4-1383
- Lane ,E. & Birkbeck,T.H. (1999). Toxicity of bacteria towards haemocytes of Mytilus edulis Aquatic Living Resources, 12(1999), 343-350. DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(99)00113-8
- León-Palmero, E., Joglar, V., Álvarez, P. A., Martín-Platero, A., Llamas, I. & Reche, I. (2018). Diversity and antimicrobial potential in sea anemone and holothurian microbiomes. PloS one, 13(5), e0196178. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196178
- Li C H, Feng W D, Qiu L H, Xia C G, Su X R, Jin C H, Zhou T T, Zeng Y, Li T W. 2012. Characterization of skin ulceration syndrome associated microRNAs in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by deep sequencing. Fish and Shellfish Immunology , 33 (2), 436-441. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.04.013
- Liu, H., Zheng, F., Sun, X., Hong, X., Dong, S., Wang, B., … Wang, Y. (2010). Identification of the pathogens associated with skin ulceration and peristome tumescence in cultured sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 105(3), 236-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.05.016
- Ma, Y., Xu, G., Chang, Y., Zhang, E. P., Zhou, W. & Song, L. S. (2006). Bacterial pathogens of skin ulceration disease in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) juveniles. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 21(1), 13-18.
- Pujalte, M.A., Ortiz-Conde, B.A.,Steven, S.E., Esteve, C., Garay, E. & Colwell, R.R. (1992) Numerical taxonomy and nucleic acid studies of Vibrio mediterranei. Systematic Applied Microbiology, 15 (1992), 82-91. DOI: 10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80143-8
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Lovatelli, A., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2018). Spawning and rearing of Holothuria tubulosa: A new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. Aquaculture Research, 49(1), 557-568. DOI: 10.1111/are.13487
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2019). Artificial reproduction of Holothuria polii: A new candidate for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 498, 444-453. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.060
- Saravanan, S. & Sivakami, R. (2018) Identification of Vibrio species occurring in food fishes and studies on their antibiotic resistances. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 3,318–32.
- Sicuro, B. & Levine, J. (2011). Sea cucumber in the Mediterranean: a potential species for aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19(3), 299-304. DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.598249
- Tarazona, E.,Lucena,T., Arahal, D.R.,Macián, M.C.,Ruvira, M.A. & Pujalte,M.J. (2014) Multilocus sequence analysis of putative Vibrio mediterranei strains and description of Vibrio thalassae sp. Systematics of Applied Microbiology, 37 (5), 320-328. DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2014.05.005
- Thompson, F.L.,Hoste, B.,Thompson, C.C,Huys, G. & Swings,J. (2001) The coral bleaching Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro et al. 2001 is a later synonym of Vibrio mediterranei Pujalte and Garay 1986 Systematic Applied Microbiology., 24 (4), 516-519, 10.1078/0723-2020-00065
- Tolon, T. (2017). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of the juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) and Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1923). FEB-Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(6), 3930-3935.
- Tonn, N., Novais, S. C., Silva, C. S., Morais, H. A., Correia, J. P. & Lemos, M. F. (2016). Stress responses of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali during aquaculture handling and transportation. Marine Biology Research, 12(9), 948-957. DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2016.1218030
- Toren, A., Landau, L., Kushmaro, A., Loya, Y. & Rosenberg, E. (1998). Effect of temperature on adhesion ofvibrio strain ak-1 to Oculina patagonica and on coral bleaching. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1379-1384. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.4.1379-1384.1998
- Wang, Y. G., Rong, X. J., Zhang, C. Y. & Sun, S. (2005). Main diseases of cultured Apostichopus japonicus: prevention and treatment. Marine Sciences, 29(3), 1-7.
- Wang, Y. (2006). Etiology of skin ulcer syndrome in cultured juveniles of Apostichopus japonicus and analysis of reservoir of the pathogens. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China/Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue, 13(4), 610-616.
- Wang, G. X., Yuan, J. L., Zhao, Y. K. & Yuan, M. (2007). Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity of the pathogens of the skin ulceration disease in Apostichopus japonicus. Journal of Northwest A and F University (Natural Science Edition), 35, 87-90.
- Zhang, C. Y., Wang, Y. G. & Rong, X. J. (2006). Isolation and identification of causative pathogen for skin ulcerative syndrome in Apostichopus japonicus. Journal of Fisheries China, 30(1), 118-123.
