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Determinations of the effects of cyfluthrin on the hemocytes parameters of freshwater mussel (Unio delicatus)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 15.03.2022

Öz



The overuse of pesticides has been increasing since the 20th century. Depending on this use, non-target organisms are also affected apart from target organisms. Cyfluthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide used in agriculture, domestic and veterinary medicine against insects. It may also affect non-target aquatic organisms as a result of mixing with aquatic ecosystems. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of cyfluthrin on freshwater mussels, one of the aquatic invertebrate species, with hemocyte parameters. Total hemolymph counts, hemolymph cell morphology, and differential hemocyte counts were performed from hemolymph taken from mussels exposed to different cyfluthrin doses exposures for 24 and 48 hours. Compared to the control group, the total hemocyte counts of the experimental groups were found to increase in 24h and decrease in 48h significantly (p<0.05). In the examination of hemocyte morphologies, granular, semi granular, and hyalinocyte cells were observed. Similar values of differential hemocyte counts were found both 24 and 48h exposure times. As a result, in aquatic toxicology studies, besides total hemocyte count, analysis of hemocyte morphologies and differential hemocyte counts are found to be good biomarkers.


Teşekkür

The author would like to thank Prof. Dr. Mehmet Zeki Yıldırım for the identification of the mussel species and Prof. Dr. Aysel Çağlan Günal for kindly giving the cyfluthrin standard.

Kaynakça

  • Alkan Uçkun, A. (2018). Investigation of toxic metal contamination in water and sediments of Gölbaşı Lake (Adıyaman). Adıyaman University Journal of Science, 8 (2), 129-140.
  • Arslan, P., Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Kuzukiran, O., Ozeren, S.C. & Filazi, A. (2021a). Effects of acetamiprid and flumethrin on Unio sp. primary cells. Biologia, 76(4):1359-1365. DOI:10.1007/s11756-021-00692-2
  • Arslan, P., Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Ozeren, S.C., Kuzukiran, O. & Filazi, A. (2021b). In vitro effects of erythromycin and florfenicol on primary cell lines of Unio crassus and Cyprinus carpio. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-14139-3
  • Ayhan, M.M., Katalay, S. & Günal, A.Ç. (2021). How pollution effects the immune systems of invertebrate organisms (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 172, 112750. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112750
  • Banumathi, B., Vaseeharan, B., Suganya, P., Citarasu, T., Govindarajan, M., Alharbi, N.S., Kadaikunnan, S., Khaled, J.M. & Benelli, G. (2017). Toxicity of Camellia sinensis-fabricated silver nanoparticles on invertebrate and vertebrate organisms: morphological abnormalities and DNA damages. Journal of Cluster Science, 28, 2027–2040. DOI:10.1007/s10876-017-1201-5
  • Baussant, T., Bechmann, R. K., Taban, I. C., Larsen, B. K., Tandberg, A. H., Bjørnstad, A., Torgrimsen, S., Naevdal, A., Øysaed, K. B., Jonsson, G. & Sanni, S., (2009). Enzymatic and cellular responses in relation to body burden of PAHs in bivalve molluscs: a case study with chronic levels of North Sea and Barents Sea dispersed oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(12), 1796-1807. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.007
  • Berber, S., Ateş, S. & Acar, S., (2018). First observation of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)) on the narrow-clawed crayfish inhabiting in some water sources of Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(1), 55-61. DOI:10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.1.10
  • Bolognesi, C., & Fenech, M. (2012). Mussel micronucleus cytome assay. Nature protocols, 7(6), 1125-1137.
  • Bolotov, I.N., Kondakov, A.V., Konopleva, E.S., Vikhrev, I. V., Aksenova, O. A, Aksenov, A. S., Bespalaya, Y. V., Borovskoy, A. V., Danilov, P. P., Dvoryankin, G. A. Gofarov, M. Y., Kabakov, M. B., Klishko, O. K., Kolosova, Y. S., Lyubas, A. A., Novoselov, A. P., Palatov, D. M., Savvinov, G. N., Solomonov, N. M., Spitsyn, V. M., Sokolova, S. E., Tomilova, A. A., Froufe, E., Bogan, A. E., Lopes-Lima, M., Makhrov, A. A. & Vinarski, M. M., (2020). Integrative taxonomy, biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in Russia. Scientific Reports, 10, 3072. DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-59867-7
  • Canesi, L., Gavioli, M., Pruzzo, C. & Gallo, G. (2002). Bacteriahemocyte interactions and phagocytosis in marine bivalves. Microscopy Research Technique, 57, 469- 476. DOI:10.1002/jemt.10100
  • Ciacci, C., Fabbri, R., Betti, M., Roch, P. & Canesi, L. (2009). Seasonal changes in functional parameters of the hemolymph of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 6(1), 44-48.
  • Cryder, Z., Wolf, D., Carlan, C. & Gan, J. (2021). Removal of urban-use insecticides in a large-scale constructed wetland. Environmental Pollution, 268, Part A, 115586. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115586
  • Costa, P.M., Carreira, S., Costa, M. H. & Caeiro, S. (2013). Development of histopathological indices in a commercial marine bivalve (Ruditapes decussatus) to determine environmental quality. Aquatic Toxicology, 126, 442-454. DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.013
  • Duaví, W.C., Gama, A.F., Damasceno, É.P., Moreira, L.B., A Da Silva, V.P., Nascimento, R.F. & Cavalcante, R.M. (2021) Are pesticides only a problem from rural areas? The case of a highly urbanised tropical mangrove (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil). International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. DOI:10.1080/03067319.2021.1946524
  • Farag, M.R., Alagawany, M., Bilal, R.M., Gewida, A.G.A., Dhama, K., Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Amer, M.S., Rivero-Perez, N., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., Binnaser, Y.S., Batiha, G.E.-S. & Naiel, M.A.E. (2021). An overview on the potential hazards of pyrethroid insecticides in fish, with special emphasis on cypermethrin toxicity. Animals, 11(7): 1880. DOI:10.3390/ani11071880
  • Gillis, P.L., Higgins, S.K. & Jorge, M.B. (2014). Evidence of oxidative stress in wild freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) exposed to urban-derived contaminants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 62-69. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.026
  • Gustafson, L. L., Stoskopf, M. K., Bogan, A. E., Showers, W., Kwak, T. J., Hanlon, S. & Levine, J. F. (2005). Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for hemolymph collection in Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Mollusca: Unionidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 65(2), 159-165. DOI:10.3354/dao065159
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  • Katalay, S., Ayhan, M.M. & Günal, A.Ç. (2019). The effects of zinc pyrithione on total hemocyte counts of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(2), 185-189. DOI:10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.2.11
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Tatlı su midyesinin (Unio delicatus) hemosit parametreleri üzerine Cyfluthrinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 15.03.2022

