Araştırma Makalesi
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Mogan Gölü’nde (Türkiye) sediment tarama ertesi ağır metallerde ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 197 - 205, 15.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04

Öz



Rekreaktif öneme sahip ötrofik-sığ Mogan Gölü’nde, göl içi yönetim uygulamalarından biri olan sediment dredging (uzaklaştırımı) zaman zaman uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sediment tarama sonrası, gölde sedimentin kirlenme durumunun bazı indekslerin -zenginleşme indeksi (EF), kontaminasyon/kirlilik indeksi (CF), kontaminasyon derecesi (Cd), kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI), jeoakümülasyon indeksi (Igeo), potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (Eri), bütünleşik ekolojik risk indeksi (PER), ortalama olası etki konsantrasyonu oranı (mPEC-Q) - kullanımı ile değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla gölde sediment tarama sonrası, litoral bölgede iki istasyon seçilmiştir. Bunlardan I. istasyon; özellikle maden işleme tesisleri ve evsel kaynaklı atık suların, II. istasyon; evsel atık ve tarımsal faaliyet kaynaklı atık suların ulaştığı bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Yüzey sediment örnekleri, 2020 yılının Mayıs ve Kasım aylarında sediment alma kepçesiyle tekerrürlü olarak alınmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; a) Ele alınan ağır metaller (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu ve Zn) içerisinde Cu, As, Cd en yüksek zenginleşme ve kontaminasyon faktörlerine sahip ağır metaller olarak saptanmıştır, b) Kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI) değerleri (1,30-2,26) sedimentin ağır metallerle kirlenmesini desteklemekte, jeoakümülasyon indeks (Igeo) değerleri ise, her iki istasyon ve ayda Pb bakımından yoğun kirlenme olduğuna işaret etmektedir, c) Potansiyel ekolojik risk faktörleri (Eri) açısından, Cd önemli düzeyde potansiyel ekolojik riske sahip bulunmuştur, d) Bütünleşik ekolojik risk faktörleri (PER), gölde tüm ağır metaller bazında orta düzeyli bir ekolojik riski göstermektedir. Ni ve As ise biyolojik açıdan olumsuz etkileri olan metallerdir. Sonuçlar; a) Sediment tarama girişiminin, sedimentteki kirlenmenin indirgenmesi açısından çok etkin olmadığı, b) Göl havzasındaki antropojenik kirleticiler süregeldikçe, sedimentte ekolojik ve biyolojik anlamda önem arzeden başta Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni ve As olmak üzere ağır metal düzeylerinin rutin olarak izlenmesi gereği yönündedir. Bulguların, ilgili kurumların ve yerel yönetimin sediment odaklı izleme çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.



Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

19L0447010

Teşekkür

Bu projenin (19L0447010) gerçekleştirilmesi için gerekli mali desteği sağlayan Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü’ne şükranlarımızı sunarız.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. (2016). T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü. Göller ve Sulak Alanlar Eylem Planı, 2016-2018, 27-30 s., Ankara (in Turkish).
  • Bölükbaşı, V., & Salman Akın, B. (2016). Agriculturally induced heavy metal accumulation in Seyfe Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96, 401-407. DOI:10.1007/s00128-015-1724-0
  • Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzal, N., Gül, A., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12 (1), 45-55.
  • Binici, A., Pulatsü, S., & Bursa, N. (2021). Evaluation of Sediment Dredging on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Mogan Lake’s Sediment (Ankara, Turkey) (in Turkish with English abstract). COMU Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 4(2), 159–167. DOI:10.46384/jmsf.987343
  • Cheng, H., Li, M., Zhao, C., Yang, K., Li, K., Peng, M., Yang, Z., Liu, F., Liu, Y., Bai, R., Cui, Y., Huang, Z., Li, L., Liao, Q., Luo, J., Jia, S., Pang, X., Yang, J., & Yin, G. (2015). Concentrations of toxic metals and ecolojical risk assessment for sediments of major freshwater lakes in China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 157, 15-26. DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.05.010
  • Fan, Z., Wang, W., Tang, C., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, S., & Zeng, F. (2019). Targeting remediation dredging by ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment: A case study of Shitang Lake, China. Sustainability, 11, 1-10. DOI:10.3390/su11247251
  • Ghaleno, O. R., Sayadi, M.H., & Rezaei, M. R. (2015). Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of water reservoir case study: Chah Nimeh of Sistan. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 5(4), 89-96.
  • Goher, M.E., Abdo, M.H., Bayoumy, W.A., & Mansour El-Ashkar, T.Y. (2017). Some heavy metal contents in water and sediment as a pollution index of El-Manzala Lake, Egypt. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 4, 210-215.
  • Guo, W., Liu, X., Liu, Z., & Li, G. (2010). Pollution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor, Tianji. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 729-736. DOI:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.084
  • Guo, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, F., Hou, J., Zhang, H., & Li, C. (2018). Heavy metals in the surface sediments of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 3695–3707. DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-0680-0
  • Hacısalihoğlu, S., & Karaer, F. (2016). Relationships of heavy metals in water and surface sediment with different chemical fractions in Lake Uluabat, Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(5), 1937-1946. DOI:10.15244/pjoes/62908
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control–A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14 (8), 975-1001. DOI:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
  • Hou, D., He, J., Lü, C., Ren, L., Fan, Q., & Wang, J. Xie, Z. (2013). Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn Cd) in water and sediments from lake Dalinouer, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93, 135-144. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.012
  • Hu, B., Li, G., Li, J., Bi, J., Zhao, J., & Bu, R. (2013). Spatial distribution and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the southern Bohai Bay. China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 4099–4110. DOI:10.1007/s11356-012-1332-z
  • Imran, U., Ullah, A., & Shaikh, K. (2020). Pollution loads and ecological risk assessment of metals and a metalloid in the surface sediment of Keenjhar Lake, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 29(5), 3629–3641. DOI:10.15244/pjoes/117659
  • Küçükosmanoğlu, A. G., & Filazi, A. (2020). Investigation of the metal pollution sources in Lake Mogan, Ankara, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 198, 269–282. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02031-z
  • Kükrer, S., Erginal, A. E., Şeker, S., & Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2015). Distribution and environmental risk evaluation of heavy metal in core sediments from Lake Çıldır (NE Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment,187, 453. DOI:10.1007/s10661-015-4685-1
  • Kükrer, S. (2016). Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices (in Turkish with English abstract). Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4 (12), 1185-1191. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v4i12.1185-1191.969
  • Liu, M., Yang, Y., Yun, X., Zhang, M., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2014). Distribution and ecological assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the East Lake, China. Ecotoxicology, 23, 92-101. DOI:10.1007/s10646-013-1154-x
  • Long, E.R., Ingersoll, C.G., & Macdonald, D.D. (2006). Calculation and uses of mean sediment quality guideline quotients: A critical review. Environmental Science & Technology, 40 (6), 1726-1736. DOI:10.1021/es058012d
  • MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., & Berger, T.A. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 20–31. DOI:10.1007/s002440010075
  • Mamat, Z., Haximu, S., Zhang, Z., & Aji, R. (2016). An ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of Bosten Lake, Northwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 7255-7265. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-6020-3
  • Olgun, E., & Kocaemre, T. S. 2011. Analyse of Mogan Lake water quality. Tabiat ve İnsan, 45, 10-22 (in Turkish).
  • Rudnick, R.L., & Gao, S. (2014). Composition of the continental crust. In: Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd Ed.), 3 (pp 1-64). Elsevier. DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4
  • Singh, J., & Upadhyay, S.K. (2012). Heavy metals assessment in sediment of Ramgarh Lake, UP, India. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 12,13-19. DOI:10.18311/JEOH/2012/1740
  • Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals about granulometric contents of Veeranam Lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.027
  • Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611-627. DOI:10.1007/s002540050473
  • Şener, Ş., & Şener, E. (2015). Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution and Contamination in the Kovada Lake (Isparta) Bottom Sediments (in Turkish with English abstract). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 86-96.
  • Topçu, A., & Kaya, D. (2017). Ecological risk assessment and seasonal-spatial distribution of some trace elements from surface sediment: eutrophic-shallow Mogan Lake, Turkey. International Congress on Chemistry and Materials Science. 5-7 October 2017 (267) Ankara, Turkey: Bildiriler Kitabı.
  • Tunca, E. (2016). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Sediment and Evaluation of Antropogenic Sediment Contamination in Beyşehir Lake (in Turkish with English abstract). Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(2), 205-219.
  • Vrhovnik, P., Smuc, N. R., Dolenec, T., Serafimovski, T., & Dolenec, M. (2013). An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia). Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(2), 761-775. DOI:10.3906/yer-1205-1
  • Waheshi, Y.A.A., El-Gammal, M.I., Ibrahim, M.S., & Okbah, M.A.A. (2017). Distribution and assessment of heavy metal levels using geoaccumulation ındex and pollution load index in Lake Edku sediments, Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. 5,1, 1-8. DOI:10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
  • Wang, X.Y., & Feng, J. (2007). Assessment of the effectiveness of environmental dredging Boin South Lake, China. Environmental Management, 40, 314–322. DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0132-y
  • Xu, M., Sun, W., & Wang, R. (2019). Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of potentially harmful trace elements in surface sediments from Lake Dali, North China. Water, 11(12), 2544. DOI:10.3390/w11122544
  • Yang, J., Chen, L., Liu, L-Z., Shi, W-L., & Meng, X-Z. (2014). Comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment from public parks in Shanghai. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 129-135. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.010
  • Yin, H., Gao, Y., & Fan, C. (2011). Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Lake Taihu, China. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 1-12. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044012
  • Yuan, Z., Taoran, S., Yan, Z., & Tao, Y. (2014). Spatial distribution and risk assessment of 116 heavy metals in sediments from a hypertrophic plateau Lake Dianchi, China. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 1219-1234. DOI:10.1007/s10661-013-3451-5
  • Zhang, Y., Liu, J., & Liu, J. (2013). Heavy metals in sediments of Yangzonghai Lake, China, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(11), 296-302.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 197 - 205, 15.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04

