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Assessment of pollution indicator some hematological biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) living in the Ceyhan River (Adana-Turkey)

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 375 - 382, 15.12.2017

Aysel Şahan , Sevkan Özütök , Fatma Çevik

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.4.03

Öz



This study was carried out in a domestic, slaughter house and
industrial discharging region of Ceyhan River and under the crest of the
Aslantaş Dam on the same river. In this study, the state of water quality and
their effects on some hematological parameters of African Catfish (Clarias
gariepinus)
was identified. Reserach, in the area under the crest of the Aslantaş
Dam (station I) located on the Ceyhan River and discharging region on the same
river (station II). water temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH,
nitrate (NO3-N),
nitrite (NO2-N),
ammonia (NH3-N) and
soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) values were determined in these two stations.
The study was realised on 45 fish from each station during the summer seasons
(June, July, August). The hematological parameters included erythrocyte (RBC)
and RBC indices (MCV: mean corpuscular volume, MCH: mean corpuscular
hemoglobin, MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin consentration), leukocyte (WBC),
haemoglobine (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) values and leukocyte cell formulas
(lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil), serum glucose and protein
levels were evaluated. The physico-chemical parameters observed that the water
at station II had higher COD, NH3-N,
NO2-N, pH and SRP
than at station I. In this study, WBC values and leukocyte cell formulas of C. gariepinus were found increasing by
means of environmental stressors and also, RBC, RBC indices, Hb and Hct values
were determined decreasing in C.
gariepinus collected from station II (p<0.05).
On the other hand, serum glucose levels were increased and protein levels were
decreased in station II. The study was found to be important in the
biomonitoring of pollution of aquatic ecosystems, in terms of rational use of
hematological parameters.



Anahtar Kelimeler

African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Ceyhan River Physico-Chemical Parameters Hematological Parameters Pollution

Kaynakça

  • Adeyemo, O.K. (2007). Haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to lead. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7: 163-169.
  • Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, C.T. & Ayyappan, S. (2004). Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 58:220-226. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.003
  • Alak, G., Atamanalp, M., Uçar, A., Arslan, H., Şensurat, T., Parlak, V. & Kocaman, E.M. (2012). Kahverengi alabalıklarda (Salmo trutta fario) kadmiyum toksisitesine karşı humik asit etkisinin hematolojik parametrelerle araştırılması. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 29(4):181-185. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2012.29.4.06
  • Anonim. (2000). Aslantas Dam and related aspects of the Ceyhan River Basin, Turkey. A WCD case study prepared as an input to the World Commission on Dams. Agrin Co. Ltd. Cape Town. www.dams.org.
  • Anonim. (2010). Havza Koruma Eylem Planlarının Hazırlanması Projesi. Ceyhan Havzası, Tübitak Mam Çevre Enstitüsü (Çe). Destekleyen Kuruluş: T.C. Çevre Ve Orman Bakanlığı 432 Sayfa.
  • APHA (American Public Health Association). (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Edition, Washington.
  • Appelbaum, S. & Kamler, E. (2000). Survival, growth, metabolism and behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) early stages under different light conditions. Aquaculture Engineering, 22:269-287. doi: 10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00054-6
  • Arslan, H. (2015). Pestisit sinerjisinin; gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yüzme performansı, biyokimyasal hematolojik, histopatolojik ve genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Su Ürünleri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum.
  • Ascherio, A., Chen, H., Weisskopf, M. G., O'Reilly, E., McCullough, M. L., Calle, E. E., Schwarzschild, M. A. & Thun, M. J. (2006). Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology, 60(2):197-203. doi: 10.1002/ana.20904
  • Aslan, G., Tumbat, G., Soyupak, S. & Yurteri, C. (1999). Aşağı Seyhan havzasında besin maddesi taşınımı. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science, 23:261-271.
  • Audu, B.S., Adamu, K. M. & Nonyelu, O.N. (2014). Changes in haematological parameters of Clarıas garıepınusexposed to century plant (Agave americana) leaf dust. International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 6(1):54-65.
  • Azizoğlu, A. & Cengizler, İ. (1996). Sağlıklı Oreochromis niloticus (L.) bireylerinde bazı hematolojik parametrelerin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 20:425-431.
  • Bashir, N. Y., Lockwood, P., Chasteen, A. L., Nadolny, D. & Noyes, I. (2013). The ironic impact of activists: Negative stereotypes reduce social change influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43:614–626. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1983
  • Bauer, O.N. (1987). Key to the parasites of freshwater fishes of the fauna USSR, Part 3, Nauka, Leningrad, 583 p.
  • Blaxhall, P.C. (1972). The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish, Journal of Fish Biology, 4:593-604. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x
  • Çelik, E.Ş. & Bilgin, S. (2007).Bazı balık türleri için kan protein ve lipidlerinin standardizasyonu. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23 (1-2 ):215–229.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2008). Balık türleri için kan glukozunun standardizasyonu. Su Ürünleri Mühendisleri Derneği Dergisi, 1:38-41.
  • Çiftçi, N., Cicik, B., Erdem, C. & Ay, Ö. (2008). Effects of lead concentrations on sera parameters and hematocrit levels in Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758). Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2(4):616-622.
  • Durmaz Bekmezci, H. (2010). Aşağı Seyhan ovası drenaj sistemlerindeki kirlilik etmenlerinin Clarias gariepinus’ta toksik etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji AnaBilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi. Adana.
  • Economou, A.N., Giakoumi, S., Vardakas, L., Barbieri, R., Stoumboudi, M. & Zogaris, S. (2007). The freshwater ıchthyofauna of greece-an update based on a hydrographic basin survey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 8(1):91-166. doi: 10.12681/mms.164
  • Edwards, T.M. & Guillette, L.J. (2007). Reproductive characteristics of male mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) from nitrate-contaminated springs in Florida. Aquatic Toxicology, 85(1):40-47.
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  • Fırat, Ö. (2007).Oreochromis niloticus’ta metal (Zn, Cd) ve metal karışımının (Zn+Cd) kan dokusunda fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana
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Ceyhan Nehri (Adana-Türkiye)'nin farklı bölgelerinden yakalanan Afrika kedi balığı (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)’nda su kalitesinin bazı hematolojik parametreler üzerine etkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 375 - 382, 15.12.2017