Öz



Pestisitlerin aşırı kullanımı 20. yüzyıldan beri artan bir şekilde devam etmektedir. Bu kullanıma bağlı olarak hedef organizmalar dışında hedef olmayan organizmalar da etkilenmektedir. Cyfluthrin tarımda, evsel alanda ve veteriner sağlığında böceklere karşı kullanılan bir sentetik piretroit pestisittir. Sucul ekosistemlere karışması sonucunda hedef dışı sucul organizmalar üzerinde de etki gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada, sucul omurgasız türlerinden biri olan tatlı su midyelerinde cyfluthrinin etkisi hemosit parametreleri ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 24 ve 48 saat süre ile farklı cyfluthrin maruziyetine bırakılan midyelerden alınan hemolemften total hemosit sayısı, hemolemf hücre morfolojisi ve diferansiyel hemosit sayımı yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubuna göre, deney gruplarının total hemosit sayıları önemli ölçüde değişkenlik gösterdiği bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Hemosit morfolojilerinin incelenmesinde ise granüllü, yarı-granüllü ve hiyalinosit hücreleri gözlenmiştir. Ardından yapılan diferansiyel hemosit sayımı ile 24 ve 48 saatlik maruziyet sonucunda benzer değerler bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, sucul toksikoloji çalışmalarında total hemosit sayısının yanı sıra hemosit morfolojilerinin incelenmesi ve diferansiyel hemosit sayıları da iyi bir biyobelirteçtir. 