Öz



The lake management strategy of sediment dredging (removal) is periodically undertaken in shallow, eutrophic Mogan Lake, an important recreation area. This study aims to use certain indices - enrichment index (EF), contamination/pollution index (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eri), integrated ecological risk index (PER), and mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q) - to evaluate the state of sediment pollution in the lake after dredging. With this in mind, after dredging was completed, two stations in the littoral zone were selected. Station I was located especially where it would be reached by wastewater from mineral processing facilities and domestic areas; and Station II, where it would be reached by residential and agricultural wastewater. Surface sediment samples were taken repeatedly in May and November 2020 using a sediment grabber. According to the study findings, a) Among the heavy metals studied (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn), Cu, As, and Cd were found to have the highest enrichment and contamination indices; b) The pollution load index (PLI) values (1.30-2.26) suggest heavy metal pollution in the sediment, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values show intensive Pb contamination at both stations in both months; c) In terms of potential ecological risk index (Eri), Cd was found to have a significant level of ecological risk index; d) The integrated risk index (PER) indicates that all heavy metals in the lake were present at moderate ecological risk levels. Ni and As were metals that had negative biological effects. The results indicate that a) Dredging is not a very effective tool for reducing pollution in the sediment; and b) As long as anthropogenic pollutants continue to enter the lake basin, sediment heavy metal levels should be routinely monitored, particularly those with ecological and biological effects on the sediment: Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and As. It is predicted that the findings of this study will contribute to the sediment-focused monitoring efforts of organizations and local governments.


