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A critical transition zone for fan mussels (Pinna nobilis): The Dardanelles as a barrier against mass mortality

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3, 201 - 212

Uğur Karadurmuş , Mustafa Sarı , Mustafa Akkuş

Öz

Pinna nobilis (fan mussel) is facing mass mortality event (MME) across the Mediterranean Sea due to a combination of several factors, including the pathogen Haplosporidium pinnae and other associated pathogens, as well as climate change, invasive species, habitat degradation, boat anchoring, exploitation, and disruptions in the food web. Despite a MME associated with mucilage event, the Sea of Marmara (SoM) still hosts high-density populations of fan mussels. Despite the severe impact across the Mediterranean, the persistence of populations in the SoM has raised questions about the factors contributing to their survival. This study investigates the role of salinity patterns in the survival of fan mussel populations in the Dardanelles, a critical transition zone between the Aegean Sea and the SoM. The objective is to determine whether the unique salinity patterns in the Dardanelles provide a protective effect against the MME. Underwater observations were conducted at 23 sites in the Dardanelles in August 2024, and salinity patterns were analysed. The results reveal a significant increase in mortality rates as salinity rises above 24.9 psu, with nearly 100% mortality observed at the higher salinity levels. These findings, synthesized with existing literature, suggest that the salinity patterns in the Dardanelles play a crucial role in the survival of fan mussel by either preventing the pathogen from entering the SoM or mitigating its lethal effects. The Dardanelles, which serves as a critical transition point by supporting the survival of fan mussel populations, should be the focus of additional scientific research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Critically endangered mass mortality event Pinna nobilis salinity Çanakkale Strait Mediterranean Sea

Etik Beyan

No fan mussel was landed during the study. Underwater clinical examinations were performed using non-destructive methods. Therefore, formal approval is not required for this study.

Destekleyen Kurum

The Directorate General of Protection of Natural Assets supported this work under the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change under the name “Protection and monitoring fan mussel in the Sea of Marmara (MAR-PİNA) Project”.

Proje Numarası

MAR-PİNA

Teşekkür

The authors thank to professional divers Birkan Yüksel and Güven Kurtuluş Arabacı who voluntarily accompanied the dives throughout the fieldwork. Also, we would like to thank the Umut Pina project, which was previously carried out with the support of Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Scientific Projects Directorate and Borusan Holding, for the infrastructure utilized during this study.

Kaynakça

  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2021). Current status of critically endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) population in Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.793885
  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2023). The current status of the critically endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) population in the Dardanelles. In U. Özekinci, E.Ş. Çelik, Y. Şen (Eds.), Aquaculture, Fishing and Maritime in Çanakkale (pp. 301-315). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler, (in Turkish).
  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2024). Distribution of the critically endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis population in the Çanakkale Strait and Marmara Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41, 46–53. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.41.1.07
  • Aksu, A., Altınağaç, U., & Demirkıran, T. (2021). Determination of mortality rates in Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) population in the Çanakkale Strait. COMU Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 4, 187–196. https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1005856
  • Aksu, A., Altınağaç, U., Altan Aksu, İ., Sorarlı, G., Taşçı, D., & Yağlı, H. (2023). Underwater monitoring study of endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Çanakkale Strait between 2020-2021. Journal of Anatolian Envionmental and Animal Sciences, 8, 749 755. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1227018
  • Aydoğdu, A., Pinardi, N., Özsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gürses, Ö., & Karspeck, A. (2018). Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing. Ocean Science, 14, 999 1019. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-999-2018
  • Brovchenko, I., Maderich, V., Choi, B.H., Kim, K.O., & Martazinova, V. (2022). Modelling of short-term variations of currents, temperature, salinity and sea level in the Strait of Dardanelles. Ocean Engineering, 245, 110567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110567
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  • Carella, F., Aceto, S., Pollaro, G., Miccio, A., Iaria, C., Carrasco, N., Prado, P., & De Vico, G. (2019). An emerging mycobacterial disease is associated with the silent mass mortality of the pen shell Pinna nobilis along Tyrrhenian coastline of Italy. Scientific Reports, 9, 2725. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37217-y
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Pinalar (Pinna nobilis) için kritik bir geçiş bölgesi: Kitlesel ölümlere karşı bir bariyer olarak Çanakkale Boğazı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3, 201 - 212

