BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The protective effect of calcium on aluminum toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus tissues.

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 41 - 47, 01.03.2012

Hikmet Y. Çoğun Gönül Uras

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Ali, B.A., Al-Ogaily, S. M., Al-Asgah, N.A., Gropp, J. 2003. Effect of sublethal concentrations of copper on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19:183-188. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00440.x
  • Allen, P. 1994. Mercury accumulation profiles and their modification by interaction with cadmium and lead in the soft tissues of the cichlid Oreochromis aureus during chronic exposure. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53:684–692. doi:10.1007/BF00196940
  • Amiard, J.C., Amiard-Triquet, C., Berthet, B., Métayer, C. 1987. Comparative study of the patterns of bioaccumulation of essential (Cu, Zn) and non- essential (Cd, Pb) trace metals in various estuarine and coastal organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 106:73- 89. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(87)90148-1
  • Baden, S.P., Eriksson, S.P., Gerhardt, L. 1999. Accumulation and elimination kinetics of manganese from different tissues of the Norway Lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.). Aquatic Toxicology, 46:127-137. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00123-4
  • Baldisserotto, B., Kamunde, C., Matsuo, A., Wood, C.M. 2004. Acute waterborne cadmium uptake in rainbow trout is reduced by dietary calcium carbonate. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 137:363-372.
  • Barcarolli, I.F., Martinez, C.B.R. 2004. Effects of aluminium in acidic water on hematological and physiological parameters of the neotropical fish Leporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72:639-646. doi:10.1007/s00128-004-0291-6
  • Barron, M.G., Albeke, S. 2000. Calcium control of zine uptake in rainbow trout. Aquatic Toxicology, 50:257-264. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00099-5
  • Berntssen, M.H.G., Waagbo, R., Toften, H., Lundebye, A.K. 2003. Effects of dietary cadmium on calcium homeostasis, Ca mobilization and bone deformities in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Parr. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9:175-183. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00245.x
  • Brodeur, J.C., Okland, F., Finstand, B., Dixon, D.G., Mc Kinley, R.S. 2001. Effects of subchronic exposure to aluminum in acidic water o bioenergetics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 49:226-234. doi:10.1006/eesa.2001.2054
  • Buckley, J.T., Roch, M., McCarter, J.A., Rendell, C.A. and Matheson, A.T. 1982. Chronic exposure of coho salmon to sublethal concentrations of copper-I. Effect on growth, on accumulation and distribution on of copper and on copper tolerance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 72C, 1:15-19.
  • Cinier, C.C., Ramel, M.P., Faure, R., Garin, D., Bouvet, Y. 1999. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 122:345–352.
  • Cicik, B., Erdem, C. 1992. Tilapia nilotica'da bakırın karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki nicel protein derişimlerine etkileri. Biyokimya Dergisi, XVII:51-64.
  • Cogun, H.Y., Kargın, F. 2004. Effects of pH on the mortality and accumulation of copper in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus. Chemosphere, 55:277– 282. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.007
  • Cogun, H.Y., Şahin, M. 2012. Nil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)’da kurşun toksisitesinin azaltılmasında zeolitin etkisi. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1):135-140.
  • Comhaire, S., Blust, R., Gınneken, L.V., Vanderborght, O.L.J. 1994. Cobalt uptake across the gills of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as a Functıon of the calcium concentration in the water of acclimation and exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 109 C, 1:63-76.
  • D'Arcy, P.F. 1985. Aluminium toxicity and the prematüre infant. Pharmaceutical International, 6:190-191.
  • Dickson, W. 1978. Some effects of the acidification of Swedish lakes. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 20:851-856.
  • Dietrich, D., Schlatter, C. 1989. Aluminium toxicity to rainbow trout at low pH. Aquatic Toxicology, 15:197-212. doi:10.1016/0166-445X(89)90036-2
  • Exley, C., Chappell, J.S., Birchall, J.D. 1991. A mechanism for acute aluminum toxicity in fish. The Journal of Theoretical Biology, 151:418- 428. doi:10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80389-3
  • Friedhein, E., Graziano, J.H., Popovac, D., Dragaric, D., Kaul, B. 1978. Treatment of lead poisoning by 2.3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Lancet, 2:1234-1236. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92103-7
  • Gagnon C., Vaillancourt, G., Pazdernik, L. 1998. Influence of water hardness on accumulation and elimination of cadmium in two aquatic mosses under laboratory conditions. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 34(1):12-20. doi:10.1007/s002449900280
  • Galvez, F., Webb, N., Hogstrand, C., Wood, C.M. 1998. Zinc binding to the gills of rainbow torut: the Effect of long term exposure to subletal zinc. The Journal of Fish Biology, 52:1089-1104. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00957.x
  • Glynn, A., Norrgren, L., Malmborg, O. 1992. The influence of calcium and humic substances on aluminium accumulation and toxicity in the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus at low pH. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 102C, 3:427-432.
  • Graziano, J.H., Siris, E.S., LoIacono, N., Silverberg, S.J., Turgeon, L. 1985. 2.3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid as an antidote for lead intoxication. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 37:431-438. doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.67
  • Hardy, R.W., Ve Shearer, K.D. 1985. Effects of dietary calcium phosphate and zinc suplementation on whole body zinc concentration of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:181-184. doi:10.1139/f85-022
  • Heath, A.G., 1987. Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Pres. 24 pp. Florida USA.
  • Hongstrand, C., Reid, S.D., Wood, C.M. 1995. Ca+2 versus Zn+2 Transport in the gills of fresh water rainbow trout and the cost of adaptation to waterborne Zn+2. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 198:337-348.