Aysel Şahan , Sevkan Özütök , Fatma Çevik

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.4.03

Öz



Bu
çalışma, Ceyhan Nehri’nin evsel, mezbaha ve endüstriyel atıklarının deşarj
kaynaklarının yakınında bulunan bölge ile aynı nehir üzerindeki Aslantaş
Barajı’nın kret altı bölgesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, su kalitesinin
durumu ve bu durumun Afrika kedibalığı (Clarias gariepinus Burchell,
1822)’ndaki bazı hematolojik
parametreler üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, Ceyhan Nehri
üzerindeki Aslantaş barajı’nın kret altı bölgesi (istasyon I) ile aynı Nehrin
evsel, tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıkların mevcut olduğu (istasyon II) bölgesinde
yapılmıştır. Bu iki istasyonda, su sıcaklığı, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ),
pH, nitrat (NO3-N),
nitrit (NO2-N),
amonyak (NH3-N) ve
çözünmüş reaktif fosfor (ÇRF) değerleri tayin edilmiştir. Araştırma, yaz mevsiminde (Haziran, Temmuz,
Ağustos) ve her bir istasyondan 45 adet balık örneklenerek
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca hematolojik parametrelerden eritrosit (RBC)
ve RBC indeksleri (MCV: Ortalama Eritrosit Büyüklüğü, MCH: Ortalama Eritrosit
Hemoglobini, MCHC: Ortalama Eritrosit Hemoglobin Konsantrasyonu), lökosit
(WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (Hct) değerleri ve lökosit hücre formülleri
(lenfosit, monosit, nötrofil, eozinofil) ile serum glikoz ve protein seviyeleri
gözlenmiştir. İstasyon II’deki fiziko-kimyasal parametre KOİ, NH3-N, NO2-N, pH ve ÇRF
seviyeleri, istasyon I’den daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, Ceyhan Nehri’nin
deşarj bölgesinden yakalanan C.gariepinus’ta WBC değerleri ve lökosit
hücre formüllerinde çevresel stresörlerden dolayı artışlar, RBC, RBC
indeksleri, Hb ve Hct değerlerinde ise azalma tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05).
Diğer yandan aynı bölgedeki serum glikoz seviyeleri yükselmiş, protein
değerleri ise düşmüştür. Çalışma, sucul ekosistemlerin kirliliklerinin
biyolojik takiplerinde, hematolojik parametrelerin rasyonel kullanımları
açısından önem arz etmektedir.



