Out-of-season spawning of mountain trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) by artificial photoperiod manipulation

İsa Şen; Ferit Rad

doi:10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.14

TR EN

Yapay fotoperiyot uygulaması ile dağ alabalığından (Salmo macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858) mevsim dışı döl alımı

Öz

Bu çalışmada yapay fotoperiyot uygulamasının 3+ yaşlı Dağ alabalığı (Salmo macrostigma) damızlıklarının üreme dönemi ve kuluçka başarısı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada fotoperiyot grubunu oluşturan balıklar, 01 Şubat – 31 Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında sürekli uzun gün (18A:6K), 01 Hazirandan itibaren ise sürekli kısa gün (8A:16K) uygulamasına tabi tutulmuştur. Kontrol grubunu oluşturan balıklar ise doğal aydınlık-karanlık döngüsüne tabi tutulmuştur. Yapay fotoperiyot döngüsüne tabi tutulan erkek damızlıklardan 15 Ağustos’tan itibaren sperma/süt gözlenirken, dişi balıklardan ilk yumurta alımı 30 Ağustos’ta gerçekleşmiş ve 13 Eylül’de pik noktaya ulaşmıştır. Fotoperiyod uygulaması ile mevsim dışı yumurta veren dişi balıkların ortalama mutlak yumurta verimi 1242,48±382,55 adet/balık, oransal yumurta verimi 1148,76±336,91 adet/kg, ortalama yumurta çapı ise 4,14±0,19 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Sağılan mevsim dışı yumurtaların ortalama döllenme, gözlenme ve açılma oranı sırasıyla %56,77, %20,81 ve %11,95 olarak saptanmıştır. Fotoperiyot grubundaki dişi damızlıkların ortalama yumurta verimi ile mevsim dışı elde edilen yumurtaların kuluçka başarısı (yumurta çapı, döllenme, gözlenme ve açılma oranları) kontrol grubundakine göre daha düşük olmasına rağmen genel olarak elde edilen sonuçlar yapay sürekli uzun ve kısa gün uygulaması ile Salmo macrostigma’nın üreme mevsimin düzenlenmesini ve mevsim dışı yumurta sağımının mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Out-of-season spawning of mountain trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) by artificial photoperiod manipulation

Abstract

The effects of artificial photoperiod manipulation on spawning time and hatchery success of 3+ old mountain trout (Salmo macrostigma) broodstock were investigated. Broodstock fish in the photoperiod group were exposed to constant long days (18L:6D), from February 1st until May 31^st, 2013 and then to constant short days (8L:16D) starting from June 1^st, 2013. The fish in the control group were exposed to natural light-dark regimes. Out-of-season milt was observed in males starting from August 15th. Out-of-season spawning of females started in August 30th and reached its peak level in September 13th. Mean values of absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, and egg size were found to be 1242.48±382.55 eggs/fish, 1148.76±336.91 eggs/kg and 4.14±0.19 mm respectively. Mean fertilization, eyeing, and hatching rates of out-of-season eggs were determined as 54.76%, 20.79%, and 12.56% respectively. Regardless of the fact that the mean fecundity of females in the photoperiod group and hatching success (egg diameter, fertilization, eyeing, and hatching rates) of out-of-season eggs were lower than those in the control group, the overall results demonstrate that that regulating spawning time and out-of-season spawning of mountain trout by the use of artificial photoperiod is possible.

Keywords

References

Baki, B., Dalkıran, G., & Kaya, H. (2011). Kahverengi alabalık (Salmo trutta sp., L., 1766) anaçlarının döl verim özellikleri ve kaynak suyundaki yumurta verimliliği. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 4 (1): 1-8.
Bau, W., & Rapp, J. (1988). Gesunde Fische, paul parey verlag, s.238, Hamburg und Berlin Germany.
Bekcan, S., & Atar, H.H. (2012). Effects of live feeds and compounded diet on growth parameters of brown trout fry (Salmo Trutta Abanticus T. 1954) In The Context Of Habitat Restoration. Journal Of Agricultural Sciences, 18 137-145.
Boeuf, G., & Le Bail, P.Y. (1999). Does light have an ınfluence on fish growth. Aquaculture, 177: 129–152.
Bohl, M. (1982). Zucht und produktion von süsswasserfischen. DLG-Verlag. (Main). s.336, Frankfurt Germany.
Bon. E., Corraze, G., Kaushik, S., & Le Menn, F. (1997). Effect of accelerated photoperiod regimes on the reproductive cycle of the female rainbow trout: I-seasonal variations of plasma lipids correlated with vitellogenesis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol., 118A 1,183-190.
Bon, E., Breton, B., Govoroun, M.S., & Menn, F.L. (1999). Effects of accelerated photoperiod regimes on the reproductive cycle of the female rainbow trout: II Seasonal variations of plasma gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II) levels correlated with ovarian follicle growth and egg size. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,20: 143–154.
Bonnet, E., Montfort, J., Esquerre, D, Hugot, K., Fostier, A., & Bobe, J. (2007a). Effect of photoperiod manipulation on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg quality: A genomic study. Aquaculture, 268: 13–22. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.027.