  • Hongstrand, C., Webb, N., Wood, C.M. 1998. Covariation in in hard and soft water. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45:2206- 2215.
  • Hollis, L., Mc Geer, J.C., Mcdonald, D.G., Wood, C.M. 2000. Effects of long term subletal Cd exposure in rainbow trout during soft water exposure: implications for biotic ligand modelling. Aquatic Toxicology, 51:93-105. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00099-0
  • Hollis, L., Hogstrand, C., Wood, C. M. 2001. Tissue-specific cadmium accumulation, metallothionein induction, and tissue zinc and copper levels during chronic sublethal Cd exposure in juvenil rainbow trout. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 41:468-474. doi:10.1007/s002440010273
  • Howells, G., Dalziel, T.R.K., Reader, J.P., Solbe, J.F. 1994. Aluminum and fresh waterfish water quality criteria. Howells, G. (Ed) Water quality for freshwater fish. Gordon and Breach Science Publication, pp. 55-115.
  • Hunn, J.B. 1985. Role of calcium in gill function in freshwater fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 82A, 543-547. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90430-X
  • James, R., Sampath, K., Selvamani, P. 1998. Effect of EDTA on reduction of copper toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60:487-493. doi:10.1007/s001289900651
  • Kargın, F. 1998. Metal concentrations in tussues of the freshwater fish Capoeta barroisi from the Seyhan River (Turkey). Water Air and Soil Pollution, 60(5):822-828.
  • Koivistoinen, P. 1980. Mineral element composition of Finnish foods: N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and ash. Acta Argiculture Scandinavica, 22:171-175.
  • Klavassen, C.D. 1985. Heavy metals and heavy metals antagonist. Gilman, A.G., Goddman, L.S., Rail, T.W., Murad, F. (Eds). The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. pp. 1605-1627, Mc Millan, New York, USA.
  • Laitinen, M., Voltonen, T. 1995. Cardiovascular, ventilatoryand haematological responses of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) to the combined effects of acidity and aluminium in humic water at winter temperatures. Aquatic Toxicology, 31:99-112. doi:10.1016/0166-445X(94)00060-4
  • Riget, F., Dietz, R., Johansen, P. 1997. Zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Greenland fish. Meddelelser om Grİnland Bioscience, 48:1-29.
  • Rohlf, J.F., Sokal, R.R. 1969. Statistical Tables. W. H. Fremon and Company, San Francisco. 253 pp.
  • Romeo, M., Bennani, N., Gnassia-Barelli, M., Lafaurie, M., Girard, J.P. 2000. Cadmium and copper display different responses towards oxidative stres in the kidney of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquatic Toxicology, 48:185-194. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00039-9
  • Schulz - Baides, M. 1974. Lead uptake from the sea water and food, and lead loss in the common Mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biology, 25:177-193. doi:10.1007/BF00394964
  • Sedman, A., Bozynski, M., Karra, M., Chan, J. 1985. Risk factors for aluminum (A1) toxicity in childhood. The International Pediatric Nephrology, 3C:134.
  • Simon, C.M. 1981. Design and operations of a large scale commercical penaeid shrimp hatchery. Journal of the World Mariculture Society, 12:322-334. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1981.tb00305.x
  • Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, J.F. 1969. “Biometry” W. H. And Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 776 pp.
  • Spry, D.J., Wood, C.M. 1998. Zinc influx across the isolated,perfused head preparation of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in hard and soft water. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45:2206-2215. doi:10.1139/f88-257
  • Suresh, A., Sivaramakrishna, B., Radhakrishnaiah, K. 1995. Cadmium induced changes in ion levels and ATPase activities in the muscle of the fry and fingerlings of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. Chemosphere, 30(2):365-375. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)00403-H
  • Tao, S., Liu, C., Dawson, R., Cao, J., Li, B. 1999. Uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (Carassius auratus). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37:352-357. doi:10.1007/s002449900524
  • Thomas, D.G., Brown, M.W., Shurben, D., Solbe, J.F.D.G., Cryer, A., Kay, J. 1985. A comparison of the sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the tissues of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Following exposure to the metals singly or in combination. Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology, 82:55-62.
  • Tort, L., Torres, P., Flos, R. 1987. Effects on dogfish haematology and liver composition after acute copper exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 87C(2):349-353.
  • Tulasi, S.J., Reddy, P.U., Rao, J.V.R. 1992. Accumulation of lead and effects on total lipids and lipid derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudines. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 23:33-38. doi:10.1016/0147-6513(92)90019-Y
  • Viarengo, A. 1985. Biochemical effects of trace metals. Marine Pollution Bulletion, 16(4):153-158. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(85)90006-2
  • Vuorinen, P.J., Keinänen, M., Peuranen, S., Tigerstedt, C. 2003. Reproduction, blood and plasma parameters and gill histology of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) in long-term exposure to acidity and aluminum. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 54(3):255-276. doi:10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00078-7
  • Waring, C.P. Brown, I.A. Collins, J.E., Prunet, P. 1996. Plasma prolactin, cotisol, and thyroid responses of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to lethal and sublethal aluminum in acidic soft waters. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 102:377-385. doi:10.1006/gcen.1996.0081
  • Wood, C.M. 1988. Acid-base and ionic exchanges at gills and kidney after exhaustive exercises in the rainbow trout. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 136:461-481.
  • Wood, C.M. 2001. Toxic responses of the gill. Schlenk, D., Benson, W.H. (Eds), Target organ toxicity in marine and freshwater teleost. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 1-87.
  • Wurtz, W.A., Perschbacher, P.W., 1994. Effects of bicarbonate alkalinity and calcium on the acute toxicity of copper to juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 125:73-79. 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90284-4

