Growth from the sea: The impact of the blue economy on growth in Türkiye

Esra Soyu Yıldırım

doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.3.04

EN TR

Growth from the sea: The impact of the blue economy on growth in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of some key indicators of the blue economy on economic growth in Türkiye for the period 1990-2022. For this analysis, the ARDL approach is employed. In the study, gross domestic product (GDP) is used as the dependent variable, while aquaculture production (AP), total fisheries production (TFP), labor force (LF), and gross fixed capital formation (GFC) are used as independent variables. According to the findings, there is a long run cointegration relationship between the variables. Moreover, the positive effect of the AP variable is not statistically significant. On the other hand, the coefficients of TFP, LF and GFC variables are positive and show positive and significant effects on economic growth. These results suggest that certain components of the blue economy can contribute to Türkiye's economic growth.

Keywords

Denizden gelen büyüme: Türkiye’de mavi ekonominin büyüme üzerindeki etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de 1990-2022 dönemi için mavi ekonomi kapsamında yer alan bazı temel göstergelerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu inceleme için ARDL tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analizde bağımlı değişken olarak gayrisafi yurt içi hasıla (GSYH) kullanılırken, bağımsız değişkenler olarak su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği üretimi (AP), toplam balıkçılık üretimi (TFP), iş gücü (LF) ve sabit sermaye yatırımları (GFC) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca AP değişkeninin pozitif yönlü etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Buna karşılık, TFP, LF ve GFC değişkenlerinin katsayıları pozitif olup, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkiler göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, mavi ekonominin belirli bileşenlerinin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesine katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ahammed, S., Rana, M.M., Uddin, H., Majumder, S.C., & Shaha, S. (2024). Impact of blue economy factors on the sustainable economic growth of China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27, 12625-12652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04411-6
Akhtar, M., Xu, J., Kashif, U., Ali, K., Muhammad Naveed, H., & Haris, M. (2025). Bayesian neural network modelling for estimating ecological footprints and blue economy sustainability across G20 nations. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04378-x
Alharthi, M., & Hanif, I. (2020). Impact of blue economy factors on economic growth in the SAARC countries. Maritime Business Review, 5(3), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-01-2020-0006
Ashyrov, G., Paas, T., & Tverdostup, M. (2018). The input-output analysis of blue industries: Comparative study of Estonia and Finland. University of Tartu, Working Paper 2018, ISBN: 978-9985-4-1104-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3176955
Bădîrcea, R.M., Manta, A.G., Florea, N.M., Puiu, S., Manta, L.F., & Doran, M.D. (2021). Connecting blue economy and economic growth to climate change: Evidence from European Union countries. Energies, 14(15), 4600. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154600
Çoban, M.N., & Ölmez, Ü. (2017). The blue economy and the blue growth. Electronic Turkish Studies, 12(3), 155-166. (in Turkish with English abstract) https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.11122 Dickey, D.A. & Fuller, W.A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1912517
Dykas, P., Tokarski, T., & Wisła, R. (2023). The Solow model of economic growth: Application to contemporary macroeconomic issues. Taylor & Francis, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003323792
Eminçe Saygı, H. (2024). Growth prospects of the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Turkey in the context of the blue economy. Menba Journal of Fisheries Faculty, 10(3), 187 200. https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1559413