Kaynakça

  • Alkan Uçkun, A. (2018). Investigation of toxic metal contamination in water and sediments of Gölbaşı Lake (Adıyaman). Adıyaman University Journal of Science, 8 (2), 129-140.
  • Arslan, P., Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Kuzukiran, O., Ozeren, S.C. & Filazi, A. (2021a). Effects of acetamiprid and flumethrin on Unio sp. primary cells. Biologia, 76(4):1359-1365. DOI:10.1007/s11756-021-00692-2
  • Arslan, P., Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Ozeren, S.C., Kuzukiran, O. & Filazi, A. (2021b). In vitro effects of erythromycin and florfenicol on primary cell lines of Unio crassus and Cyprinus carpio. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-14139-3
  • Ayhan, M.M., Katalay, S. & Günal, A.Ç. (2021). How pollution effects the immune systems of invertebrate organisms (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 172, 112750. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112750
  • Banumathi, B., Vaseeharan, B., Suganya, P., Citarasu, T., Govindarajan, M., Alharbi, N.S., Kadaikunnan, S., Khaled, J.M. & Benelli, G. (2017). Toxicity of Camellia sinensis-fabricated silver nanoparticles on invertebrate and vertebrate organisms: morphological abnormalities and DNA damages. Journal of Cluster Science, 28, 2027–2040. DOI:10.1007/s10876-017-1201-5
  • Baussant, T., Bechmann, R. K., Taban, I. C., Larsen, B. K., Tandberg, A. H., Bjørnstad, A., Torgrimsen, S., Naevdal, A., Øysaed, K. B., Jonsson, G. & Sanni, S., (2009). Enzymatic and cellular responses in relation to body burden of PAHs in bivalve molluscs: a case study with chronic levels of North Sea and Barents Sea dispersed oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(12), 1796-1807. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.007
  • Berber, S., Ateş, S. & Acar, S., (2018). First observation of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)) on the narrow-clawed crayfish inhabiting in some water sources of Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(1), 55-61. DOI:10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.1.10
  • Bolognesi, C., & Fenech, M. (2012). Mussel micronucleus cytome assay. Nature protocols, 7(6), 1125-1137.
  • Bolotov, I.N., Kondakov, A.V., Konopleva, E.S., Vikhrev, I. V., Aksenova, O. A, Aksenov, A. S., Bespalaya, Y. V., Borovskoy, A. V., Danilov, P. P., Dvoryankin, G. A. Gofarov, M. Y., Kabakov, M. B., Klishko, O. K., Kolosova, Y. S., Lyubas, A. A., Novoselov, A. P., Palatov, D. M., Savvinov, G. N., Solomonov, N. M., Spitsyn, V. M., Sokolova, S. E., Tomilova, A. A., Froufe, E., Bogan, A. E., Lopes-Lima, M., Makhrov, A. A. & Vinarski, M. M., (2020). Integrative taxonomy, biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in Russia. Scientific Reports, 10, 3072. DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-59867-7
  • Canesi, L., Gavioli, M., Pruzzo, C. & Gallo, G. (2002). Bacteriahemocyte interactions and phagocytosis in marine bivalves. Microscopy Research Technique, 57, 469- 476. DOI:10.1002/jemt.10100
  • Ciacci, C., Fabbri, R., Betti, M., Roch, P. & Canesi, L. (2009). Seasonal changes in functional parameters of the hemolymph of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 6(1), 44-48.
  • Cryder, Z., Wolf, D., Carlan, C. & Gan, J. (2021). Removal of urban-use insecticides in a large-scale constructed wetland. Environmental Pollution, 268, Part A, 115586. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115586
  • Costa, P.M., Carreira, S., Costa, M. H. & Caeiro, S. (2013). Development of histopathological indices in a commercial marine bivalve (Ruditapes decussatus) to determine environmental quality. Aquatic Toxicology, 126, 442-454. DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.013
  • Duaví, W.C., Gama, A.F., Damasceno, É.P., Moreira, L.B., A Da Silva, V.P., Nascimento, R.F. & Cavalcante, R.M. (2021) Are pesticides only a problem from rural areas? The case of a highly urbanised tropical mangrove (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil). International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. DOI:10.1080/03067319.2021.1946524
  • Farag, M.R., Alagawany, M., Bilal, R.M., Gewida, A.G.A., Dhama, K., Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Amer, M.S., Rivero-Perez, N., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., Binnaser, Y.S., Batiha, G.E.-S. & Naiel, M.A.E. (2021). An overview on the potential hazards of pyrethroid insecticides in fish, with special emphasis on cypermethrin toxicity. Animals, 11(7): 1880. DOI:10.3390/ani11071880
  • Gillis, P.L., Higgins, S.K. & Jorge, M.B. (2014). Evidence of oxidative stress in wild freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) exposed to urban-derived contaminants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 62-69. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.026