- Zhang, J., Cao, Z., Li, Z., Wang, L., Li, H., Wu, F., ... Xu, Y. (2015). Effect of bacteriophages on Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(2), 149-158. DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12177
Kültürü yapılan Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823) türü deniz hıyarının deri ülserlerinden Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte ve Garay 1986) / Vibrio shiloi (Kushmaro vd. 2001) bakterisinin gözlenmesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 393 - 397, 15.09.2021
Mustafa Tolga Tolon
,
Ulviye Karacalar
,
Caner Şirin
Öz
Deri ülseri sendromu deniz hıyarı yetiştiriciliğinde stokların sağlığını, büyümesini ve ölüm oranını etkileyen ciddi bir hastalık olarak sıklıkla rapor edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz'de yetiştiricilik için yeni bir aday olan Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823) türü deniz hıyarının deri ülserlerinden baskın halde izole edilen bakteriler incelenmiştir. Yetiştirme tanklarında deri ülseri, peristomal tümör ve bağırsak çıkarma semptomları gösteren deniz hıyarlarının deri lezyonlarındaki dominant bakterileri incelemek amacıyla morfolojik ve biyokimyasal testler, ve moleküler analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, H. poli'nin cilt ülserlerinde dominant gram-negatif bir bakteri olarak Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte ve Garay 1986) 'nin (Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro vd. 2001 olarak da adlandırılır) izolasyonu ve tanımlanması konusunda ilk rapordur. Bu çalışmadan sağlanan referans veriler, deri ülseri sendromuna neden olan olası baskın patojenlerin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olurken deniz hıyarı kültüründe bu tür hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisi için yol gösterici olması yönünden önemlidir.
Kaynakça
- Alsina, M. & Blanch, A. R. (1994). Improvement and update of a set of keys for biochemical identification of Vibrio species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 77(6), 719-721. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb02824.x
- Becker, P., Gillan, D., Lanterbecq, D., Jangoux, M., Rasolofonirina, R., Rakotovao, J. & Eeckhaut, I. (2004). The skin ulceration disease in cultivated juveniles of Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata). Aquaculture, 242(1-4), 13-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.018
- Bergey, D.H., Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (1939).Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Fifth Edn. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
- Choquet, G., Soudant,P., Lambert,C., Nicolas,J.L. & Paillard,C., (2003). Reduction of adhesion properties of Ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes exposed to Vibrio tapetis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 57 (1–2) (2003), 109-116. DOI:10.3354/dao057109
- Conand, C., Shea, S. & To, A. (2014). Beche-de-mer trade statistics for Hong Kong in 2012. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 34, 43-46.
- Deng, H., Zhou, Z. C., Wang, N. B. & Liu, C. (2008). The syndrome of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) infected by virus and bacteria. Virologica Sinica, 23(1), 63-67. DOI: 10.1007/s12250-008-2863-9
- Deng, H., He, C., Zhou, Z., Liu, C., Tan, K., Wang, N., ... Liu, W. (2009). Isolation and pathogenicity of pathogens from skin ulceration disease and viscera ejection syndrome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture, 287(1-2), 18-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.015
- Domínguez-Godino, J. A., Slater, M. J., Hannon, C. & González-Wangüermert, M. (2015). A new species for sea cucumber ranching and aquaculture: Breeding and rearing of Holothuria arguinensis. Aquaculture, 438, 122-128.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.01.004
- Domínguez‐Godino, J.A., & González‐Wangüemert, M. (2018). Breeding and larval development of Holothuria mammata, a new target species for aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 49(4), 1430-1440. DOI: 10.1111/are.13597
- FAO. (2021). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2019 (FishstatJ). In: FAO Fisheries Division [online]. Rome. Updated 2021. www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en
- Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.
