Atatürk Barajı Gölü'ndeki sazanların (Cyprinus carpio L.) iyon homeostazisi ve ozmoregülasyonunda rol oynayan enzimler üzerine kirliliğin etkisi

Özge Fırat; Özge Temiz; Özgür Fırat

doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.2.10

TR EN

Atatürk Barajı Gölü'ndeki sazanların (Cyprinus carpio L.) iyon homeostazisi ve ozmoregülasyonunda rol oynayan enzimler üzerine kirliliğin etkisi

Öz

Atatürk Barajı Gölü Türkiye’deki en büyük baraj olması (i); çevresindeki yerleşim bölgelerindeki yoğun faaliyetlerden kaynaklı kirleticilerden etkilenmesi (ii); ekonomik, ticari ve besin değeri yüksek su ürünleri içermesi (iii); su kalitesinde ve/veya balıklarda istenmeyen değişimlerin insanları da etkileme potansiyeli (iv) nedeniyle son yıllarda toksikolojik araştırmaların odağı halindedir. Sunulan çalışmada baraj gölünün Adıyaman il sınırlarındaki göreceli olarak temiz olan Samsat ve kentsel aktivitelerden etkilenen Sitilce bölgeleri ile Şanlıurfa il sınırlarındaki tarımsal aktivitelerden etkilenen Bozova bölgesinde 2021 yılının Eylül ayında yakalanan sazanların (Cyprinus carpio) dokularındaki Na+/K+-ATPaz (EC 3.6.3.9), Ca+2-ATPaz (EC 3.6.3.8) ve Mg+2-ATPaz (EC 3.6.3.2) aktivitelerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Samsat bölgesi ile karşılaştırıldığında Sitilce ve Bozova bölgesi balıklarının solungaç, karaciğer, bağırsak ve böbrek dokularında incelenen tüm ATPaz enzim aktivitelerinde anlamlı azalışlar gözlemlenirken, kas dokusu enzim aktivitelerinde bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Çalışmamız Atatürk Baraj Gölü'ndeki kirleticilerin balıklarda iyon dengesi, iyon homeostazisi ve ozmoregülasyon mekanizmaları üzerinde toksik etkilere sahip olduğunu ve ATPazların sucul ekosistemlerde kirliliğin belirlenmesinde yararlı biyobelirteçler olarak kullanılabileceğini açıkça ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Effect of pollution on enzymes playing role in ion homeostasis and osmoregulation of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Atatürk Dam Lake

Abstract

The Atatürk Dam Lake has recently become the focus of toxicological research due to the fact that it is the largest dam in Türkiye (i); that it is affected by pollutants originating from the intensive activities in the residential areas around the dam (ii); that it contains aquatic products with high economic, commercial and nutritional value (iii); and that undesirable changes in water quality and/or fish have the potential to affect humans (iv). In the current work, changes in the Na+/K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9), Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.8) and Mg2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.2) activities in the tissues of carps (Cyprinus carpio) caught in Samsat (relatively clean area) and Sitilce (area affected by urban activities) in the Adıyaman province borders and Bozova (area affected by agricultural activities) in the Şanlıurfa province borders of the dam lake in september 2021 were determined. When the Samsat region was compared, significant decreases were observed in all ATPase enzyme activities examined in gill, liver, intestine and kidney tissues of fish from Sitilce and Bozova regions, while enzyme activities in muscle tissue did not show any significant change. Our study clearly demonstrated that the pollutants in the Atatürk Dam Lake have toxic effects on ion balance, ion homeostasis and osmoregulation mechanisms in fish and that ATPases can be used as useful biomarkers in determining pollution in aquatic ecosystems.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

KMYOMAP/2021-0001

Ethical Statement

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alındı (Tarih: 24/12/2020, Karar No:4, Protokol No: 2020/067)

Thanks

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi'nin yöneticilerine ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