Bonnet E, Fostier A and Bobe J (2007b). Characterization of rainbow trout egg quality: A case study using four different breeding protocols, with emphasis on the incidence of embriyonic malformations. Theriogenology, 67 786-794. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology. 2006.10.008.
Bromage, N., Jones, J., Randall, C., Thrush, M., Springat, J., Duston, J., & Barker, G. (1992). Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100, 141– 166.
Bromage, N.R., Porter, M., & Randall, C. (2001). The environmental regulation of maturation in farmed finfish with special reference to the role of photoperiod and melatonin. Aquaculture, 197: 63–98.
Borski, R. J., & Hodson, R.G. (2003). Fish Research and the ınstitutional animal care and use committee. Ilar Journal, Volume 44, Issue 4, Pp. 286-294.
Buss, K.W. (1982). Photoperiod manipulation of the spawning season of brood trout. In: Bulleid, M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Institute of Fisheries Management Commercial Trout Farming Symposium. Institute of Fisheries Management, Reading, pp. 116 – 126.
Carillo, M., Bromage, N., Zanuy, S., Serrano, R., & Prat, F. (1989). The effect of modifications in photoperiod on spawning time, ovarian development and egg quality in the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 81, 351–365.
Davies, B., & Bromage, N. (2002). The effects of fluctuating seasonal and constant water temperatures on the photoperiodic advancement of reproduction in female rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 205: 183–200.
Dey, R., Bhattacharya, S., & Maitra, S.K. (2005). Importance of photoperiods in the regulation of ovarian activities in Indian major carp Catla catla in an annual cycle. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 20(2), 145-158. doi: 10.1177/0748730404272925.
Duinker, A. (1996). Effect of photoperiod on growth and feeding rate of scallop http://hdl.handle.net/1956/1224.
Duston, J. & Bromage, N.R. (1988). The entrainment and gating of the endogenous circannual rhythm of reproduction in the female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Comparative Physiology, 164: 259–268.
Erer, M. (2004). Doğal alabalıklarda (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858 ve Salmo trutta labrax, Palas, 1811) Embiryonik gelişimin takibi ve larvaların karma yeme alıştırılması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Kahramanmaraş.
Fjelldal, P.G., Hansen, T. & Huang, T. (2011). Continuous light and elevanted temperature can trigger maturation both during and immediately after smoltification in male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 321 93-100.
Geldiay, R. & Balık S (2002). Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları. 4. Baskı. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Ege Meslek Yüksekokulu Basımevi, İzmir
Gwinner, E. (1986). Circannual rhythms: endogenous annual clocks in the organization of seasonal processes. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Holcombe, G.W., Pasha, M.S., Jensen, K.M., Tietge, J.E., & Anklay, G.T. (2000). Effects of photoperiod manipulation on brook trout reproductive development, fecundity and circulating sex steroid concentrations. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 62.1-11. doi: 10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0001:EOPMOB>2.0.CO;2.
Karataş, M, (2005). Balık Biyolojisi Araştırma Yöntemleri. Nobel Yayın No: 772, Fen ve Biyoloji Yayınları, Dizi No: 1, Ankara.
Kocabaş, M. (2009). Türkiye Doğal Alabalık (Salmo trutta) Ekotiplerinin Kültür Şartlarında Büyüme Performansı ve Morfolojik Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Trabzon.
Korkmaz, A. (2005). Kadıncık Deresi’ndeki (Çamlıyayla-Mersin) balık yoğunluğu ve biyoması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 91-97.
Kötzner, B. (1978). Embriyonalen twicklungund störung bei salmonideneiern. Institut für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetic. Universitat Göttingen Germany.
Kurtoğlu, İ.Z., Okumuş, İ., & Çelikkale, M.S. (1998). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde ticari bir işletmedeki gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhyncus mykiss) anaçlarının döl verim özellikleri ve yavrularının büyüme performansının belirlenmesi. Tübitak Veterinerlik ve Hayvancılık Dergisi, 22,489-496 s.
Laird, L.M., & Needham, T. (1991). Salmon and trout farming. Ellis Harwood Limited, 2nd ed. 177 s West Sussex, England.
Migaud, H., Davie, A. & Taylor, J.F. (2010). Current knowledge on the photoneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in temperature fish species. Journal of Fish Biology, 76. 27- 68. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02500.x