Oreochromis niloticus dokularında alüminyum toksisitesi üzerine kalsiyumun koruyucu etkisi.

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 41 - 47, 01.03.2012

Hikmet Y. Çoğun Gönül Uras

Öz

Çalışmamızda, kalsiyumun Oreochromis niloticus’un kas, karaciğer, solungaç ve böbrek dokularında alüminyum birikimi üzerine engelleyici etkileri incelenmiştir. Balıklar 7, 14 ve 21 gün sürelerle 0.1 mg lt-1 Al, 0.1 mg lt-1 Al+0.1 mg lt-1 Ca, 0.1 mg lt-1 Al+1.0 mg lt-1 Ca ve 1.0 mg lt-1 Al, 1.0 mg lt-1 Al+1.0 mg lt-1Ca ve 1.0 mg lt Al+10.0 mg lt-1 Ca karışımının etkisine bırakılmıştır. Dokularda alüminyum birikimi ICP-MS ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan dokularda en yüksek alüminyum birikimi böbrek dokusunda oluşmuş, bunu solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokusu izlemiştir. Etkide kalınan tüm sürelerde O. niloticus’un dokularında alüminyum birikimi kalsiyum varlığında azalmıştır. Denenen tüm karışımlarda (Al+Ca) O. niloticus’un böbrek, solungaç ve karaciğer dokularında alüminyum birikimini önemli ölçüde engellemiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alüminyum Kalsiyum Birikim Oreochromis niloticus

