Araştırma Makalesi
Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a replacer for soybean meal in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
Öz
A 60-day feeding
trial was conducted to asses the potential nutritive value of sesame seed meal
as a dietary replacement for soybean meal in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). All
diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous (49% protein), isolipidic (19% lipid)
and isoenergetic (22 kJ g-1). Four different diets containing 0% (C), 10%
(10SSM), 15% (15SSM) and 20% (20SSM) sesame seed meal were formulated for
rainbow trout with a mean weight of 81.02±0.02 g and fish were hand fed feed
twice a day to apparent satiety under a natural light regime. At the end of
study, significant differences were found in final body weight, weight gain and
specific growth rate (SGR, %) between control group (C) and the experimental
groups (p<0.05). While there were no significant differences between the
experimental groups in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein
efficiency rate (PER) (p>0.05), Apparent Net Protein Retention (ANPR)
differed significant between C and 10SSM and 15SSM and 20SSM groups
(p<0.05). The moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents in the body
composition of the fish increased in all experimental groups. The moisture, lipid
and ash content were not significantly differed among the groups (p>0.05)
but protein contents of fish in 15SSM and 20SSM groups was significantly higher
than fish in control and 10SSM groups (p<0.05). There were also no
differences in the digestibility of crude protein among groups (p>0.05).
Comparable performance in growth, nutrient utilization and crude protein
deposition of rainbow trout fed by diet containing 15% sesame seed meal showed
that these meals could be used as this rate.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arrieta, M.P. & Prats-Moya, M.S. (2012). Free amino acids and biogenic amines in Alicante Monastrell wines. Food Chemistry, 135:1511–1519. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.008
- Atalayoğlu, G. & Çakmak, M.N. (2010). Pullu Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L. 1843) Yemlerinde fındık küspesinin kullanılma olanaklarının araştırılması. Fırat Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2):71-78.
- AOAC. (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
- Barros, M.M., Lim, C. & Celcius, P.H. (2002). Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Aquaculture, 207:263-279.
- Bilgin, Ö., Türker, A. & Tekinay, A.A. (2007). The use of hazelnut meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 31(3):145-151.
- Brown, P.B. (2008). Utilization of soy products in diets of freshwater fishes. In: Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. (Eds), Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets, pp. 225-260. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Caballero, M.J., Lopez-Calero, G., Socorro, J., Roo, F.J., Izquierdo, M.S. & Fernandez, A.J. (1999). Combined effect of lipid level and fish meal quality on liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 179:277-290.
- Cheng, Z.J. & Hardy, R.W. (2002). Apparent digestibility coefficients and nutritional value of cottonseed meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 212:361-372. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00260-0
- Degani, G. (2006). Digestible energy in dietary sorghum, wheat bran and rye in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Israeli J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh, 58:71-77.
- Deng, J., Zhang, X., Tao, L., Bi, B., Kong, L. & Lei, X. (2011). D-lysine can be effectively utilized for growth by common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:467-475. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00783.x
- De Silva, S.S. & Anderson, T.A. (1995). Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman and Hall, London, 319 pp.
- El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1987). Protein and energy requirements of Tilapia zillii. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
- El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1999). Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreachromis spp. Aquaculture, 170:149-168. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00159-3
- Emadi, H., Mokhayer, B. & Faal, M. (2014). Alternative role of sesame seed replacing fish meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(3):608-620.
- Enyidi, U.D., Pirhonen, J., Vielma, J. (2014). Effects of sesame seed meal and bambaranut meal on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(4):998-1013.
- Facunle, J.O., Alatise, S.P., Effiong, B.N. & Tiamiyu, K. (2013). Effects of replacing Sayabeans meal with graded levels of boiles jatropha kernel meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology anf Life Sciences, 2(9): 112-117.
- Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. & Jimoh, W.A. (2010). Nutritional evaluation of sunflower and sesame seed meal in Clarias gariepinus: An assessment by growth performance and nutrient utilization. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22):3096-3101.
- Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. & Jimoh, W.A. (2013). Haematological profile of blood of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell,1822) fed sunflower and sesame meal based diets. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(1):80-86. doi: 10.3923/jfas.2013.80.86
- Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. (2001). Anti-nutritional factors present in plant derived alternative fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199:197-227.