Anahtar Kelimeler

Afrika Kedi Balığı (Clarias gariepinus Burchell Ceyhan Nehri Fiziko-Kimyasal Parametreler Hematolojik Parametreler Kirlilik

Kaynakça

  • Adeyemo, O.K. (2007). Haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to lead. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7: 163-169.
  • Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, C.T. & Ayyappan, S. (2004). Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 58:220-226. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.003
  • Alak, G., Atamanalp, M., Uçar, A., Arslan, H., Şensurat, T., Parlak, V. & Kocaman, E.M. (2012). Kahverengi alabalıklarda (Salmo trutta fario) kadmiyum toksisitesine karşı humik asit etkisinin hematolojik parametrelerle araştırılması. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 29(4):181-185. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2012.29.4.06
  • Anonim. (2000). Aslantas Dam and related aspects of the Ceyhan River Basin, Turkey. A WCD case study prepared as an input to the World Commission on Dams. Agrin Co. Ltd. Cape Town. www.dams.org.
  • Anonim. (2010). Havza Koruma Eylem Planlarının Hazırlanması Projesi. Ceyhan Havzası, Tübitak Mam Çevre Enstitüsü (Çe). Destekleyen Kuruluş: T.C. Çevre Ve Orman Bakanlığı 432 Sayfa.
  • APHA (American Public Health Association). (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Edition, Washington.
  • Appelbaum, S. & Kamler, E. (2000). Survival, growth, metabolism and behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) early stages under different light conditions. Aquaculture Engineering, 22:269-287. doi: 10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00054-6
  • Arslan, H. (2015). Pestisit sinerjisinin; gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yüzme performansı, biyokimyasal hematolojik, histopatolojik ve genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Su Ürünleri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum.
  • Ascherio, A., Chen, H., Weisskopf, M. G., O'Reilly, E., McCullough, M. L., Calle, E. E., Schwarzschild, M. A. & Thun, M. J. (2006). Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology, 60(2):197-203. doi: 10.1002/ana.20904
  • Aslan, G., Tumbat, G., Soyupak, S. & Yurteri, C. (1999). Aşağı Seyhan havzasında besin maddesi taşınımı. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science, 23:261-271.
  • Audu, B.S., Adamu, K. M. & Nonyelu, O.N. (2014). Changes in haematological parameters of Clarıas garıepınusexposed to century plant (Agave americana) leaf dust. International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 6(1):54-65.
  • Azizoğlu, A. & Cengizler, İ. (1996). Sağlıklı Oreochromis niloticus (L.) bireylerinde bazı hematolojik parametrelerin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 20:425-431.
  • Bashir, N. Y., Lockwood, P., Chasteen, A. L., Nadolny, D. & Noyes, I. (2013). The ironic impact of activists: Negative stereotypes reduce social change influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43:614–626. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1983
  • Bauer, O.N. (1987). Key to the parasites of freshwater fishes of the fauna USSR, Part 3, Nauka, Leningrad, 583 p.
  • Blaxhall, P.C. (1972). The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish, Journal of Fish Biology, 4:593-604. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x
  • Çelik, E.Ş. & Bilgin, S. (2007).Bazı balık türleri için kan protein ve lipidlerinin standardizasyonu. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23 (1-2 ):215–229.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2008). Balık türleri için kan glukozunun standardizasyonu. Su Ürünleri Mühendisleri Derneği Dergisi, 1:38-41.
  • Çiftçi, N., Cicik, B., Erdem, C. & Ay, Ö. (2008). Effects of lead concentrations on sera parameters and hematocrit levels in Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758). Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2(4):616-622.
  • Durmaz Bekmezci, H. (2010). Aşağı Seyhan ovası drenaj sistemlerindeki kirlilik etmenlerinin Clarias gariepinus’ta toksik etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji AnaBilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi. Adana.
  • Economou, A.N., Giakoumi, S., Vardakas, L., Barbieri, R., Stoumboudi, M. & Zogaris, S. (2007). The freshwater ıchthyofauna of greece-an update based on a hydrographic basin survey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 8(1):91-166. doi: 10.12681/mms.164
  • Edwards, T.M. & Guillette, L.J. (2007). Reproductive characteristics of male mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) from nitrate-contaminated springs in Florida. Aquatic Toxicology, 85(1):40-47.