Kaynakça

  • Ali, B.A., Al-Ogaily, S. M., Al-Asgah, N.A., Gropp, J. 2003. Effect of sublethal concentrations of copper on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19:183-188. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00440.x
  • Allen, P. 1994. Mercury accumulation profiles and their modification by interaction with cadmium and lead in the soft tissues of the cichlid Oreochromis aureus during chronic exposure. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53:684–692. doi:10.1007/BF00196940
  • Amiard, J.C., Amiard-Triquet, C., Berthet, B., Métayer, C. 1987. Comparative study of the patterns of bioaccumulation of essential (Cu, Zn) and non- essential (Cd, Pb) trace metals in various estuarine and coastal organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 106:73- 89. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(87)90148-1
  • Baden, S.P., Eriksson, S.P., Gerhardt, L. 1999. Accumulation and elimination kinetics of manganese from different tissues of the Norway Lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.). Aquatic Toxicology, 46:127-137. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00123-4
  • Baldisserotto, B., Kamunde, C., Matsuo, A., Wood, C.M. 2004. Acute waterborne cadmium uptake in rainbow trout is reduced by dietary calcium carbonate. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 137:363-372.
  • Barcarolli, I.F., Martinez, C.B.R. 2004. Effects of aluminium in acidic water on hematological and physiological parameters of the neotropical fish Leporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72:639-646. doi:10.1007/s00128-004-0291-6
  • Barron, M.G., Albeke, S. 2000. Calcium control of zine uptake in rainbow trout. Aquatic Toxicology, 50:257-264. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00099-5
  • Berntssen, M.H.G., Waagbo, R., Toften, H., Lundebye, A.K. 2003. Effects of dietary cadmium on calcium homeostasis, Ca mobilization and bone deformities in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Parr. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9:175-183. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00245.x
  • Brodeur, J.C., Okland, F., Finstand, B., Dixon, D.G., Mc Kinley, R.S. 2001. Effects of subchronic exposure to aluminum in acidic water o bioenergetics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 49:226-234. doi:10.1006/eesa.2001.2054
  • Buckley, J.T., Roch, M., McCarter, J.A., Rendell, C.A. and Matheson, A.T. 1982. Chronic exposure of coho salmon to sublethal concentrations of copper-I. Effect on growth, on accumulation and distribution on of copper and on copper tolerance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 72C, 1:15-19.
  • Cinier, C.C., Ramel, M.P., Faure, R., Garin, D., Bouvet, Y. 1999. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 122:345–352.
  • Cicik, B., Erdem, C. 1992. Tilapia nilotica'da bakırın karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki nicel protein derişimlerine etkileri. Biyokimya Dergisi, XVII:51-64.
  • Cogun, H.Y., Kargın, F. 2004. Effects of pH on the mortality and accumulation of copper in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus. Chemosphere, 55:277– 282. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.007
  • Cogun, H.Y., Şahin, M. 2012. Nil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)’da kurşun toksisitesinin azaltılmasında zeolitin etkisi. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1):135-140.
  • Comhaire, S., Blust, R., Gınneken, L.V., Vanderborght, O.L.J. 1994. Cobalt uptake across the gills of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as a Functıon of the calcium concentration in the water of acclimation and exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 109 C, 1:63-76.
  • D'Arcy, P.F. 1985. Aluminium toxicity and the prematüre infant. Pharmaceutical International, 6:190-191.
  • Dickson, W. 1978. Some effects of the acidification of Swedish lakes. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 20:851-856.
  • Dietrich, D., Schlatter, C. 1989. Aluminium toxicity to rainbow trout at low pH. Aquatic Toxicology, 15:197-212. doi:10.1016/0166-445X(89)90036-2
  • Exley, C., Chappell, J.S., Birchall, J.D. 1991. A mechanism for acute aluminum toxicity in fish. The Journal of Theoretical Biology, 151:418- 428. doi:10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80389-3