Proje Numarası

19L0447010

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. (2016). T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü. Göller ve Sulak Alanlar Eylem Planı, 2016-2018, 27-30 s., Ankara (in Turkish).
  • Bölükbaşı, V., & Salman Akın, B. (2016). Agriculturally induced heavy metal accumulation in Seyfe Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96, 401-407. DOI:10.1007/s00128-015-1724-0
  • Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzal, N., Gül, A., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12 (1), 45-55.
  • Binici, A., Pulatsü, S., & Bursa, N. (2021). Evaluation of Sediment Dredging on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Mogan Lake’s Sediment (Ankara, Turkey) (in Turkish with English abstract). COMU Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 4(2), 159–167. DOI:10.46384/jmsf.987343
  • Cheng, H., Li, M., Zhao, C., Yang, K., Li, K., Peng, M., Yang, Z., Liu, F., Liu, Y., Bai, R., Cui, Y., Huang, Z., Li, L., Liao, Q., Luo, J., Jia, S., Pang, X., Yang, J., & Yin, G. (2015). Concentrations of toxic metals and ecolojical risk assessment for sediments of major freshwater lakes in China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 157, 15-26. DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.05.010
  • Fan, Z., Wang, W., Tang, C., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, S., & Zeng, F. (2019). Targeting remediation dredging by ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment: A case study of Shitang Lake, China. Sustainability, 11, 1-10. DOI:10.3390/su11247251
  • Ghaleno, O. R., Sayadi, M.H., & Rezaei, M. R. (2015). Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of water reservoir case study: Chah Nimeh of Sistan. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 5(4), 89-96.
  • Goher, M.E., Abdo, M.H., Bayoumy, W.A., & Mansour El-Ashkar, T.Y. (2017). Some heavy metal contents in water and sediment as a pollution index of El-Manzala Lake, Egypt. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 4, 210-215.
  • Guo, W., Liu, X., Liu, Z., & Li, G. (2010). Pollution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor, Tianji. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 729-736. DOI:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.084
  • Guo, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, F., Hou, J., Zhang, H., & Li, C. (2018). Heavy metals in the surface sediments of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 3695–3707. DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-0680-0
  • Hacısalihoğlu, S., & Karaer, F. (2016). Relationships of heavy metals in water and surface sediment with different chemical fractions in Lake Uluabat, Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(5), 1937-1946. DOI:10.15244/pjoes/62908
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control–A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14 (8), 975-1001. DOI:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
  • Hou, D., He, J., Lü, C., Ren, L., Fan, Q., & Wang, J. Xie, Z. (2013). Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn Cd) in water and sediments from lake Dalinouer, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93, 135-144. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.012
  • Hu, B., Li, G., Li, J., Bi, J., Zhao, J., & Bu, R. (2013). Spatial distribution and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the southern Bohai Bay. China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 4099–4110. DOI:10.1007/s11356-012-1332-z
  • Imran, U., Ullah, A., & Shaikh, K. (2020). Pollution loads and ecological risk assessment of metals and a metalloid in the surface sediment of Keenjhar Lake, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 29(5), 3629–3641. DOI:10.15244/pjoes/117659
  • Küçükosmanoğlu, A. G., & Filazi, A. (2020). Investigation of the metal pollution sources in Lake Mogan, Ankara, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 198, 269–282. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02031-z
  • Kükrer, S., Erginal, A. E., Şeker, S., & Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2015). Distribution and environmental risk evaluation of heavy metal in core sediments from Lake Çıldır (NE Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment,187, 453. DOI:10.1007/s10661-015-4685-1
  • Kükrer, S. (2016). Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices (in Turkish with English abstract). Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4 (12), 1185-1191. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v4i12.1185-1191.969