  • Erol, H. (2010). SPSS paket programı ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Nobel KitapEvi. 167-210. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.014
  • Fırat, Ö. (2007).Oreochromis niloticus’ta metal (Zn, Cd) ve metal karışımının (Zn+Cd) kan dokusunda fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana
  • Fujimaki, Y. & Isoda, M. (1990). Fine-structural of leukocytes in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Journal of Fish Biology, 36:821-831. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05630.x
  • Gaafar, A.Y., El-Manakhly, E.M., Soliman, M.K., Soufy H., Mona, S.Z., Mohamed, S.G. & Hassan, S.M. (2010). Some pathological, biochemical and haematolocal investigations on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following chronic exposure to edifenphos pestiside. Journal of American Science, 6(10):542-551.
  • Gaber, H.S., El-Kasheif, M.A., Ibrahim, S.A. & Authman, M.M.N. (2013). Effect of water pollution in el-rahawy drainage canal on hematology and organs of freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus. World Applied Science Journal, 21:329–341.
  • Geldiay, R. & Balık, S. (1998). Türkiye‟nin tatlısu balıkları. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No: 37, İzmir.
  • Güler, Ç. & Çobanoğlu, Z. (1997). Pestisitler. Çevre sağlığı temel kaynak dizisi. No: 52. T.C. Sağlık bakanlığı, sağlık projesi genel koordinatörlüğü. ISBN 1975-8088-69-6, İlköz matbaası I. Baskı. Ankara.
  • Hoeger, B., Koellner, B., Kotterba, G., Van den Heuvel, M.R., Hitzfeld, B. & Dietrich, D.R. (2004). Influence of chronic exposure to treated sewage effluent on the distribution of white blood cell populations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen. Toxicological Sciences, 82:97-105. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh250
  • Jacobson-Kram, D. & Keller, K. A. (2001). Toxicology testing handbook. Marcel Dekker Ed., New York.
  • Javed, M. & Usmani, N. (2013). Haematological indices of Channa punctatus as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in waste water aquaculture pond, Panethi, India. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12:520-525. doi: 10.5897/AJB12.2115
  • Kestemont, P., Didier, J., Depiereux, E. & Micha, J.C. (2000). Selecting ıchthyological metrics to assess river basin ecological quality. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 121:321-348.
  • Kocabatmaz, M. & Ekingen, G. (1984). Standardization of haematological methods and taking blood from various fish species. Journal of Natural Science, 2:149-159.
  • Konuk, T. (1981). Practical Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, 181p.
  • Küçük, S., Öztürk, S. & Çoban, D. (2016). Su ürünlerinde kullanılan anestezikler. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13:79-85. doi: 10.25308/aduziraat.294075
  • Moravec, F. (1994). Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe, Prag., 473p.
  • Musa, S.O. & Omoregie, E. (1999). Haematological changes in the mudfish, Clarias gariepinus(Burchell), exposed to malachite green. Journal of Aquatic Science, 14:37-42. doi: 10.4314/jas.v14i1.19971
  • Natt, M.P. & Herrick, C.A. (1952). A New Blood Diluent for Couting the Erytrocytes and Leucocytes of the Chicken. Poult. Sci., 31:735-738. doi: 10.3382/ps.0310735
  • Okomoda, J., Ayuba, V.O. & Omeji, S. (2010). Heamatological changes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings exposed to acute toxicity of formalin. Publication of Nasarawa State University, Keffi PAT.
  • Okomoda, V.T., Ataguba, G.A. & Ayuba, V.O. (2013). Hematological response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to acute concentrations of sunsate. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 9(2):271-278.
  • O’Neal, C.C. & Weirich, C.R. (2001). Effects of low level salinity on prod. and haematological parameters of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in multicrop ponds. Aquaculture International Triennial Conference of World Aquaculture Society, 21-25. In: Book of abstract.
  • Onusiriuka B.C. & Ufodike, E.B.C. (2000). Effects of sublethal concentrations of akee apple, Blighia sapida and sausage plant, Kigelia Africana on tissue chemistry of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Aquatic Science, 15:47-49. doi: 0.4314/jas.v15i1.19987
  • Osman, R.W., Munguia, P. & Zajac, R.N. (2010). Ecological thresholds in marine communities: theory, experiments and management. Marıne Ecology Progress Series, 413:185–187. doi: 10.3354/meps08765
