Combined evaluation of physicochemical parameters and Daphnia magna toxicity tests of Gediz River surface water

Tuna Karaytuğ; Ferah Sayım

doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.4.08

TR EN

Gediz Nehri yüzey suyunun fizikokimyasal parametreleri ile Daphnia magna toksisite testlerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Gediz Nehri'ndeki kirlilik, Daphnia magna toksisite testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Su örnekleri, ilkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde beş farklı istasyondan toplandı. Fe, Mn, Cl⁻, NH₃-N, S²⁻, K, NO₃⁻-N ve PO₄³⁻ gibi temel kimyasal bileşenlerin konsantrasyonları spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlendi. Akut ve kronik toksisite testleri OECD yönergelerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. Akut toksisite, ilkbaharda birden fazla istasyonda ve yazın bir istasyonda gözlendi. Buna karşılık, kronik maruziyet sonuçları, Gediz Nehri’nde bilinen organik ve inorganik kirliliğe rağmen D. magna üzerinde anlamlı olumsuz etkiler göstermedi. İlginç bir şekilde, bazı örnekler test organizmalarında büyüme, gelişim ve üremenin uyarıldığını ortaya koydu; bu durum, suda düşük konsantrasyonlarda bulunan ve sedimentlerde daha fazla yoğunlaşan kirleticilerden kaynaklanan hormetik etkileri işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular, yalnızca su kolonuna dayalı Daphnia toksisite testlerinin, Gediz Nehri'nde bulunan organik ve inorganik kirleticilerin birleşik etkilerini tam olarak yansıtamayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Combined evaluation of physicochemical parameters and Daphnia magna toxicity tests of Gediz River surface water

Abstract

In this study, pollution in the Gediz River was assessed using Daphnia magna toxicity tests. Water samples were collected from five distinct stations during spring and summer. Concentrations of key chemical constituents, including Fe, Mn, Cl⁻, NH₃-N, S²⁻, K, NO₃⁻-N, and PO₄³⁻, were determined spectrophotometrically. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted according to OECD guidelines. Acute toxicity was observed at multiple stations in spring and at one station in summer. Conversely, chronic exposure results revealed no significant adverse effects on D. magna, despite the known organic and inorganic pollution in the Gediz River. Interestingly, some samples demonstrated stimulation of growth, development, and reproduction in the test organisms, indicating hormetic effects caused by low pollutant concentrations in the water, which are more concentrated in sediments. These findings underscore that Daphnia-based water-column toxicity tests alone may not fully capture the combined impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants present in the Gediz River.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Commission of Ege University (Project No: 2013Fen17) and TÜBİTAK-BİDEB (2210-C Domestic Master's Scholarship Program for Priority Areas)

Project Number

2013fen 17

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not required for this study.

Thanks

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Meltem Conk Dalay and Dr. Zeliha Demirel for providing the initial algal culture. and to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Orkide Minareci for accompanying them during the first fieldwork and sharing her valuable experience.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Marine and Estuarine Ecology , Hydrobiology , Freshwater Ecology , Ecology (Other) , Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tuna Karaytuğ ^*
0000-0002-1723-209X
Türkiye

Ferah Sayım
0000-0002-1496-8878
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

December 1, 2025

Publication Date

December 10, 2025

Submission Date

June 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 30, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 42 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.4.08

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85RP72LF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Karaytuğ, T., & Sayım, F. (2025). Combined evaluation of physicochemical parameters and Daphnia magna toxicity tests of Gediz River surface water. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(4), 338-348. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.4.08