Derleme
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 463 - 467, 15.12.2017
Öz
Although groundwater is more reliable and clean water resource
when it is used as a drinking water, it is difficult to treat once it is
polluted. One of the most important pollution paremeters in groundwater is
nitrate which might be discharged by domestic or industrial wastes,
agricultural activities, fertilizers and animal wastes. Even though
denitrification, ion exchange, reverse osmos are widely used treatment methods
for nitrate removal, biological treatment methods have effectively been also
used. Nitrate removal from groundwater by microalgae is used as an alternative
method in biological treatment methods. On the other hand, there are some
topics which need to be investigated about chemical compositon of groundwater
and microalgae growth.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Almasri, M.N. (2007). Nitrate contamination of groundwater: A conceptual management framework. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27(3):220-242. doi:10.1016/J.Eiar.2006.11.002
- Anonim. (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Alıntılama adresi: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/02/20050217-3.htm (17.02.2005).
- Anonim. (2014). Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak Su Kaynakları. Alıntılama adresi: http://www.dsi.gov.tr/toprak-ve-su-kaynaklari (2014).
- Archna, Sharma, S.K. & Sobti, R.C. (2012). Nitrate removal from ground water: A review. E-Journal of Chemistry 9(4):1667-1675.
- Aslan, S.T., A., Ovez, B., Yuksel, M. & Alyanak, I. (2001). Investigating groundwater pollution around Urla and Menemen in the Aegean Region. Groundwaters and Environment Symposium (2001), İzmir, Turkey.
- Borowitzka, M. (1999). Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. Journald of Biotechnology 70:313-321.
- Brennan, L. & Owende, P. (2010). Biofuels from microalgae- A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14:557-577.
- Christenson, L. & Sims, R. (2011). Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnology Advances 29:686-702.
- Çakmak, Ö. (2007). Eskişehir ilinde yeraltı ve yüzeysel sulardaki nitrat kirliliğinin kirletici kaynakları göz önünde bulundurarak değerlendirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi. Frind, E.D.W. Strebel, O. & Boettcher, J. (1990). Modeling of multicomponent transport with microbial transformation in ground water: the Fuhrberg case. Water Resources Research 26(8):1707-1719.
- Hoffman, J.P. (1998). Wastewater treatment with suspended and nonsuspended algae. Journal of Phycology 34:757-763.
- Hu, Q. & Sommerfeld, M. (2004). Selection of high performance microalgae for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Alıntılama adresi: https://water.usgs.gov/wrri/grantetails.php?ProjectID=2003AZ15B&Year=2003 (2003).
- Hu, Q., Westerhoff, P. & Vermaas, W. (2000). Removal of nitrate from groundwater by cyanobacteria: Quantitative assessment of factors influencing nitrate uptake. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66(1):133-139.
- Kapoor, A. & Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Nitrate removal from drinking water - Review. Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce 123(4):371-380. doi:10.1061/(Asce)0733-9372(1997)123:4(371)
- Korkut, R.N. (2009). Deliçay-Tarsus Çayı (Mersin) arasındaki bölgedeki yeraltısularında nitrat ve nitrit kirliliğinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Mersin Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Korom, S.F. (1992). Natural denitrification in the saturated zone - A review. Water Resources Research 28(6):1657-1668. doi:10.1029/92wr00252
- Lee, K. & Lee, C.G. (2002). Nitrogen removal from wastewaters by microalgae without consuming organic carbon sources. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12(6):979-985.
- Lin, Y.F., Jing, S.R., Wang, T.W. & Lee, D.Y. (2002). Effects of macrophytes and external carbon sources on nitrate removal from groundwater in constructed wetlands. Environmental Pollution 119(3):413-420. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00299-8
- Majumdar, D.G.N. (2000). Nitrate pollution of groundwater and associated human health disorders. Indian Journal of Environmental Health 42(1):28-39.
- Nas, B. & Berktay, A. (2006). Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the city of Konya, (Turkey): A GIS perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 79(1):30-37. doi:10.1016/J.Jenvman.2005.05.010
- Polat, R.E.A., Şimşek, C. & Gündüz, O. (2007). İzmir-Nif dağı çevresindeki yeraltı suyu nitrat kirliliği boyutunun mevsimsel değerlendirilmesi. 7. Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi (2007), İzmir, Türkiye.