  • Gustafson, L. L., Stoskopf, M. K., Bogan, A. E., Showers, W., Kwak, T. J., Hanlon, S. & Levine, J. F. (2005). Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for hemolymph collection in Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Mollusca: Unionidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 65(2), 159-165. DOI:10.3354/dao065159
  • Günal, A.Ç., Erkmen, B., Katalay,S., Ayhan, M.M., Gül, G. & Erkoç, F. (2018). Determinations of the effects antifouling copper pyrithione on total hemocyte counts of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(1): 15-17. DOI:10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.1.03
  • Günal, A.Ç., Tunca, S.K., Arslan, P., Gül, G. & Sepici Dinçel, A. (2021). How does sublethal permethrin effect non-target aquatic organisms?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 52405–52417. DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-14475-4
  • Katalay, S., Ayhan, M.M. & Günal, A.Ç. (2019). The effects of zinc pyrithione on total hemocyte counts of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(2), 185-189. DOI:10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.2.11
  • Larguinho, M., Cordeiro, A., Diniz, M.S., Costa, P.M. & Baptista, P.V., (2014). Metabolic and histopathological alterations in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis induced by chronic exposure to acrylamide, Environmental Research, 135, 55-62. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.004
  • Lizotte, R.E., Steinriede, R.W. & Locke, M.A. (2021) Occurrence of agricultural pesticides in Mississippi Delta Bayou sediments and their effects on the amphipod: Hyalella azteca. Chemistry and Ecology, 37(4), 305-322. DOI:10.1080/02757540.2021.1886281
  • Lopes-Lima, M., Gürlek, M.E., Kebapçı, Ü., Şereflişan, H., Yanık, T., Mirzajan, A., Neubert, E., Prie, V., Teixeira, A., Gomes-dos-Santos, A., Barros-Garcia, D., Bolotov, I. N., Kondakov, A. V., Vikhrev, I. V., Tomilova, A. A., Özcan, T., Altun, A., Gonçalves, D. V., Bogan, A. E. & Froufe, E., (2021). Diversity, biogeography, evolutionary relationships, and conservation of Eastern Mediterranean freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 163, 107261. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107261
  • Lundquist, S.P., Worthington, T.A. & Aldridge, D.C. (2019). Freshwater mussels as a tool for reconstructing climate history. Ecological Indicators, 101, 11-21. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.12.048.
  • Machado, A.A.S., Wood, C.M., Bianchini, A. & Gillis, P. L., (2014). Responses of biomarkers in wild freshwater mussels chronically exposed to complex contaminant mixtures. Ecotoxicology, 23, 1345–1358. DOI:10.1007/s10646-014-1277-8
  • Matazzo, V. & Marin, M.G. (2010). First cytochemical study of haemocytes from the crab Carcinus aestuarii (Crustacea, Decapoda). European Journal of Histochemistry, 54, e(9). DOI:10.4081/ejh.2010.e9
  • Matoo, O.B., Lannig, G., Bock, C. & Sokolova, I.M. (2021). Temperature but not ocean acidification affects energy metabolism and enzyme activities in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Ecology and Evolution, 11(7), 3366-3379.
  • Negishi, J.N., Nagayama, S., Kume, M., Sagawa, S., Kayaba, Y. & Yamanaka, Y. (2013). Unionoid mussels as an indicator of fish communities: A conceptual framework and empirical evidence, Ecological Indicators, 24, 127-137. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.029
  • Noleto, K.S., de Oliveira, S.R.S., Lima, I.M.A., de Jesus, W.B., da Silva Castro, J., de Santana, T.C., de Lima Cardoso, R., Jorge, M.B., Santos, D.M.S., de Torres-Junior, J.R. & Neta, R.N.F.C. (2021). Biochemical and histological biomarkers in Crassostrea sp. (Bivalvia, Ostreidae) for environmental monitoring of a neotropical Estuarine Area (Sao Jose Bay, Northeastern Brazil). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 106(4), 614-621. DOI:10.1007/s00128-021-03149-z
  • Nunes, A., Larson, M., Fragoso Jr, C. R. & Hanson, H. (2021). Modeling the salinity dynamics of a choked coastal lagoon and its impact on the Sururu mussel (Mytella falcata) population. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 45, 101807.
  • Palmquist, K., Salatas J. & Fairbrother, A. (2012). Pyrethroid insecticides: use, environmental fate, and ecotoxicology, In F. Perveen (Ed.), Insecticides: Advances in integrated pest management. ISBN: 978-953-307-780-2, InTech. DOI:10.5772/29495
