Determination of the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect of the α-lipoic acid-NHS molecule in fisheries products

Samet Kalkan

doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.4.06

TR EN

Alfa-lipoik asit-NHS molekülünün antioksidan aktivitesinin ve su ürünlerindeki antibakteriyel etkisinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Alfa-lipoik asit, metabolik yolaklarda önemli roller üstlenir ve güçlü bir antioksidan savunma sağlar. Bu çalışmada, α-lipoik asidin N-hidroksisüksinimid ester türevinin (α-lipoik asit–NHS) antioksidan etkinliği ve sucul ortamlardan izole edilen Gram-negatif ve Gram-pozitif bakteri suşlarında inhibitör aktivitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Antioksidan performans, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radikal süpürme ve CUPRAC (Cu2+ iyon indirgeme) testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı α-lipoik asit–NHS konsantrasyonlarında, 8-OHdG ELISA yöntemi ile reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) düzeyleri ölçülerek bileşiğin oksidatif stresi baskılama potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite, dört referans patojen (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli) ve dört çevresel izolat (Bacillus cereus, B. toyonensis, Oceanisphaera sediminis, Pseudomonas putida) üzerinde mikrodilüsyon yöntemiyle test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, α-lipoik asit–NHS’nin hem DPPH hem de CUPRAC testlerinde ihmal edilebilir düzeyde antioksidan aktivite gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, antibakteriyel etki açısından bakıldığında, bazı bakteri suşlarında yüksek konsantrasyonlarda (5–10 mM) tam büyüme inhibisyonu gözlenmiştir. Artan α-lipoik asit–NHS dozunda ROS düzeylerinde hafif bir azalma görülmüşsede, bu etki kimyasal antioksidan test sonuçlarıyla paralellik göstermemiştir; yani gözlenen azalmanın doğrudan antioksidan etkiden kaynaklanmadığı düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, α-lipoik asit–NHS, etkili bir doğrudan serbest radikal süpürücü olarak işlev görmez; ancak dolaylı antioksidan etkiler ve orta düzeyde antibakteriyel aktivite gösterebilir. Tek başına tedavi edici bir ajan olmaktan ziyade, antioksidan sistemlerde ve antibakteriyel tedavilerde destekleyici bir bileşik olarak potansiyele sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Determination of the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect of the α-lipoic acid-NHS molecule in fisheries products

Abstract

Alpha-lipoic acid plays significant roles in metabolic pathways and provides substantial antioxidant defense. In this study, the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester derivative (α-lipoic acid–NHS) was examined for antioxidant performance and inhibitory effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains isolated from aquatic environments. Antioxidant performance was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing) assays. Additionally, The compound’s ability to mitigate oxidative stress was evaluated by quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with the 8-OHdG ELISA method at different α-lipoic acid–NHS concentrations. Antibacterial activity was tested against four reference pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli) and four environmental isolates (Bacillus cereus, B. toyonensis, Oceanisphaera sediminis, Pseudomonas putida) using the microdilution method. The results showed that α-lipoic acid–NHS exhibited negligible antioxidant activity in both DPPH and CUPRAC assays. In terms of antibacterial effects, however, complete inhibition of growth was observed in some bacterial strains at higher concentrations (5–10 mM). While ROS levels decreased modestly with increasing α-lipoic acid–NHS, this effect did not correlate with chemical antioxidant test results, suggesting the reduction was not due to direct antioxidant action. In conclusion, α-lipoic acid–NHS does not function as an effective direct radical scavenger but may exert indirect antioxidant effects and moderate antibacterial activity. It may have potential as a supportive compound in antioxidant systems and antibacterial therapies rather than as a standalone therapeutic agent.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP), Project No: FHD-2024-1686

Project Number

FHD-2024-1686

Ethical Statement

This research did not involve any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author. Therefore, no ethical approval was required.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other) , Food Engineering , Fish Biology , Fish Pests and Diseases

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Samet Kalkan ^*
0000-0002-5110-5609
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

December 1, 2025

Publication Date

December 10, 2025

Submission Date

July 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 25, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 42 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.4.06

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA67LR54BN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kalkan, S. (2025). Determination of the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect of the α-lipoic acid-NHS molecule in fisheries products. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(4), 323-330. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.4.06