- Postma, D., Boesen, C., Kristiansen, H. & Larsen, F. (1991). Nitrate reduction in an unconfined sandy aquifer - Water chemistry, reduction processes, and geochemical modeling. Water Resources Research 27(8):2027-2045. doi:10.1029/91wr00989
- Rathod, H. (2014). Algae based waste water treatment, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
- Shamrukh, M., Corapcioglu, M.Y. & Hassona, F.A.A. (2001). Modeling the effect of chemical fertilizers on ground water quality in the Nile Valley aquifer, Egypt. Ground Water 39(1):59-67. doi:10.1111/J.1745-6584.2001.Tb00351.X
- Singh, M., Shukla, R. & Das, K. (2013). Biotechnological applications of microalgae: Biodiesel and value-added products In F. Bux (Ed.), Harvesting of microalgal biomass (pp 77- 87). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- Sönmez, İ.K.M. & Sönmez, S. (2008). Kimyasal gübrelerin çevre kirliliği üzerine etkileri ve çözüm önerileri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi 25(2):24-34.
- Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H. & Cox, S.E. (2000). Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths. Water Resources Research, 36(6):1545-1559. doi:10.1029/2000wr900035
- Tesoriero, A.J. & Voss, F.D. (1997). Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability. Ground Water 35(6):1029-1039. doi:10.1111/J.1745-6584.1997.Tb00175.X
- Uğurluoğlu, A. (2013). Seydisuyu Havzası yeraltı su kalitesinin ve kirlilik düzeyinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans), Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Upadhyaya, G., Jackson, J., Clancy, T.M., Hyun, S.P., Brown, J. & Hayes, K. F. (2010). Simultaneous removal of nitrate and arsenic from drinking water sources utilizing a fixed-bed bioreactor system. Water Research 44(17):4958-4969. doi:10.1016/J.Watres.2010.07.037
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 463 - 467, 15.12.2017
Öz
İçme suyu kaynağı olarak kullanılan
yeraltı suları diğer su kaynaklarına göre daha güvenilir ve temiz olmasına
karşın, kirlenmesi durumunda arıtılması oldukça güçtür. Yeraltı suyunun önemli
kirlilik parametrelerinden biri olan nitrat, yeraltı suyuna evsel ve
endüstriyel atıklar, tarımsal faaliyetler, gübreler ve hayvan atıkları ile
ulaşmaktadır. Nitrat kirliliğinin gideriminde denitrifikasyon, iyon değiştirme,
ters ozmoz gibi yöntemler kullanılsa da biyolojik arıtma yöntemleri etkin
şekilde kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Yeraltı sularından nitrat kirliliğinin
gideriminde biyolojik yöntemler arasında mikroalgler alternatif bir yöntem
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Buna karşın, yeraltı sularının kimyasal bileşimi ve
mikroalglerin büyütülmesi ile ilgili araştırılması gereken birçok konu
bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikroalg nitrat giderimi yeraltı suyu biyolojik arıtım biyolojik arıtım
Kaynakça
- Almasri, M.N. (2007). Nitrate contamination of groundwater: A conceptual management framework. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27(3):220-242. doi:10.1016/J.Eiar.2006.11.002
- Anonim. (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Alıntılama adresi: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/02/20050217-3.htm (17.02.2005).
- Anonim. (2014). Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak Su Kaynakları. Alıntılama adresi: http://www.dsi.gov.tr/toprak-ve-su-kaynaklari (2014).
- Archna, Sharma, S.K. & Sobti, R.C. (2012). Nitrate removal from ground water: A review. E-Journal of Chemistry 9(4):1667-1675.
- Aslan, S.T., A., Ovez, B., Yuksel, M. & Alyanak, I. (2001). Investigating groundwater pollution around Urla and Menemen in the Aegean Region. Groundwaters and Environment Symposium (2001), İzmir, Turkey.
- Borowitzka, M. (1999). Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. Journald of Biotechnology 70:313-321.
- Brennan, L. & Owende, P. (2010). Biofuels from microalgae- A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14:557-577.
- Christenson, L. & Sims, R. (2011). Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnology Advances 29:686-702.