  • Pérez–Velasco, R., Manzano–Sarabia, M. & Hurtado–Oliva, M. Á. (2021). Effect of hypo–and hypersaline stress conditions on physiological, metabolic, and immune responses in the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Bivalvia: Ostreidae). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 120, 252-260. DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.033
  • Sáenz, M.E, Di Marzio, W.D. & Alberdi, J.S. (2012). Assessment of Cyfluthrin commercial formulation on growth, photosynthesis and catalase activity of green algae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 104(1), 50-57. DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.07.001
  • Saidov, D.M. & Kosevich, I.A. (2021). Rehabilitation of Mytilus edulis larvae abnormalities induced by K2Cr2O7 in short-term experiments. Ecotoxicology, 30(6), 1242-1250. DOI:10.1007/s10646-021-02441-2.
  • Selvi, M., Sarıkaya, R., Erkoç, F. & Koçak, O. (2008). Acute toxicity of the cyfluthrin pesticide on guppy fish. Environmental Chemistry Letters. DOI:10.1007/s10311-008-0142-5
  • Serdar, O. (2021). Determination of the effect of cyfluthrin pesticide on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(1), 77-83. DOI:10.35229/jaes.804479
  • Sepici-Dinçel, A., Karasu Benli, A.Ç., Selvi, M., Sarıkaya, R., Şahin, D., Özkul, I.A. & Erkoç, F. (2009). Sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings: Biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(5), 1433-1439. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.01.008
  • Silva, J.E.B., Boleli, I.C. & Simoes, Z.L.P. (2002) Hemocyte types and total and differential counts in unparasitized and parasitized Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae) larvae. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62(4A), 689-699. DOI:10.1590/s1519-69842002000400017
  • Soderlund, D.M., Clark, J.M., Sheets, L.P., Mullin, L.S., Piccirillo, V.J., Sargent, D., Stevens, J.T. & Weiner, M.L. (2002) Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. Toxicology, 171, 3-59. DOI:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00569-8
  • Tresnakova, N., Günal, A.Ç., Kankılıç, G.B., Pacal, E., Tavsanoglu, U.N., Uyar, R. & Erkoc, F. (2020). Sub-lethal toxicities of zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione alone and in combination to the indicator mussel species Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 (Bivalvia, Unionidae). Chemıstry and Ecology, 36, 292-308. DOI:10.1080/02757540.2020.1735377
  • Verma, R., Rajawat, N.K., Awasthi, K.K., Syed, F., John, P.J. & Soni, I. (2021). ROS dependent neurotoxicity, genotoxicity & histopathological alterations triggered by β-cyfluthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 1737-1743. DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.959
  • Wagner, A. & Boman, J. (2004) Biomonitoring of trace elements in Vietnamese freshwater mussels. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 59(8),1125-1132. DOI:10.1016/j.sab.2003.11.009
  • Williams M.T., Gutierrez A. & Vorhees C.V. (2018) Effects of acute exposure of permethrin in adult and developing Sprague-Dawley rats on acoustic startle response and brain and plasma concentrations. Toxicological Sciences, 165(2), 361–371. DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfy142
  • Wu, F., Sokolov, E. P., Dellwig, O. & Sokolova, I. M. (2021). Season-dependent effects of ZnO nanoparticles and elevated temperature on bioenergetics of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Chemosphere, 263, 127780. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127780
  • Yavuzcan H.Y. & Benli, A.Ç.K. (2004) Nitrite toxicity to crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, the effects of sublethal nitrite exposure on hemolymph nitrite, total hemocyte counts, and hemolymph glucose. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 59(3):370–375. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.07.007 Yee‐Duarte, J. A., Ceballos‐Vázquez, B. P., Arellano‐Martínez, M., Camacho‐Mondragón, M. A. & Uría‐Galicia, E. (2018). Histopathological alterations in the gonad of Megapitaria squalida (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inhabiting a heavy metals polluted environment. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 30(2), 144-154.
  • Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Arslan, P., Kuzukiran, O., Filazi, A. & Erkoc, F. (2018). Unio sp. primary cell culture potential in ecotoxicology research. Toxin Reviews. 37(1): 75–81. DOI:10.1080/15569543.2017.1331360
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pınar Arslan 0000-0001-5910-2835

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, P. (2022). Determinations of the effects of cyfluthrin on the hemocytes parameters of freshwater mussel (Unio delicatus). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(1), 39-45.