References

Abdallah, S.M., Muhammed, R.E., Mohamed, R.E., Daous, H.E., Saleh, D.M., Ghorab, M.A., Chen, S., & El-Sayyad, G.S. (2024). Assessment of biochemical biomarkers and environmental stress indicators in some freshwater fish. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46, 464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02226-6
Apiamu, A., Osawaru, S.U., Asagba, S.O., Evuen, U.F., & Achuba, F.I. (2022). Exposure of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to lead and zinc modulates membrane-bound transport protein: A plausible effect on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Biological Trace Element Research, 200, 4160–4170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03005-5
Atkinson, A., Gatemby, A.O., & Lowe, A.G. (1973). The determination of inorganic ortophosphate in biological systems. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 320, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(73)90178-5
Atlı, G., & Canlı, M. (2008). Characterization of branchial Na, K-ATPase from three freshwater fish species (Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32, 299-304.
Balaji, G., Nachiyappan, M., & Venugopal, R. (2015). Sub-lethal effect of cypermethrin on Ca+, Mg+ and Na+/K+ - ATPase activity in fresh water teleost, Cyprinus carpio. World Journal of Zoology, 10(3), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjz.2015.10.3.9581
Bayhan, Y.K. (2021). The fish fauna of the Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman/Turkey). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6, 237-255. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1036854
Dane, H., & Sisman, T. (2020). A morpho-histopathological study in the digestive tract of three fish species influenced with heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere, 242, 125212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125212
Deenathayalan, U., Nandita, R., Kavithaa, K., Kavitha, V.S., Govindasamy, C., Al‑Numair, K.S., Alsaif, M.A., Cheon, Y.P., Arul, N., & Brindha, D. (2024). Evaluation of developmental toxicity and oxidative stress caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles in zebra fish embryos/larvae. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 196, 4954 4973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04791-5

