Karyotype, C-band and NOR phenotype of Anatolian endemic fish Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)

Sevgi Ünal Karakuş; Muhammet Gaffaroglu

doi:10.12714/egejfas.38.3.07

EN

Karyotype, C-band and NOR phenotype of Anatolian endemic fish Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)

Abstract

The karyotype and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of Anatolian leuciscine endemic to Lake Beysehir, Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) were analyzed respectively using conventional Giemsa-staining, C-banding and Ag-impregnation. Diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50 and karyotype consisted of 7 pairs of metacentric, 13 pairs of submetacentric, 5 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes, NF value equaled 90. Heteromorphic elements indicating sex chromosomes were not detected. C-banding revealed clear pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin blocks in several chromosomes. Ag-impregnation revealed the size heteromorphism of NORs that covered almost the entire short arms of the middle-sized submetacentric chromosome pair. The karyotype pattern and simple NOR phenotype of S. anatolicus are nearly identical with that found not only in Squalius species analyzed to date but also in many other representatives of the Eurasian leuciscine cyprinids, which indicates remarkable chromosome stasis in this leuciscid lineage.

Keywords

References

Al-Sabti, K. (1986). Karyotypes of Cyprinus carpio and Leuciscus cephalus. Cytobios, 47, 19-25.
Amemiya, C. T. & Gold, J. R. (1990). Chromosomal NOR phenotypes of seven species of North American Cyprinidae, with comments on cytosystematic relationships of the Notropis volucellus species-group, Opsopoeodus emiliae, and the genus Pteronotropis. Copeia, 1, 68-78. DOI: 10.2307/1445823
Aydogdu, A., Keskin, N., Erk’akan, F. & Innal, D. (2015). Occurrence of helminth parasites in the Turkish endemic fish, Squalius anatolicus (Cyprinidae). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 35(5), 185-191.
Bianco, P. G., Aprea, G., Balletto, E., Capriglione, T., Fulgione, D. & Odierna, G. (2004). The karyology of the cyprinid genera Scardinius and Rutilus in southern Europe. Ichthyological Research, 51(3), 274-278. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-004-0221-y
Bogutskaya, N. G. (1997). Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. Part 2. An annotated check-list of leuciscine fishes (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae) of Turkey with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 94, 161-186.
Boron, A., Porycka, K., Ito, D., Abe, S. & Kirtiklis, L. (2009). Comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis of three Leuciscus species (Pisces, Cyprinidae) using chromosome banding and FISH with rDNA. Genetica, 135(2), 199-207. DOI 10.1007/s10709-008-9269-3
Collares-Pereira, M. J. (1992). In vivo direct chromosome preparation (protocol for air drying technique). In First International Workshop on Fish Cytogenetic Techniques 1992 (pp. 14-24). Paris, France: Museum Nat. Histoire Naturelle.
Collares-Pereira, M. J., Propero, M. I., Bileu, R. I. & Rodrigues, E. (1998). Leuciscus (Pisces, Cyprinidae) karyotypes: transect of Porteguese populations. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 21(1), 63-69. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47571998000100011

Çiçek, E., Sungur, S. & Fricke, R. (2020). Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist. Zootaxa, 4809(2), 241-270. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2
Doadrio, I. & Carmona, J. A. (1998). Genetic divergence in Greek populations of the genus Leuciscus and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(3), 591-613. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01004.x
Freyhof J (2014). Squalius anatolicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Alıntılanma adresi: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60732/19007710 (11.03.2021).
Galetti, P. M., Foresti, F., Bertollo, L. A. C. & Moreira, F. O. (1984). Characterization of eight species of Anostomidae (Cypriniformes) fish on the basis of the nucleolar organizing region. Caryologia, 37(4), 401-406. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.1984.10797718
Gromicho, M. & Collares-Pereira, M. J. (2004). Polymorphism of major ribosomal gene chromosomal sites (NOR-phenotypes) in the hybridogenetic fish Squalius alburnoides complex (Cyprinidae) assessed through crossing experiments. Genetica, 122(3), 291-302. DOI: 10.1007/s10709-004-1420-1
Howell, W. M. & Black, D. A. (1980). Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia, 36(8), 1014-1015. DOI: 10.1007/BF01953855
Karasu Ayata, M. (2020). Comparative cytogenetics of two Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 species (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 44(2), 355-360. DOI: 10.1007/s40995-020-00836-0
Levan, A., Fredga, K., & Sandberg, A. A. (1964). Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52(2), 201-220. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
Mazik, E. Y., Toktosunov, A. T. & Gnidenko, S. M. (1986). Comparative karyology of dace (Leuciscus, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from the northern Tien-Shan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 1350-1355.
Nabais, C., Rampin, M. & Collares-Pereira, M. J. (2013). Comparative cytogenetics of two endangered leuciscine fish, Squalius aradensis and S. torgalensis (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), from the Iberian Peninsula. Comparative Cytogenetics, 7(1), 33-42. DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v7i1.4672
Özulug, M. & Freyhof, J. (2011). Revision of the genus Squalius in Western and Central Anatolia, with description of four new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22(2), 107-148.
Pereira, C. S. A., Ráb, P. & Collares-Pereira, M. J. (2013). Chromosomes of Iberian Leuciscinae (Cyprinidae) revisited: evidence of genome restructuring in homoploid hybrids using dual-color FISH and CGH. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 141(2-3), 143-152. DOI: 10.1159/000354582
Rab, P. & Collares-Pereira, M. J. (1995). Chromosomes of European cyprinid fishes (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes): A review. Folia Zoologica, 44, 193-214.
Rossi, A. R., Milana, V., Hett, A. K. & Tancioni, L. (2012). Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the Appenine endemic cyprinid fish Squalius lucumonis and three other Italian leuciscines using chromosome banding and FISH with rDNA probes. Genetica, 140(10), 469-476. DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9695-0
Stoumboudi, M. T., Kottelat, M. & Barbieri, R. (2006). The fishes of the inland waters of Lesbos Island, Greece. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17(2), 129-146.
Sumner, A. T. (1972). A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research, 75, 304-306. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90558-7
Turan, D., Yılmaz, B. T. & Kaya, C. (2009). Squalius kottelati, a new cyprinid species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Orontes River, Turkey. Zootaxa, 2270(1), 53-62. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2270.1.3
Turan, D., Kottelat, M. & Doğan, E. (2013). Two new species of Squalius, S. adanaensis and S. seyhanensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), from the Seyhan River in Turkey. Zootaxa, 3637(3), 308-324. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.3.4
Unal, S. & Gaffaroğlu, M. (2016). Karyology of six cyprinid fishes from Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers in Anatolia. Caryologia, 69(4), 362-369. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2016.1247328
Zardoya, R. & Doadrio, I. (1999). Molecular evidence on the evolutionary and biogeographical patterns of European cyprinids. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 49(2), 227-237. DOI: 10.1007/PL00006545

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Structural Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sevgi Ünal Karakuş ^*
0000-0002-6409-7783
Türkiye

Muhammet Gaffaroglu
0000-0001-7436-5828
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 15, 2021

Submission Date

March 17, 2021

Acceptance Date

April 30, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 38 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.07

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47KP87RY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ünal Karakuş, S., & Gaffaroglu, M. (2021). Karyotype, C-band and NOR phenotype of Anatolian endemic fish Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) (Teleostei, Leuciscidae). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(3), 311-315. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.07

Cited By

Cytogenetic characteristics of endemic Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ and Freyhof, 2011 in Türkiye

Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.1.07