  • Friedhein, E., Graziano, J.H., Popovac, D., Dragaric, D., Kaul, B. 1978. Treatment of lead poisoning by 2.3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Lancet, 2:1234-1236. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92103-7
  • Gagnon C., Vaillancourt, G., Pazdernik, L. 1998. Influence of water hardness on accumulation and elimination of cadmium in two aquatic mosses under laboratory conditions. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 34(1):12-20. doi:10.1007/s002449900280
  • Galvez, F., Webb, N., Hogstrand, C., Wood, C.M. 1998. Zinc binding to the gills of rainbow torut: the Effect of long term exposure to subletal zinc. The Journal of Fish Biology, 52:1089-1104. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00957.x
  • Glynn, A., Norrgren, L., Malmborg, O. 1992. The influence of calcium and humic substances on aluminium accumulation and toxicity in the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus at low pH. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 102C, 3:427-432.
  • Graziano, J.H., Siris, E.S., LoIacono, N., Silverberg, S.J., Turgeon, L. 1985. 2.3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid as an antidote for lead intoxication. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 37:431-438. doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.67
  • Hardy, R.W., Ve Shearer, K.D. 1985. Effects of dietary calcium phosphate and zinc suplementation on whole body zinc concentration of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:181-184. doi:10.1139/f85-022
  • Heath, A.G., 1987. Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Pres. 24 pp. Florida USA.
  • Hongstrand, C., Reid, S.D., Wood, C.M. 1995. Ca+2 versus Zn+2 Transport in the gills of fresh water rainbow trout and the cost of adaptation to waterborne Zn+2. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 198:337-348.
  • Hongstrand, C., Webb, N., Wood, C.M. 1998. Covariation in in hard and soft water. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45:2206- 2215.
  • Hollis, L., Mc Geer, J.C., Mcdonald, D.G., Wood, C.M. 2000. Effects of long term subletal Cd exposure in rainbow trout during soft water exposure: implications for biotic ligand modelling. Aquatic Toxicology, 51:93-105. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00099-0
  • Hollis, L., Hogstrand, C., Wood, C. M. 2001. Tissue-specific cadmium accumulation, metallothionein induction, and tissue zinc and copper levels during chronic sublethal Cd exposure in juvenil rainbow trout. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 41:468-474. doi:10.1007/s002440010273
  • Howells, G., Dalziel, T.R.K., Reader, J.P., Solbe, J.F. 1994. Aluminum and fresh waterfish water quality criteria. Howells, G. (Ed) Water quality for freshwater fish. Gordon and Breach Science Publication, pp. 55-115.
  • Hunn, J.B. 1985. Role of calcium in gill function in freshwater fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 82A, 543-547. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90430-X
  • James, R., Sampath, K., Selvamani, P. 1998. Effect of EDTA on reduction of copper toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60:487-493. doi:10.1007/s001289900651
  • Kargın, F. 1998. Metal concentrations in tussues of the freshwater fish Capoeta barroisi from the Seyhan River (Turkey). Water Air and Soil Pollution, 60(5):822-828.
  • Koivistoinen, P. 1980. Mineral element composition of Finnish foods: N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and ash. Acta Argiculture Scandinavica, 22:171-175.
  • Klavassen, C.D. 1985. Heavy metals and heavy metals antagonist. Gilman, A.G., Goddman, L.S., Rail, T.W., Murad, F. (Eds). The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. pp. 1605-1627, Mc Millan, New York, USA.
  • Laitinen, M., Voltonen, T. 1995. Cardiovascular, ventilatoryand haematological responses of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) to the combined effects of acidity and aluminium in humic water at winter temperatures. Aquatic Toxicology, 31:99-112. doi:10.1016/0166-445X(94)00060-4
  • Riget, F., Dietz, R., Johansen, P. 1997. Zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Greenland fish. Meddelelser om Grİnland Bioscience, 48:1-29.
  • Rohlf, J.F., Sokal, R.R. 1969. Statistical Tables. W. H. Fremon and Company, San Francisco. 253 pp.