Uğur Karadurmuş , Mustafa Sarı , Mustafa Akkuş

Öz

Pinna nobilis (Pina), Haplosporidium pinnae patojeni ve diğer ilişkili patojenlerin etkisiyle kitlesel ölüm olayı (MME) ile karşı karşıyadır, bunun yanı sıra iklim değişikliği, istilacı türler, habitat bozulması, çapalama, aşırı avcılık ve besin ağındaki bozulmalar da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerin birleşimi nedeniyle Akdeniz boyunca kritik düzeyde tehlike altındadır. Müsilaj olayıyla ilişkilendirilen bir MME'ye rağmen, Marmara Denizi (SoM) hala yüksek yoğunluklu pina popülasyonlarına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Akdeniz'deki şiddetli etkiye rağmen, SoM’deki popülasyonların devam etmesi, hayatta kalmalarına katkıda bulunan faktörler hakkında soruları gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Ege Denizi ile SoM arasında kritik bir geçiş bölgesi olan Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki pina popülasyonlarının hayatta kalmasında tuzluluğun rolünü araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki benzersiz tuzluluk değerlerinin MME'ye karşı koruyucu bir etki sağlayıp sağlamadığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ağustos 2024'te Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki 23 noktada su altı gözlemleri yapılmış ve tuzluluk modelleri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, tuzluluk değerlerinin 24,9 psu'nun üzerine çıktığında pinaların ölüm oranlarında önemli bir artış olduğunu ve daha yüksek tuzluluk seviyelerinde neredeyse %100 ölüm oranının gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Mevcut literatürle sentezlenen bu bulgular, Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki tuzluluk değerlerinin, patojenin SoM'ne girmesini önleyerek veya ölümcül etkilerini azaltarak yelpaze midyesinin hayatta kalmasında önemli bir rol oynadığını düşündürmektedir. Pina popülasyonlarının hayatta kalmasını destekleyerek kritik bir geçiş noktası görevi gören Çanakkale Boğazı, ek bilimsel araştırmaların odak noktası olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kritik düzeyde tehlike altında toplu ölüm olayı Pinna nobilis tuzluluk Çanakkale Boğazı Akdeniz