- Gaber, M.M. (2006). Partial and complete replacement of fish meal by broad bean meal in feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., fry. Aquaculture Research, 37:986-993. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01517.x
- Glencross, B., Hawkins, W., Evans, D., Rutherford, N., Dods, K., Mccafferty, P. & Sipsas, S. (2008). Evaluation of the influence of Lupinus angustifolius kernel meal on dietary nutrient and energy utilization efficiency by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 14:129-138. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00512.x
- Hasan, M.R., Macintosh, D.J. & Jauncey, K. (1997). Evaluation of some plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fry. Aquaculture, 151:55-70. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01499-8
- Hardy, R. (2008). Farmed fish diet requirements for the next decade and implacations for global availability of nutrients. In: Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. (Eds), Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets, pp. 1-15. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Jahanbakhshi, A., Imanpuor, M., Taghizadeh, V. & Shabani, A. (2012). Effects of replacing fish meal with plant protein (sesame oil cake and corn gluten) on growth performance, survival and carcass quality of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 4(4):422-425. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2012.04.04.63107
- Jimoh, W.A. & Aroyehun, H.T. (2011). Evaluation of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a replacer for soybean meal in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11:185-190. doi: 10.4194/trjfas.2011.0202
- Jimoh, W.A., Fagbenro, O.A. & Adeparusi, E.O. (2014). Response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings fed diets containing differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal. Agricultural Sciences, 5:1159-1171. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.512126
- Lim, C. & Akiyama, D.M. (1992). Full-fat soybean meal utilization fry fish. Asian Fisheries Science, 5:181-197.
- Lowell, R.T. (1988). Use of soybean products in diets for aquaculture species. J. Aqua. Prod., 2:27-52.
- Mohanta, K.N., Mohanty, S.N., Jena1, J. & Sahu, N.P. (2007). Effect of different oil cake sources on growth, nutrient retention and digestibility, muscle nucleic acid content, gut enzyme activities and whole-body composition in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 38:1702-1713. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01836.x
- Mukhopadhyay, N. & Ray, A.K. (1999). Improvement of quality of sesame Seasamum indicum seed meal protein with supplemental amino acids in feeds for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 30:549-557.
- Mukhopadhyay, N. (2001). Effect of fermentation on apparent total and nutrient digestibility of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in rohu, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 31:19–28.
- Nang Thu, T.T., Parkouda, C., Saeger, S., Larondelle, Y. & Rollin, X. (2007). Comparison of the lysine utilization efficiency in different plant protein sources supplemented with l-lysine HCl in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Aquaculture, 272: 477-488. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.032
- Nang Thu, T.T., Bodin, N., Saeger, S., Larondelle, Y. & Rollin, X. (2011). Substitution of fish meal by sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum L.) in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:80-89. doi: 10.111/j.1365-2095.2009.00732.x
- NRC (National Research Council) (1993). Nutrient requirement of fish. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
- Onsaard, E., Pomsamud, P. & Audtum, P. (2010). Functional properties of sesame protein concentrates from sesame meal. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, 3(4):420-431.
- Onsaard, E. (2012) Sesame proteins. International Food Research Journal, 19(4):1287-1295.
- Palmegiano, G.B., Dapra, F., Forneris, G., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Guo, K., Peiretti, P.G., Sicuro, B. & Zoccarato, I. (2006). Rice protein concentrate meal as a potential ingredient in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 258:357-367. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.011
- Petry, H. & Rapp, W. (1970). Zur problematik der chromixidbestimmung in verdauunsversuchen. Z. Tierphysiol. Tieremahrung u. Futtermittelkunde, 27:181-189.
- Rama Roa, S.V., Raju, M.V.L.N., Panda, A.K., Poonam, N.S., Shyam Sunder, G. & Sharma, R.P. (2008). Utilization of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in broiler chicken diets. British Poultry Science, 49(1):81-85. doi: 10.1080/00071660701827888
- Reigh, R.C. (2008). Underutilized and unconventional plant protein supplements. In: Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. Eds), pp. 433-474. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Sargent, J.R. & Tacon, A.G.J. (1999). Development of farmed fish: a nutritionally necessary alternative to meat. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 58:377-383.
- Sanz, A., Morales, A.E., Higuera, M. & Cardenete, G. (1994). Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss) diets: protein and energy utilization. Aquaculture, 128:287-300. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90318-2
- Siddhuraju, P. & Becker, K. (2001). Preliminary nutritional evaluation of mucuna seedmeal (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): an assessment by growth performance and feed utilization. Aquaculture, 196:105-123. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00577-9
- Sindelar, S.C. (2014). Utilisation of soybean products as fish-meal protein replacements in yellow perch Perca flavescens feeds. Master Thesis, South Dakota State University, South Dakota, USA.