  • Liu, M., Yang, Y., Yun, X., Zhang, M., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2014). Distribution and ecological assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the East Lake, China. Ecotoxicology, 23, 92-101. DOI:10.1007/s10646-013-1154-x
  • Long, E.R., Ingersoll, C.G., & Macdonald, D.D. (2006). Calculation and uses of mean sediment quality guideline quotients: A critical review. Environmental Science & Technology, 40 (6), 1726-1736. DOI:10.1021/es058012d
  • MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., & Berger, T.A. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 20–31. DOI:10.1007/s002440010075
  • Mamat, Z., Haximu, S., Zhang, Z., & Aji, R. (2016). An ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of Bosten Lake, Northwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 7255-7265. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-6020-3
  • Olgun, E., & Kocaemre, T. S. 2011. Analyse of Mogan Lake water quality. Tabiat ve İnsan, 45, 10-22 (in Turkish).
  • Rudnick, R.L., & Gao, S. (2014). Composition of the continental crust. In: Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd Ed.), 3 (pp 1-64). Elsevier. DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4
  • Singh, J., & Upadhyay, S.K. (2012). Heavy metals assessment in sediment of Ramgarh Lake, UP, India. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 12,13-19. DOI:10.18311/JEOH/2012/1740
  • Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals about granulometric contents of Veeranam Lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.027
  • Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611-627. DOI:10.1007/s002540050473
  • Şener, Ş., & Şener, E. (2015). Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution and Contamination in the Kovada Lake (Isparta) Bottom Sediments (in Turkish with English abstract). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 86-96.
  • Topçu, A., & Kaya, D. (2017). Ecological risk assessment and seasonal-spatial distribution of some trace elements from surface sediment: eutrophic-shallow Mogan Lake, Turkey. International Congress on Chemistry and Materials Science. 5-7 October 2017 (267) Ankara, Turkey: Bildiriler Kitabı.
  • Tunca, E. (2016). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Sediment and Evaluation of Antropogenic Sediment Contamination in Beyşehir Lake (in Turkish with English abstract). Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(2), 205-219.
  • Vrhovnik, P., Smuc, N. R., Dolenec, T., Serafimovski, T., & Dolenec, M. (2013). An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia). Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(2), 761-775. DOI:10.3906/yer-1205-1
  • Waheshi, Y.A.A., El-Gammal, M.I., Ibrahim, M.S., & Okbah, M.A.A. (2017). Distribution and assessment of heavy metal levels using geoaccumulation ındex and pollution load index in Lake Edku sediments, Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. 5,1, 1-8. DOI:10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
  • Wang, X.Y., & Feng, J. (2007). Assessment of the effectiveness of environmental dredging Boin South Lake, China. Environmental Management, 40, 314–322. DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0132-y
  • Xu, M., Sun, W., & Wang, R. (2019). Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of potentially harmful trace elements in surface sediments from Lake Dali, North China. Water, 11(12), 2544. DOI:10.3390/w11122544
  • Yang, J., Chen, L., Liu, L-Z., Shi, W-L., & Meng, X-Z. (2014). Comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment from public parks in Shanghai. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 129-135. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.010
  • Yin, H., Gao, Y., & Fan, C. (2011). Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Lake Taihu, China. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 1-12. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044012
  • Yuan, Z., Taoran, S., Yan, Z., & Tao, Y. (2014). Spatial distribution and risk assessment of 116 heavy metals in sediments from a hypertrophic plateau Lake Dianchi, China. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 1219-1234. DOI:10.1007/s10661-013-3451-5
  • Zhang, Y., Liu, J., & Liu, J. (2013). Heavy metals in sediments of Yangzonghai Lake, China, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(11), 296-302.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekoloji, Limnoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arzu Binici 0000-0002-8212-3615

Serap Pulatsü 0000-0001-5277-417X

Proje Numarası 19L0447010
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Binici, A., & Pulatsü, S. (2022). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(3), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04