Proje Numarası

MAR-PİNA

Kaynakça

  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2021). Current status of critically endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) population in Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.793885
  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2023). The current status of the critically endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) population in the Dardanelles. In U. Özekinci, E.Ş. Çelik, Y. Şen (Eds.), Aquaculture, Fishing and Maritime in Çanakkale (pp. 301-315). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler, (in Turkish).
  • Acarlı, S., Acarlı, D., & Kale, S. (2024). Distribution of the critically endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis population in the Çanakkale Strait and Marmara Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41, 46–53. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.41.1.07
  • Aksu, A., Altınağaç, U., & Demirkıran, T. (2021). Determination of mortality rates in Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) population in the Çanakkale Strait. COMU Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 4, 187–196. https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1005856
  • Aksu, A., Altınağaç, U., Altan Aksu, İ., Sorarlı, G., Taşçı, D., & Yağlı, H. (2023). Underwater monitoring study of endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Çanakkale Strait between 2020-2021. Journal of Anatolian Envionmental and Animal Sciences, 8, 749 755. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1227018
  • Aydoğdu, A., Pinardi, N., Özsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gürses, Ö., & Karspeck, A. (2018). Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing. Ocean Science, 14, 999 1019. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-999-2018
  • Brovchenko, I., Maderich, V., Choi, B.H., Kim, K.O., & Martazinova, V. (2022). Modelling of short-term variations of currents, temperature, salinity and sea level in the Strait of Dardanelles. Ocean Engineering, 245, 110567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110567
  • Cabanellas-Reboredo, M., Vázquez-Luis, M., Mourre, B., Álvarez, E., Deudero, S., Amores, A., Addis, P., Ballesteros, E., Barrajón, A., Coppa, S., García-March, J.R., Giacobbe, S., Giménez Casalduero, F., Hadjioannou, L., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, S.V., Katsanevakis, S., Kersting, D., Mačić, V., Mavrič, B., ……..& Hendriks, I.E. (2019). Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens. Scientific Reports, 9, 13355. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49808-4
  • Carella, F., Aceto, S., Pollaro, G., Miccio, A., Iaria, C., Carrasco, N., Prado, P., & De Vico, G. (2019). An emerging mycobacterial disease is associated with the silent mass mortality of the pen shell Pinna nobilis along Tyrrhenian coastline of Italy. Scientific Reports, 9, 2725. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37217-y
  • Carella, F., Antuofermo, E., Farina, S., Salati, F., Mandas, D., Prado, P., Panarese, R., Marino, F., Fiocchi, E., Pretto, T., & De Vico, G. (2020). In the wake of the ongoing mass mortality events: co-occurrence of mycobacterium, Haplosporidium and other pathogens in Pinna nobilis collected in Italy and Spain (Mediterranean Sea). Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00048
  • Carella, F., Palić, D., Šarić, T., Župan, I., Gorgoglione, B., Prado, P., Andree, K.B., Giantsis, I.A., Michaelidis, B., Lattos, A., Theodorou, J.A., Barja Perez, J.L., Rodriguez, S., Scarpa, F., Casu, M., Antuofermo, E., Sanna, D., Otranto, D., Panarese, R., ……..& De Vico G. (2023). Multipathogen infections and multifactorial pathogenesis involved in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) mass mortality events: Background and current pathologic approaches. Veterinary Pathology, 60, 560 577. https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858231186737
  • Catanese, G., Grau, A., Valencia, J.M., Garcia-March, J.R., Vázquez-Luis, M., Alvarez, E., Deudero, S., Darriba, S., Carballal, M.J., & Villalba, A. (2018). Haplosporidium pinnae sp. nov., a haplosporidian parasite associated with mass mortalities of the fan mussel, Pinna nobilis in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 157, 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.006
  • Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokeş, M., & Güçlüsoy, H. (2021a). The last fortress fell: Mass mortality of Pinna nobilis in the Sea of Marmara. Mediterranean Marine Science, 22, 669 676. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.27137
  • Çınar, M.E., Bilecenoğlu, M., Yokeş, M.B., & Güçlüsoy, H. (2021b). Pinna nobilis in the South Marmara Islands (Sea of Marmara); it still remains uninfected by the epidemic and acts as egg laying substratum for an alien invader. Mediterranean Marine Science, 22, 161 168. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.25289
  • Čižmek, H., Čolić, B., Gračan, R., Grau, A., & Catanese, G. (2020). An emergency situation for pen shells in the Mediterranean: The Adriatic Sea, one of the last Pinna nobilis shelters, is now affected by a mass mortality event. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 173, 107388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107388
  • De Wit, R. (2011). Biodiversity of coastal lagoon ecosystems and their vulnerability to global change. Ecosystems Biodiversity. 29–40 pp. https://doi.org/10.5772/24995