- Storebakken, T., Refstie, S. & Ruyter, B. (2000). Soy-product as fat and protein sources in fish feeds for intensive aquaculture. In: Drackly, J.K. (Ed), soy in Animal Nutrition_Federation of Animal Science Societies Savoy II. P. 127-170.
- Tacon, A.G.J. (1993). Feed ingredients for warm water fish. Fish meal and other processed feedstuffs. FAO Fisheries Circular no. 856. FAO, Rome.
- Teles, A.O., Gouveia, A.J., Gomes, E. & Rema, P. (1994). The Effect of processing treatments on soybean meal utilization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 124(1-4):343-349. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90407-3
- Thiessen, D.L., Campbell, G.L. & Adelizi, P.D. (2003). Digestibility and growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with pea and canola products. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9:67-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00203.x
- Ustaoglu Tiril, S. & Kerim, M. (2015). Evaluation of safflower meal as a protein source in diets of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)]. Journal of Appl. Ichthyol., 31:895–899. doi: 10.1111/jai.12807
- Xie, S. & Jokumsen, A. (1998). Effects of dietary incorporation of potato protein concentrate and supplementation of methionine on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4:183-186. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00066.x
- Yıldırım, Ö., Acar, Ü., Türker, A., Sunar, M.C. & Kesbiç, O.S. (2014). Effects of replacing fish meal with peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea) on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Mozambique tilapia fries (Oreochromis mossambicus). Pakistan J. Zool., 46(2):497-502.
- Yiğit, N.Ö., Bahadır Koca, S., Bayrak, H., Dulluç, A. & Diler, I. (2012). Effects of canola meal on growth and digestion of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 36(5):533-538. doi: 10.3906/vet-1101-705
Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) yeminde soya küspesi yerine susam (Sesamum indicum) tohumu küspesinin değerlendirilmesi
Öz
60 günlük besleme
denemesi, gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus
mykiss Walbaum, 1792) diyetlerinde soya küspesi yerine susam tohumu
küspesinin potansiyel besleme değerini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Tüm
diyetler izonitrojenik (%49 protein), isolipidik (% 19 yağ) ve isoenerjik (22
kJ g-1) olarak hazırlanmıştır. %0 (C), %10 (10SSM), %15 (15SSM) ve %20 (20SSM)
susam tohumu küspesi ihtiva eden dört farklı diyet ortalama ağırlığı 81.02 ±
0.02 g olan gökkuşağı alabalıkları için formüle edilmiştir ve balıklar doğal
ışık rejimi altında görülebilir tokluğa ulaşıncaya kadar günde iki kez elle
beslenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, kontrol (C) ve diyet grupları arasında final
vücut ağırlığı, ağırlık kazancı ve spesifik büyüme oranında (SGR,%) önemli
farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Yem dönüşüm oranı (FCR) ve protein etkinlik oranı (PER) açısından deney
grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark yokken (p>0.05), Görünen Net Protein
Tutumu (ANPR) bakımından C-10SSM ve 15SSM-20SSM grupları arasındaki
farklılıkların önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (p <0.05). Balıkların vücut
kompozisyonundaki nem, protein, lipit ve kül içerikleri tüm deneme gruplarında
artmıştır. Nem, yağ ve kül miktarı bakumından farklılıklar gruplar arasında
önemli bulunmamıştır (p> 0.05), fakat
15SSM ve 20SSM diyetleriyle beslenen balıkların protein içerikleri C ve 10SSM
diyetleriyle beslenen balıklardan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu gruplar
arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Gruplar arasında ham
protein sindirilebilirlik oranında önemli farklılık tespit edilmemiştir
(p>0.05). %15 susam tohumu küspesi içeren diyetle beslenen gökkuşağı
alabalıklarının büyüme, besin kullanımı ve ham protein birikimindeki performans
karşılaştırıldığında, susam tohumu küspesinin bu oranda kullanılabileceğini
göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arrieta, M.P. & Prats-Moya, M.S. (2012). Free amino acids and biogenic amines in Alicante Monastrell wines. Food Chemistry, 135:1511–1519. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.008
- Atalayoğlu, G. & Çakmak, M.N. (2010). Pullu Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L. 1843) Yemlerinde fındık küspesinin kullanılma olanaklarının araştırılması. Fırat Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2):71-78.
- AOAC. (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
- Barros, M.M., Lim, C. & Celcius, P.H. (2002). Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Aquaculture, 207:263-279.