- Çakmak, Ö. (2007). Eskişehir ilinde yeraltı ve yüzeysel sulardaki nitrat kirliliğinin kirletici kaynakları göz önünde bulundurarak değerlendirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi. Frind, E.D.W. Strebel, O. & Boettcher, J. (1990). Modeling of multicomponent transport with microbial transformation in ground water: the Fuhrberg case. Water Resources Research 26(8):1707-1719.
- Hoffman, J.P. (1998). Wastewater treatment with suspended and nonsuspended algae. Journal of Phycology 34:757-763.
- Hu, Q. & Sommerfeld, M. (2004). Selection of high performance microalgae for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Alıntılama adresi: https://water.usgs.gov/wrri/grantetails.php?ProjectID=2003AZ15B&Year=2003 (2003).
- Hu, Q., Westerhoff, P. & Vermaas, W. (2000). Removal of nitrate from groundwater by cyanobacteria: Quantitative assessment of factors influencing nitrate uptake. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66(1):133-139.
- Kapoor, A. & Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Nitrate removal from drinking water - Review. Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce 123(4):371-380. doi:10.1061/(Asce)0733-9372(1997)123:4(371)
- Korkut, R.N. (2009). Deliçay-Tarsus Çayı (Mersin) arasındaki bölgedeki yeraltısularında nitrat ve nitrit kirliliğinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Mersin Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Korom, S.F. (1992). Natural denitrification in the saturated zone - A review. Water Resources Research 28(6):1657-1668. doi:10.1029/92wr00252
- Lee, K. & Lee, C.G. (2002). Nitrogen removal from wastewaters by microalgae without consuming organic carbon sources. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12(6):979-985.
- Lin, Y.F., Jing, S.R., Wang, T.W. & Lee, D.Y. (2002). Effects of macrophytes and external carbon sources on nitrate removal from groundwater in constructed wetlands. Environmental Pollution 119(3):413-420. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00299-8
- Majumdar, D.G.N. (2000). Nitrate pollution of groundwater and associated human health disorders. Indian Journal of Environmental Health 42(1):28-39.
- Nas, B. & Berktay, A. (2006). Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the city of Konya, (Turkey): A GIS perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 79(1):30-37. doi:10.1016/J.Jenvman.2005.05.010
- Polat, R.E.A., Şimşek, C. & Gündüz, O. (2007). İzmir-Nif dağı çevresindeki yeraltı suyu nitrat kirliliği boyutunun mevsimsel değerlendirilmesi. 7. Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi (2007), İzmir, Türkiye.
- Postma, D., Boesen, C., Kristiansen, H. & Larsen, F. (1991). Nitrate reduction in an unconfined sandy aquifer - Water chemistry, reduction processes, and geochemical modeling. Water Resources Research 27(8):2027-2045. doi:10.1029/91wr00989
- Rathod, H. (2014). Algae based waste water treatment, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
- Shamrukh, M., Corapcioglu, M.Y. & Hassona, F.A.A. (2001). Modeling the effect of chemical fertilizers on ground water quality in the Nile Valley aquifer, Egypt. Ground Water 39(1):59-67. doi:10.1111/J.1745-6584.2001.Tb00351.X
- Singh, M., Shukla, R. & Das, K. (2013). Biotechnological applications of microalgae: Biodiesel and value-added products In F. Bux (Ed.), Harvesting of microalgal biomass (pp 77- 87). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- Sönmez, İ.K.M. & Sönmez, S. (2008). Kimyasal gübrelerin çevre kirliliği üzerine etkileri ve çözüm önerileri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi 25(2):24-34.
- Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H. & Cox, S.E. (2000). Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths. Water Resources Research, 36(6):1545-1559. doi:10.1029/2000wr900035
- Tesoriero, A.J. & Voss, F.D. (1997). Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability. Ground Water 35(6):1029-1039. doi:10.1111/J.1745-6584.1997.Tb00175.X
- Uğurluoğlu, A. (2013). Seydisuyu Havzası yeraltı su kalitesinin ve kirlilik düzeyinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans), Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Upadhyaya, G., Jackson, J., Clancy, T.M., Hyun, S.P., Brown, J. & Hayes, K. F. (2010). Simultaneous removal of nitrate and arsenic from drinking water sources utilizing a fixed-bed bioreactor system. Water Research 44(17):4958-4969. doi:10.1016/J.Watres.2010.07.037
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Derleme |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Aralık 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Nisan 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4 |