  • Donato, G., Lunetta, A., Spinelli, A., Catanese, G., & Giacobbe, S. (2023). Sanctuaries are not inviolable: Haplosporidium pinnae as responsible for the collapse of the Pinna nobilis population in Lake Faro (central Mediterranean). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 201, 108014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2023.108014
  • Foulquie, M., Coupe, S., Vicente, N., & Bunet, R. (2023). First detection of Pinna nobilis infection by Haplosporidium pinnae in the sanctuary area of Thau lagoon, France. Mediterranean Marine Science, 24, 569–573. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.32300
  • García-March, J.R., Tena-Medialdea, J., Henandis, S., Vázquez-Luis, M., López, D., Téllez, C., Prado, P., Navas, J.I., Bernal, J., Catanese, G., Grau, A., López-Sanmartín, M., Nebot-Colomer, E., Ortega, A., Planes, S., Kersting, D., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, S.V., Hendriks, I.E., Moreno, D., ……..& Deudero, S. (2020). Can we save a marine species affected by a highly infective, highly lethal, waterborne disease from extinction? Biological Conservation, 243, 108498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108498
  • Giménez-Casalduero, F., Gomariz-Castillo, F., Alonso-Sarría, F., Cortés, E., Izquierdo-Muñoz, A., & Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2020). Pinna nobilis in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon: a story of colonization and uncertainty. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 652, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13468
  • Grau, A., Villalba, A., Navas, J.I., Hansjosten, B., Valencia, J.M., García-March, J.R., Prado, P., Follana-Berná, G., Morage, T., Vázquez-Luis, M., Álvarez, E., Katharios, P., Pavloudi, C., Nebot-Colomer, E., Tena-Medialdea, J., Lopez-Sanmartín, M., Peyran, C., Čižmek, H., Sarafidou, G., ……..& Catanese, G. (2022). Wide-geographic and long-term analysis of the role of pathogens in the decline of Pinna nobilis to critically endangered species. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 666640. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.666640
  • Hastie, T.J., & Tibshirani, R.J. (1990). Generalized Additive Models. Routledge: London, England. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203753781
  • Ilicak, M., Federico, I., Barletta, I., Mutlu, S., Karan, H., Ciliberti, S.A., Clementi, E., Coppini, G., & Pinardi, N. (2021). Modeling of the Turkish Strait System using a high resolution unstructured grid ocean circulation model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9, 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070769
  • Karadurmuş, U., & Sarı, M. (2022). The last hope: the struggle for survival of fan mussels in the Gulf of Erdek, Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 23, 473–483. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.28474
  • Karadurmuş, U., Benli, T., & Sarı, M. (2024). Discovering new living Pinna nobilis populations in the Sea of Marmara. Marine Biology, 171, 90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04416-3
  • Karadurmuş, U., Ertürk Gürkan, S., Gürkan, M., Künili, İ.E., Turgay, E., & Sarı, M. (2025). Health assessment of fan mussels in the southern part of the Sea of Marmara. Mediterranean Marine Science, 26, 3. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.38406
  • Katsanevakis, S. (2007). Growth and mortality rates of the fan mussel Pinna nobilis in Lake Vouliagmeni (Korinthiakos Gulf, Greece): A generalized additive modelling approach. Marine Biology, 152, 1319-1331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0781-2
  • Katsanevakis, S., Carella, F., Çınar, M.E., Cizmek, H., Jimenez, C., Kersting, D.K., Moreno, D., Rabaoui, L., & Vicente, N. (2021). The fan mussel Pinna nobilis on the brink of extinction in the Mediterranean. Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821139-7.00070-2
  • Kersting, D., Benabdi, M., Čižmek, H., Grau, A., Jimenez, C., Katsanevakis, S., Öztürk, B., Tuncer, S., Tunesi, L., Vázquez-Luis, M., Vicente, N., & Otero Villanueva, M. (2019). Pinna nobilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T160075998A160081499. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019 3.RLTS.T160075998A160081499.en (Accessed 15 May 2025).
  • Künili, İ.E., Gürkan, S.E., Aksu, A., Turgay, E., Çakır, F., Gürkan, M., & Altinağaç, U. (2021). Mass mortality in endangered fan mussels Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) caused by co-infection of Haplosporidium pinnae and multiple Vibrio infection in Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Biomarkers, 26, 450–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750x.2021.1910344
  • Labidi, S., Vázquez-Luis, M., Catanese, G., Grau, A., Khammassi, M., Beb Youssef, S., & Achouri, M.S. (2023). First detection of the invasive protozoan Haplosporidium pinnae in the critically endangered bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Southern Mediterranean Sea (Bizerte Lagoon, Tunis) and update of its current status. Mediterranean Marine Science, 24, 470–481. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.31664
  • Martínez-Martínez, P., Alonso-Sarría, F., Gomariz-Castillo, F., Reñé-Sánchez, E., Cortés-Melendreras, E., Fernández-Torquemada, Y., & Giménez-Casalduero, F. (2024). Looking for the surviving optimal areas for the threatened species Pinna nobilis in a highly anthropized coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, SE Spain). Ocean & Coastal Management, 255, 107265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107265