  • Romeo, M., Bennani, N., Gnassia-Barelli, M., Lafaurie, M., Girard, J.P. 2000. Cadmium and copper display different responses towards oxidative stres in the kidney of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquatic Toxicology, 48:185-194. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00039-9
  • Schulz - Baides, M. 1974. Lead uptake from the sea water and food, and lead loss in the common Mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biology, 25:177-193. doi:10.1007/BF00394964
  • Sedman, A., Bozynski, M., Karra, M., Chan, J. 1985. Risk factors for aluminum (A1) toxicity in childhood. The International Pediatric Nephrology, 3C:134.
  • Simon, C.M. 1981. Design and operations of a large scale commercical penaeid shrimp hatchery. Journal of the World Mariculture Society, 12:322-334. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1981.tb00305.x
  • Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, J.F. 1969. “Biometry” W. H. And Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 776 pp.
  • Spry, D.J., Wood, C.M. 1998. Zinc influx across the isolated,perfused head preparation of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in hard and soft water. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45:2206-2215. doi:10.1139/f88-257
  • Suresh, A., Sivaramakrishna, B., Radhakrishnaiah, K. 1995. Cadmium induced changes in ion levels and ATPase activities in the muscle of the fry and fingerlings of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. Chemosphere, 30(2):365-375. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)00403-H
  • Tao, S., Liu, C., Dawson, R., Cao, J., Li, B. 1999. Uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (Carassius auratus). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37:352-357. doi:10.1007/s002449900524
  • Thomas, D.G., Brown, M.W., Shurben, D., Solbe, J.F.D.G., Cryer, A., Kay, J. 1985. A comparison of the sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the tissues of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Following exposure to the metals singly or in combination. Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology, 82:55-62.
  • Tort, L., Torres, P., Flos, R. 1987. Effects on dogfish haematology and liver composition after acute copper exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 87C(2):349-353.
  • Tulasi, S.J., Reddy, P.U., Rao, J.V.R. 1992. Accumulation of lead and effects on total lipids and lipid derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudines. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 23:33-38. doi:10.1016/0147-6513(92)90019-Y
  • Viarengo, A. 1985. Biochemical effects of trace metals. Marine Pollution Bulletion, 16(4):153-158. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(85)90006-2
  • Vuorinen, P.J., Keinänen, M., Peuranen, S., Tigerstedt, C. 2003. Reproduction, blood and plasma parameters and gill histology of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) in long-term exposure to acidity and aluminum. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 54(3):255-276. doi:10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00078-7
  • Waring, C.P. Brown, I.A. Collins, J.E., Prunet, P. 1996. Plasma prolactin, cotisol, and thyroid responses of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to lethal and sublethal aluminum in acidic soft waters. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 102:377-385. doi:10.1006/gcen.1996.0081
  • Wood, C.M. 1988. Acid-base and ionic exchanges at gills and kidney after exhaustive exercises in the rainbow trout. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 136:461-481.
  • Wood, C.M. 2001. Toxic responses of the gill. Schlenk, D., Benson, W.H. (Eds), Target organ toxicity in marine and freshwater teleost. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 1-87.
  • Wurtz, W.A., Perschbacher, P.W., 1994. Effects of bicarbonate alkalinity and calcium on the acute toxicity of copper to juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 125:73-79. 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90284-4
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hikmet Y. Çoğun

Gönül Uras

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çoğun, H. Y. ., & Uras, G. . (2012). Oreochromis niloticus dokularında alüminyum toksisitesi üzerine kalsiyumun koruyucu etkisi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 29(1), 41-47.