- Kushmaro, A., Banin, E., Loya, Y., Stackebrandt, E. & Rosenberg, E. (2001). Vibrio shiloi sp. nov., the causative agent of bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica. International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 51(4), 1383-1388. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-4-1383
- Lane ,E. & Birkbeck,T.H. (1999). Toxicity of bacteria towards haemocytes of Mytilus edulis Aquatic Living Resources, 12(1999), 343-350. DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(99)00113-8
- León-Palmero, E., Joglar, V., Álvarez, P. A., Martín-Platero, A., Llamas, I. & Reche, I. (2018). Diversity and antimicrobial potential in sea anemone and holothurian microbiomes. PloS one, 13(5), e0196178. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196178
- Li C H, Feng W D, Qiu L H, Xia C G, Su X R, Jin C H, Zhou T T, Zeng Y, Li T W. 2012. Characterization of skin ulceration syndrome associated microRNAs in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by deep sequencing. Fish and Shellfish Immunology , 33 (2), 436-441. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.04.013
- Liu, H., Zheng, F., Sun, X., Hong, X., Dong, S., Wang, B., … Wang, Y. (2010). Identification of the pathogens associated with skin ulceration and peristome tumescence in cultured sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 105(3), 236-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.05.016
- Ma, Y., Xu, G., Chang, Y., Zhang, E. P., Zhou, W. & Song, L. S. (2006). Bacterial pathogens of skin ulceration disease in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) juveniles. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 21(1), 13-18.
- Pujalte, M.A., Ortiz-Conde, B.A.,Steven, S.E., Esteve, C., Garay, E. & Colwell, R.R. (1992) Numerical taxonomy and nucleic acid studies of Vibrio mediterranei. Systematic Applied Microbiology, 15 (1992), 82-91. DOI: 10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80143-8
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Lovatelli, A., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2018). Spawning and rearing of Holothuria tubulosa: A new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. Aquaculture Research, 49(1), 557-568. DOI: 10.1111/are.13487
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2019). Artificial reproduction of Holothuria polii: A new candidate for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 498, 444-453. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.060
- Saravanan, S. & Sivakami, R. (2018) Identification of Vibrio species occurring in food fishes and studies on their antibiotic resistances. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 3,318–32.
- Sicuro, B. & Levine, J. (2011). Sea cucumber in the Mediterranean: a potential species for aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19(3), 299-304. DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.598249
- Tarazona, E.,Lucena,T., Arahal, D.R.,Macián, M.C.,Ruvira, M.A. & Pujalte,M.J. (2014) Multilocus sequence analysis of putative Vibrio mediterranei strains and description of Vibrio thalassae sp. Systematics of Applied Microbiology, 37 (5), 320-328. DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2014.05.005
- Thompson, F.L.,Hoste, B.,Thompson, C.C,Huys, G. & Swings,J. (2001) The coral bleaching Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro et al. 2001 is a later synonym of Vibrio mediterranei Pujalte and Garay 1986 Systematic Applied Microbiology., 24 (4), 516-519, 10.1078/0723-2020-00065
- Tolon, T. (2017). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of the juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) and Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1923). FEB-Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(6), 3930-3935.
- Tonn, N., Novais, S. C., Silva, C. S., Morais, H. A., Correia, J. P. & Lemos, M. F. (2016). Stress responses of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali during aquaculture handling and transportation. Marine Biology Research, 12(9), 948-957. DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2016.1218030
- Toren, A., Landau, L., Kushmaro, A., Loya, Y. & Rosenberg, E. (1998). Effect of temperature on adhesion ofvibrio strain ak-1 to Oculina patagonica and on coral bleaching. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1379-1384. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.4.1379-1384.1998
- Wang, Y. G., Rong, X. J., Zhang, C. Y. & Sun, S. (2005). Main diseases of cultured Apostichopus japonicus: prevention and treatment. Marine Sciences, 29(3), 1-7.
- Wang, Y. (2006). Etiology of skin ulcer syndrome in cultured juveniles of Apostichopus japonicus and analysis of reservoir of the pathogens. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China/Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue, 13(4), 610-616.
- Wang, G. X., Yuan, J. L., Zhao, Y. K. & Yuan, M. (2007). Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity of the pathogens of the skin ulceration disease in Apostichopus japonicus. Journal of Northwest A and F University (Natural Science Edition), 35, 87-90.
- Zhang, C. Y., Wang, Y. G. & Rong, X. J. (2006). Isolation and identification of causative pathogen for skin ulcerative syndrome in Apostichopus japonicus. Journal of Fisheries China, 30(1), 118-123.
- Zhang, J., Cao, Z., Li, Z., Wang, L., Li, H., Wu, F., ... Xu, Y. (2015). Effect of bacteriophages on Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(2), 149-158. DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12177