  • Nebot-Colomer, E., Álvarez, E., Belando, M.D., Deudero, S., Catanese, G., Bernardeau-Esteller, J., García-Muñoz, R., Ramos-Segura, A., Ruiz, J.M., & Vázquez-Luis, M. (2022). Living under threat: Will one of the last Pinna nobilis populations be able to survive? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 32, 1 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3738
  • Nebot-Colomer, E., Hernandis, S., Mourre, B., Fraile-Nuez, E., Álvarez, E., Deudero, S., Albentosa, M., & Vázquez-Luis, M. (2024). No recruits for an ageing population: First signs of probable population extinction in one of the last reservoirs of the critically endangered species Pinna nobilis. Journal for Nature Conservation, 79, 126600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126600
  • Nikolaou, A., Papadimitriou, E., Kiourani, E., & Katsanevakis, S. (2024). Pinna nobilis refugia breached: Ongoing mass mortality event in the Gulf of Kalloni (Aegean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 25, 747–752. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.38613
  • Öndes, F., Alan, V., Akçalı, B., & Güçlüsoy, H. (2020). Mass mortality of the fan mussel, Pinna nobilis in Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 41, e12607. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12607
  • Papadakis, O., Mamoutos, I., Ramfos, A., Catanese, G., Papadimitriou, E., Theodorou, J.A., Batargias, C., Papaioannou, C., Kamilari, M., Tragou, E., Zervakis, V., & Katsanevakis, S. (2023). Status, distribution, and threats of the last surviving fan mussel populations in Greece. Mediterranean Marine Science, 24, 679–708. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.35384
  • Prado, P., Grau, A., Catanese, G., Cabanes, P., Carella, F., Fernández-Tejedor, M., Andree, K.B., Añón, T., Hernandis, S., Tena, J., & García-March, J.R., (2021). Pinna nobilis in suboptimal environments are more tolerant to disease but more vulnerable to severe weather phenomena. Marine Environmental Research, 163, 105220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105220
  • Prado, P., Lopez, M.A., Cermeno, P., Bertomeu, F., García-March, J.R., Hernandis, S., Tena-Medialdea, J., Cortes, E., & Gimenez-Casalduero, F. (2022). Point pattern analysis as a tool for assessing disease spread and population features in remaining sanctuaries of the critically endangered bivalve Pinna nobilis. Journal for Nature Conservation, 68, 126221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126221
  • Sannino, G., Sözer, A., & Özsoy, E. (2017). A high-resolution modelling study of the Turkish Straits System. Ocean Dynamics, 67, 397–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-017-1039-2
  • Stashchuk, N., & Hutter, K. (2001). Modelling of water exchange through the Strait of the Dardanelles. Continental Shelf Research, 21, 1361–1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00017-6
  • Theodorou, H.A., James, R., Tagalis, D., Tzovenis, I., Hellio, C., & Katselis, G. (2017). Density and size structure of the endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758), in the shallow water zone of Maliakos Gulf, Greece. Acta Adriatica: International Journal of Marine Sciences, 58, 63-76. https://doi.org/10.32582/aa.58.1.5
  • Türkoğlu, M., Baba, A., & Özcan, H. (2006). Determination and evaluation of some physicochemical parameters in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait, Turkey) using multiple probe system and geographic information system. Hydrology Research, 37, 293 301. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2006.012
  • Ünlülata, Ü., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A., & Özsoy, E. (1990). On the physical oceanography of the Turkish Straits. In L.J. Pratt (Ed.), The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits; 318, 25-60. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0677-8_2
  • Vafidis, D., Antoniadou, C., Voultsiadou, E., & Chintiroglou, C. (2014). Population structure of the protected fan mussel Pinna nobilis in the south Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biological Associationof the United Kingdom, 94, 787 796. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001902
  • Vázquez-Luis, M., Álvarez, E., Barrajón, A., García-March, J.R., Grau, A., Hendriks, I.E., Jiménez, S., Kersting, D., Moreno, D., Pérez, M., Ruiz, J.M., Sánchez, J., Villalba, A., & Deudero, S. (2017). S.O.S. Pinna nobilis: A mass mortality event in western Mediterranean Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00220
  • Zotou, M., Gkrantounis, P., Karadimou, E., Tsirintanis, K., Sini, M., Poursanidis, D., Azzolin, M., Dailianis, T., Kytinou, E., Issaris, Y., Gerakaris, V., Salomidi, M., Lardi, P., Ramfos, A., Akrivos, V., Spinos, E., Dimitriadis, C., Papageorgiou, D., Lattos, A., Giantsis, I.A., Michaelidis, B.,Vassilopoulou, V., Miliou, A., & Katsanevakis, S. (2020). Pinna nobilis in the greek seas (NE Mediterranean): On the brink of extinction? Mediterranean Marine Science, 21, 558 574. https://doi.org/10.12681/MMS.23777
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Uğur Karadurmuş 0000-0002-5827-0404

Mustafa Sarı 0000-0003-2733-3254

Mustafa Akkuş 0000-0002-8900-9495

Proje Numarası MAR-PİNA
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karadurmuş, U., Sarı, M., & Akkuş, M. (2025). A critical transition zone for fan mussels (Pinna nobilis): The Dardanelles as a barrier against mass mortality. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(3), 201-212.