Nomura, M. (1962). Studies on reproduction of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, with special reference to egg taking. III. - Acceleration of spawning by control of light. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 28, 1070-1076.
Noori. A., Amiri, B. M., Mirvaghe¢, A., & Baker, D.W. (2010). LHRHa-induced ovulation of the endangered-Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and its effect on egg quality and two sex steroids: testosterone and 17a-hydroxyprogestrone. Aquaculture Research, 41, 871^877. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02364.x
Pavlidis, M., Theochari, V., Paschos, J., Dessypris, A. (1992). Effect of six photoperiod protocols on the spawning time of two rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), populations in North-west Greece. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 23,431-441.
Pornsoping, P., Unsrisong, G., Therdchai, V., Wessels, S, & Hörstgen-Schwark G. (2007). Reproductive performance of female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) kept under water temperatures and photoperiods of 13º and 51º N latitude. Aquaculture Research, 38,1265-1273. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01785.x
Purchase, C.F., Boyce, D.L., & Brown, J.A. (2000). Growth and survival of juvenile yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus Storer) under different photoperiods. Aquaculture Research, 31, 547–552. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00480.x
Randall, C., & Bromage, N.R. (1998). Photoperiodic history determines the reproductive response of rainbow trout to changes in daylength. J Comp Physiol A, 183:651-660.
Randall, C., North, B., Futte, W., Porter, M. & Bromage, N. (2001). Photoperiod effects on reproduction and growth in rainbow trout, Trout News 32, 12–16.
Rahbar, M., Nezami, S., Khara, H., Rezvani, M., Khodadoust, A., Movahed, R., & Eslami, S. (2011). Caspian J. Effect of age on reproductive performance in female Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspious, Kessler 1877) Env. Sci. Vol. 9 No.1 pp. 97~103 The University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. Iran.
Refstie, T. (1978). Results of interspecific crosses between salmonids. Europ. Verein. F. Tierzucht 29, 55, He Jahrestoggung, Stockholm.
Sarameh, S.P., Falahatkar. B, Takami, G.A., & Efatpanah, I. (2013). Physiological changes in male and female pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) subjected to different photoperiods and handling stress during the reproductive season, Fish Physiol Biochem, 39:1253–1266. doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9780-z.
Schlotfeldt, H.J., & Alderman, D.J. (1995). What should I do? A practical guide for the fresh water fsh farmer. Supplement to Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 15, 4. Warwick Press, Dorset.
Sedgwick, S.D. (1982). The Salmon Handbook. The Life and Cultivation of Fishes of The Salmon Family. London Wci.
Suziki, R., & Fukuda, Y. (1971). Survival potential of f.hybrids among salmonid fishes bulletin freshwater, Fish. Res., Vol. 21 No:1.
Taylor, J.F., Porter, M.J.R., Bromage N.R., & Migaud, H. (2008). Relationship between environmental changes, maturity, growth rate and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in female rainbow trout. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 155 257-270. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.05.014.
Wang, N., Teletchea, F., Kestemon, P., Milla, S., & Fontaine, P. (2010). Photothermal control of the reproductive cycle in temperate fishes. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2, 209–222.
Wilkinson, R.J., Longland, R., Woolcott, H. & Porter, M.J.R. (2010). Effect of elevant winter-spring water temperature on sexual maturation in photoperion manipulated stocks of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 309 236-244. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.023.
Yanık, T. & Aras, S. (1994). Erzurum ve Van Gökkuşağı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) balıkları yumurtalarının çeşitli yönlerden mukayeseleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(4), 599-608s.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Short Communication

Authors

İsa Şen
MERSIN UNIV
Türkiye

Ferit Rad
MERSIN UNIV
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 12, 2017

Submission Date

November 21, 2016

Acceptance Date

February 10, 2017

Published in Issue

Year 2017 Volume: 34 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.14

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA27NS26ZF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Şen, İ., & Rad, F. (2017). Out-of-season spawning of mountain trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) by artificial photoperiod manipulation. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(2), 219-226. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.14