European Commission (2018). The 2018 annual economic report on EU blue economy. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2771/305342
Eyüboğlu, S., & Akmermer, B. (2023). The relationship between economic growth and fisheries production in Türkiye. Aquaculture Studies, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.4194/AQUAST1017
Fratila, A. Gavril, I.A. Nita, S.C. & Hrebenciuc, A. (2021). The importance of maritime transport for economic growth in the European Union: A panel data analysis. Sustainability, 13(7961), 1 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147961
He, S., Alhamdi, F.M., Paramaiah, C., Hanif, S., & Nawaz, M.A. (2025). Role of blue economy and green economy in economic growth: Evidence from Pakistan. In Natural Resources Forum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.70009
Hossain, M.A., Islam, M.N., Fatima, S., Kibria, M.G., Ullah, E., & Hossain, M.E. (2024). Pathway toward sustainable blue economy: Consideration of greenhouse gas emissions, trade, and economic growth in 25 nations bordering the Indian ocean. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140708
Jawaid, S.T. Siddiqui, M.H. Atiq, Z. Azhar, U. (2019). Fish exports and economic growth: The Pakistan's experience. Global Business Review, 20, 279-296, https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825422
Levine, R., & Renelt, D. (1992). A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions. American Economic Review, 82(4), 942–963. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117352
Liza, J.I., Majumder, S.C., & Rahman, M.H. (2025). Scrutinizing the impact of blue economy factors on the economic growth in Bangladesh: An empirical study. Marine Policy, 173, 106542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106542
Mankiw, N.G., Romer, D., & Weil, D.N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118477
Martínez-Vázquez, R.M., Milán-García, J., & de Pablo Valenciano, J. (2021). Challenges of the blue economy: Evidence and research trends. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00502-1
Narayan, P.K., & Narayan, S. (2005). Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for Fiji in a cointegration framework. Economic Modelling, 22(3), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2004.06.004
Nham N.T.H., & Ha, L.T. (2023). The role of financial development in improving marine living resources towards sustainable blue economy. Journal of Sea Research, 195, 102417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2023.102417
Ninawe, A.S. (2017). Blue economy is the economic activities that directly or indirectly take place in the ocean and seas, use outputs, goods and services into ocean and land based activities. Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography, 1-3.
Pata, U.K., Yurtkuran, S., & Kalça, A. (2016). Energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey: Ardl bounds test approach. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 38(2), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.281411
Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
Rehman, A., Deyuan, Z., Hena, S., & Chandio, A.A. (2019). Do fisheries and aquaculture production have dominant roles within the economic growth of Pakistan? A long-run and short-run investigation. British Food Journal, 121(8), 1926-1935, https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2019-0005
Sarker, S., Bhuyan, M.A.H., Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.A., Hossain, M.S., Basak, S.C., & Islam, M.M. (2018). From science to action: Exploring the potentials of blue economy for enhancing economic sustainability in Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management, 157, 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.001
Sarwar, S. (2022). Impact of energy intensity, green economy and blue economy to achieve sustainable economic growth in GCC countries: Does Saudi Vision 2030 matters to GCC countries. Renewable Energy, 191, 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.122
Scholaert, F., Margaras, V., Pape, M., Wilson, A. & Kloecker, C. A. (2020). The blue economy: Overview and EU policy framework. European Parliament. https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/gjc0jg
Silver, J.J., Gray, N.J., Campbell, L.M., Fairbanks, L.W., & Gruby, R.L. (2015). Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. Journal of Environment & Development, 24, 135–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
Solow, R.M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1884513
Stephenson, R.L., & Hobday, A.J. (2024). Blueprint for blue economy implementation. Marine Policy, 163, 106129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106129
Suluk, S. (2022). Colors of the economy: an evaluation of Turkey in the context of the sustainable blue economy. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, 74, 132-150. (in Turkish with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1123257
Tayyar, A.E. (2023). The evil twin of global warming – blue economy and intra-industry trade: Ardl analysis for Turkiye, Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 57, 21-36. (in Turkish with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1228128
Toplu Yılmaz, Ö. (2021). Evaluation of fisheries support in Turkey for sustainable blue economy. Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 14(3), 906-923. (in Turkish with English abstract) http://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.788879
Usluer, H.B. (2024). Investigation of blue economy and its impact on global maritime transportation. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22(3), 50-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/yead.1521413
Voyer, M., Quirk, G., McIlgorm, A., & Azmi, K. (2018). Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the blue economy mean for oceans governance?. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 20(5), 595-616. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473153
World Bank, (2017). The Potential of the Blue Economy: Increasing Long-term Benefits of the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources for Small Island Developing States and Coastal Least Developed Countries, World Bank Publications, https://www.studocu.com/row/document/universite-des-mascareignes/oceaneconomy/15434-blue-economy-jun-1/14483090 (accessed 07/4/2025).
WWF (2018). Principles for a Sustainable Blue Economy. 2018. Available online: https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_marine_briefing_principles_blue_economy.pdf (accessed on 5 April 2025).

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekoloji (Diğer) , Çevre Yönetimi (Diğer) , Balık Yetiştiriciliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Esra Soyu Yıldırım ^*
0000-0003-1614-0967
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

1 Eylül 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

10 Eylül 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

17 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.3.04

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73EL57CP

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Soyu Yıldırım, E. (2025). Growth from the sea: The impact of the blue economy on growth in Türkiye. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(3), 222-231. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.3.04