  • Pickering, A.D. (1992). Rainbow trout husbandry: management of the stress response. Aquaculture, 100:125-139. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90354-N
  • Priya, B.P., Rachel, V. & Maruth, Y.A. (2012). Acute toxicity effect of imidacloprid insecticide on serum biochemical parameters of fresh water teleost Channa punctatus. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology, 1(2):18-22.
  • Rainza-Paiva, M.J.T., Ishikawa, C.M., Das Eiras, A.A. & Felizardo, N.N. (2000). Haemotological analysis of Chara, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum in captivity. Responsible aquaculture in the new millennium. European Aquaculture Society Special Publication, 28: 590.Nice, France
  • Rehulka, J. (2000). Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition and some blood indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 190:27-47. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00383-5
  • Rehulka, J. (2002a). Aeromonas causes severe skin lesions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Clinical pathology, haematology and biochemistry. Acta Veterinary Brno, 71:351-360. doi: 10.2754/avb200271030351
  • Rehulka, J. (2002b). Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls Delor 103 on some haematological and biochemicalindices of the blood plasma of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). In: The second PCB workshop. Brno, Czech Republic. (Book of Abstracts): 36.
  • Rogers, J.T., Richards, J.G. & Wood, C.M. (2003). Ionregulatory disruption as the acute toxic mechanism for lead in the rainbow trout. Aquatic Toxicology, 64(2):215-34. doi: 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00053-5
  • Saravanan, M., Prabhu Kumar, K. & Ramesh, M. (2011). Haematological and biochemical responses of freshwater teleost fish Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) during acute and chronic subletal exposure to lindane. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100(3):206-211. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.04.002
  • Schreck, C.B. & Moyle, P.B. (1994). Methods for Fish Biology. AmericanFisheries Society. Exxon Company. Maryland, U.S.A. 313.
  • Seith, N. & Saxena KK. (2003). Haematological responses in a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus due to fenvalerate. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 7:1192-9.
  • Stanley, O.N. & Omerebele, U.A.M. (2010). Changes in the hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead poisoning. Journal of Fsheries International, 5(4):72-76. doi: 10.3923/jfish.2010.72.76
  • Tanyer, G. (1985). Hematoloji ve laboratuvar. Ayyıldız matbaası. Ankara, 441.
  • Tayel, S.I., Yacoub, A.M. & Mahmoud, S.A. (2008). Histopathological and haematological responses to freshwater pollution in the Nile catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Development, 9 (4):43- 60.
  • UNESCO/WHO/UNEP. (2003). Water Quality Assessments - A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring –Second Edition, Edited by Deborah Chapman 609 pp.
  • Wedemeyer, G. A. & McLeay, D. J. (1981). Methods for determining the tolerance of fishes to environmental stressors. In A. D. Pickering (ed.), Stress and fish Academic Press, New York., 247–275.
  • Yalçın, S., Akyurt, I. & Solak, K. (2001). Certain reproductive characteristics of the catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) living in the River Asi (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25:453–460.
  • Yavuzcan Yıldız, H. & Polatsu, S. (1999). Evaluation of the secondary stres response in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) after treatment with a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue. Aquaculture Research, 30:379-383. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00341.x
  • Yeşilbudak, B., Duran, S., Tunçsoy, M. & Erdem, C. (2013). Some morphometric properties of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) population in Aslantaş dam lake (Osmaniye). Journalof Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 9(2):1-7.
  • Yılmazer, D. & Yaman, S. (1999). Heavy metal pollution and chemical profile of Ceyhan river (Adana-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science, 23:59-61.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aysel Şahan

Sevkan Özütök

Fatma Çevik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahan, A., Özütök, S., & Çevik, F. (2017). Assessment of pollution indicator some hematological biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) living in the Ceyhan River (Adana-Turkey). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(4), 375-382. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.4.03