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Althaea officinalis katkısının gökkuşağı alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansı ve antioksidan, stres ve bağışıklık ile ilgili gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 256 - 262, 10.09.2025

Boran Karataş , Doğukan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.3.08

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, başlangıç ortalama canlı ağırlığı 2,48 ± 0,01 g olan gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Althaea officinalis ekstraktının büyüme performansı, antioksidan savunma, stres ve bağışıklıkla ilişkili gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla 42 günlük bir besleme denemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, biri bazal kontrol diyeti (C) ve diğer ikisi farklı düzeylerde A. officinalis ekstraktı içeren (AO1: 1 g kg⁻¹, AO2: 2 g kg⁻¹) olmak üzere üç deneysel diyet formüle edilmiştir. Büyüme parametreleri, A. officinalis takviyesi yapılan gruplarda kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde artış göstermiştir (P < 0,05). Antioksidan enzimlerden süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) genlerinin ekspresyon düzeyleri, takviye edilen gruplarda anlamlı şekilde yükselmiştir (P < 0,05). Ayrıca, stres ve bağışıklıkla ilişkili genler olan interlökin-1β (IL-1β), tümör nekroz faktör-alfa (TNF-α), interlökin-8 (IL-8) ve ısı şok proteini 70 (HSP-70) genlerinin ekspresyon düzeyleri de A. officinalis ekstraktı ilavesiyle anlamlı şekilde etkilenmiştir (P < 0,05). Genel olarak, bu bulgular A. officinalis ekstraktı içeren diyetlerin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında antioksidan kapasiteyi artırabileceğini, stres ve bağışıklıkla ilişkili gen ekspresyonunu düzenleyebileceğini ve sağlıklı büyümeyi destekleyebileceğini deneysel olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yararlı etkiler, antioksidan ve immünomodülatör özellikleriyle bilinen A. officinalis'te bulunan flavonoidler ve fenolik bileşiklerin varlığına bağlanabilir.

Keywords

Tıbbi bitki bağışıklık gen ifadesi büyüme antioksidan

References

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Effects of Althaea officinalis supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant, stress, and immune-related gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 256 - 262, 10.09.2025

Boran Karataş , Doğukan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.3.08

Abstract

In this study, a 42-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Althaea officinalis extract on growth performance, antioxidant defense, stress-associated, and immune-related gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an initial average body weight of 2.48 ± 0.01 g. Three experimental diets were formulated: a basal control diet (C) and two diets supplemented with different levels of A. officinalis extract (AO1, 1 g kg-1 and AO2, 2 g kg-1). Growth indices showed significant improvements in both A. officinalis supplemented groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05). Gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly elevated in the supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of stress, and immune-related genes, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), was also significantly influenced by dietary inclusion of A. officinalis extract (P < 0.05). Overall, these findings provide experimental evidence that dietary inclusion of A. officinalis extract enhances antioxidant capacity, modulates stress and immune-related gene expression, and promotes healthy growth in rainbow trout. These beneficial effects may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in A. officinalis, which are known for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.

Keywords

Medicinal plant immunity gene expression growth antioxidant

Ethical Statement

The experiment was approved by the Local Ethics Committee for Aquatic Vertebrates at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University (Protocol No: 2025/08) and was conducted in accordance with standard ethical guidelines.

Supporting Institution

This study did not receive any financial support, grant, or assistance from any public, commercial, or nonprofit funding organization.

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  • Awad, E., Mitchell, W.J., & Austin, B. (2011). Effect of dietary supplements on cytokine gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases, 34(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01271.x
  • Aydın, A., Kaya, D., Karataş, B., & Guroy, D. (2025). Dietary inclusion of curry plant (Helichrysum italicum) extract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture: Growth performance and gene expression related to digestion, antioxidant, and immune responses. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 56(3), e70022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70022
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  • Banaee, M., Fallahpour, F., Soleimany, V., & Haghi, B. N. (2016). Preclinical toxicity and safety evaluation of Althaea officinalis L. extract as naturopathic medicine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Hematological and biochemical study. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 28(2), 92-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2016.1172285
  • Banaee, M., Soleimany, V., & Haghi, B. N. (2017). Therapeutic effects of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) extract on plasma biochemical parameters of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. In Veterinary Research Forum, 8(2), 145-153.
  • Barad, R.R., Verma, D.K., Yusufzai, S.I., Shrivastava, V., & Ram, A. R. (2024). Herbal feed additives: natural boost for aquatic health and growth. In sustainable feed ingredients and additives for aquaculture farming: perspectives from Africa and Asia (pp. 405-431). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4279-0_18
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  • Bonaterra, G.A., Bronischewski, K., Hunold, P., Schwarzbach, H., Heinrich, E.U., Fink, C., Aziz-Kalbhenn, H., Müller, J., & Kinscherf, R. (2020). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Phytohustil® and root extract of Althaea officinalis L. on macrophages in vitro. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 290. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00290
  • Boyd, C.E., McNevin, A.A., & Davis, R.P. (2022). The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply. Food Security, 14(3), 805-827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9
  • Cecchini, S., Paciolla, M., Biffali, E., Borra, M., Ursini, M.V, & Lioi, M.B. (2013). Ontogenetic profile of innate immune related genes and their tissue-specific expression in brown trout, Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 35(3), 988 992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.026
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  • Elumalai, P., Kurian, A., Lakshmi, S., Faggio, C., Esteban, M. A., & Ringø, E. (2020). Herbal immunomodulators in aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 29(1), 33 57. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1779651
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  • Hosseini Shekarabi, S.P., Mostafavi, Z.S., Mehrgan, M.S., & Islami, H.R. (2021). Dietary supplementation with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract provides immunostimulation and resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 118, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.004
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pisciculture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Boran Karataş 0000-0003-4353-1293

Doğukan Kaya 0000-0002-8832-5496

Early Pub Date September 1, 2025
Publication Date September 10, 2025
Submission Date July 17, 2025
Acceptance Date August 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 42 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karataş, B., & Kaya, D. (2025). Effects of Althaea officinalis supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant, stress, and immune-related gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(3), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.3.08