de la Torre, F.R., Salibian, A., & Ferrari, L. (2007). Assessment of the pollution impact on biomarkers of effect of a freshwater fish. Chemosphere, 68, 1582 1590. https://doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.033
Dogan, Z., Eroglu, A., Kanak, E.G., Atli, G., & Canli, M. (2014). Response of antioxidant system of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following exposure to chromium and copper in differing hardness. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 680 686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1245-2
Fırat, O., & Alıcı, M.F. (2012). Assessment of pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0728-2
Fırat, Ö., & Kaya, Ö. (2019). Evaluation of protective role of selenium on mercury toxicity by superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde parameters in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.05
Fırat, Ö., & Kılınç, Ü. (2022). Assessment of lead, cadmium, chrome, iron, zinc and copper levels in tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman). Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1079557
Firat, O. (2016). Evaluation of metal concentrations in fish species from Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey) in relation to human health. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25, 3629-3634.
Firidin, G. (2018). Oxidative stress parameters, induction of lipid peroxidation, and ATPase activity in the liver and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to lead and mixtures of lead and zinc. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 100, 477 484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2281-0
Gupta, P., Mahapatra, A., Suman, A., & Singh, R.K. (2023). In silico and in vivo assessment of developmental toxicity, oxidative stress response and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in zebrafish embryos exposed to cypermethrin. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 251, 114547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114547
Gündoğdu, S. (2023). Microplastic intake of Unio mancus Lamarck 1819 collected from Ataturk Dam Lake, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 47(5), 268-278. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3140
Hegazi, M.M., Mostafa, A.H., Assem, E.H., Mourad, H.M., & Hasanein, S.S. (2015). The effect of seasonal metals pollution in two Hotspots (El-Mex, Abu-Qir) Bays on ATPases in gills of Siganus rivulatus. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3, 51-58. https://doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030501.17
Ji, P., Liu, G., Xu, J., Wang, X., Li, J., Zhao, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, P., & Sun, X. (2012). Characterization of common carp transcriptome: Sequencing, De Novo assembly, annotation and comparative genomics. PLoS One, 7(4), 35152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035152
Karadag, H., Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2014). Use of oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. for the evaluation of water pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1187-0
Khoshnood, Z. (2024). A review on toxic effects of pesticides in zebrafish, Danio rerio and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, emphasising atrazine herbicide. Toxicology Reports, 13, 101694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101694
Langeswaran, K., Jagadeesan, A.J., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2012). Modulation of membrane bound ATPases and metabolizing enzymes against n-nitosodiethylamine (DEN) induced primary liver cancer in wistar albino rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3(2), 156–165.
Lopez-Lopez, E., Sedeno-Díaz, J.E., Soto, C., & Favari, L. (2011). Responses of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and Na+/K+-ATPase in liver of the fish Goodea atripinnis exposed to Lake Yuriria water. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37, 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-010-9453-0
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., & Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurements with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
Metz, J.R., van den Burg, E.H., Wendelaar Bonga, S.E., & Flik, G. (2003). Regulation of branchial Na+/K+-ATPase in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. acclimated to different temperatures. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 2273-2280. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00421
Sancho, E., Fernandez-Vega, C., Ferrando, M.D., & Andreu-Moliner, E. (2003). Eel ATPase activity as biomarker of thiobencarb exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 56, 434–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00077-0
Sun, Y., Fu, Z., & Ma, Z. (2024). The effects of acute ammonia stress on liver antioxidant, immune and metabolic responses of juvenile yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 297(A), 111707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111707
Suvetha, L., Ramesh, M., & Saravanan, M. (2010). Influence of cypermethrin toxicity on ionic regulation and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity of a freshwater teleost fish Cyprinus carpio. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 29, 44–49. https://doi:10.1016/j.etap.2009.09.005
Temiz, O., Cogun, H., & Kargin, F. (2018). Influence of chlorantraniliprole toxicity on ionic regulation of gill and muscle ATPase activity of nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 5027–5032.
Temiz, Ö., Kargın, D. (2024). Physiological responses of oxidative damage, genotoxicity and hematological parameters of the toxic effect of neonicotinoid-thiamethoxam in Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 106, 104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104377
Temiz, Ö., Kargın, D., & Çoğun, H.Y. (2021). In vivo effects on stress protein, genotoxicity, and oxidative toxicity parameters in Oreochromis niloticus tissues exposed to thiamethoxam. Water Air Soil Pollution, 232, 221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05101-7
Uçkun, A.A. (2017). Ecotoxicological evaluation of pesticide pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(2), 313 321. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_2_10
Uçkun, A.A., Yologlu, E., & Uçkun, M. (2017). Seasonal monitoring of metals in water, sediment and mussel (Unio mancus) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates River). Van Veterinary Journal, 28(2), 75-83.
Uçkun, A.A., & Uçkun, M. (2021a). Evaluation of some biomarkers in carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) depending on water and sediment pollution of Atatürk Dam Lake. BEU Journal of Science, 10(3), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.898021
Uçkun, M., & Uçkun, A.A. (2021b). Effect of imidacloprid application to freshwater mussels (Unio mancus) on gill ATPase activities. Erciyes University Journal of Institue of Science and Technology, 37(1), 91-98.
Veedu, S.K., Ayyasamy, G., Tamilselvan, H., & Ramesh, M. (2022). Single and joint toxicity assessment of acetamiprid and thiamethoxam neonicotinoids pesticides on biochemical indices and antioxidant enzyme activities of a freshwater fish Catla catla. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 257(C), 109336. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CBPC.2022.109336
Wang, L., Wu, D., Robinson, C.V., Wu, H., & Fu, T.-M. (2020). Structures of a complete human V-ATPase reveal mechanisms of its assembly. Molecular Cell, 80, 501 511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.09.029
Wong, C., & Wong, M. (2000). Morphological and biochemical changes in the gills of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to ambient cadmium exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 48(4), 517 527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00060-0

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Structural Biology , Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Özge Fırat
0000-0001-9010-955X
Türkiye

Özge Temiz
0000-0003-0668-5744
Türkiye

Özgür Fırat ^*
0000-0002-9683-8945
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

June 14, 2025

Publication Date

June 15, 2025

Submission Date

December 30, 2024

Acceptance Date

March 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 42 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.2.10

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA28PF47MB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Fırat, Ö., Temiz, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2025). Atatürk Barajı Gölü’ndeki sazanların (Cyprinus carpio L.) iyon homeostazisi ve ozmoregülasyonunda rol oynayan enzimler üzerine kirliliğin etkisi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.2.10