- Bilgin, Ö., Türker, A. & Tekinay, A.A. (2007). The use of hazelnut meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 31(3):145-151.
- Brown, P.B. (2008). Utilization of soy products in diets of freshwater fishes. In: Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. (Eds), Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets, pp. 225-260. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Caballero, M.J., Lopez-Calero, G., Socorro, J., Roo, F.J., Izquierdo, M.S. & Fernandez, A.J. (1999). Combined effect of lipid level and fish meal quality on liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 179:277-290.
- Cheng, Z.J. & Hardy, R.W. (2002). Apparent digestibility coefficients and nutritional value of cottonseed meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 212:361-372. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00260-0
- Degani, G. (2006). Digestible energy in dietary sorghum, wheat bran and rye in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Israeli J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh, 58:71-77.
- Deng, J., Zhang, X., Tao, L., Bi, B., Kong, L. & Lei, X. (2011). D-lysine can be effectively utilized for growth by common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:467-475. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00783.x
- De Silva, S.S. & Anderson, T.A. (1995). Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman and Hall, London, 319 pp.
- El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1987). Protein and energy requirements of Tilapia zillii. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
- El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1999). Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreachromis spp. Aquaculture, 170:149-168. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00159-3
- Emadi, H., Mokhayer, B. & Faal, M. (2014). Alternative role of sesame seed replacing fish meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(3):608-620.
- Enyidi, U.D., Pirhonen, J., Vielma, J. (2014). Effects of sesame seed meal and bambaranut meal on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(4):998-1013.
- Facunle, J.O., Alatise, S.P., Effiong, B.N. & Tiamiyu, K. (2013). Effects of replacing Sayabeans meal with graded levels of boiles jatropha kernel meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology anf Life Sciences, 2(9): 112-117.
- Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. & Jimoh, W.A. (2010). Nutritional evaluation of sunflower and sesame seed meal in Clarias gariepinus: An assessment by growth performance and nutrient utilization. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22):3096-3101.
- Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. & Jimoh, W.A. (2013). Haematological profile of blood of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell,1822) fed sunflower and sesame meal based diets. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(1):80-86. doi: 10.3923/jfas.2013.80.86
- Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. (2001). Anti-nutritional factors present in plant derived alternative fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199:197-227.
- Gaber, M.M. (2006). Partial and complete replacement of fish meal by broad bean meal in feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., fry. Aquaculture Research, 37:986-993. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01517.x
- Glencross, B., Hawkins, W., Evans, D., Rutherford, N., Dods, K., Mccafferty, P. & Sipsas, S. (2008). Evaluation of the influence of Lupinus angustifolius kernel meal on dietary nutrient and energy utilization efficiency by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 14:129-138. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00512.x
- Hasan, M.R., Macintosh, D.J. & Jauncey, K. (1997). Evaluation of some plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fry. Aquaculture, 151:55-70. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01499-8
- Hardy, R. (2008). Farmed fish diet requirements for the next decade and implacations for global availability of nutrients. In: Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. (Eds), Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets, pp. 1-15. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Jahanbakhshi, A., Imanpuor, M., Taghizadeh, V. & Shabani, A. (2012). Effects of replacing fish meal with plant protein (sesame oil cake and corn gluten) on growth performance, survival and carcass quality of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 4(4):422-425. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2012.04.04.63107
- Jimoh, W.A. & Aroyehun, H.T. (2011). Evaluation of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a replacer for soybean meal in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11:185-190. doi: 10.4194/trjfas.2011.0202
- Jimoh, W.A., Fagbenro, O.A. & Adeparusi, E.O. (2014). Response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings fed diets containing differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal. Agricultural Sciences, 5:1159-1171. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.512126
- Lim, C. & Akiyama, D.M. (1992). Full-fat soybean meal utilization fry fish. Asian Fisheries Science, 5:181-197.
- Lowell, R.T. (1988). Use of soybean products in diets for aquaculture species. J. Aqua. Prod., 2:27-52.
- Mohanta, K.N., Mohanty, S.N., Jena1, J. & Sahu, N.P. (2007). Effect of different oil cake sources on growth, nutrient retention and digestibility, muscle nucleic acid content, gut enzyme activities and whole-body composition in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 38:1702-1713. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01836.x
- Mukhopadhyay, N. & Ray, A.K. (1999). Improvement of quality of sesame Seasamum indicum seed meal protein with supplemental amino acids in feeds for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 30:549-557.
- Mukhopadhyay, N. (2001). Effect of fermentation on apparent total and nutrient digestibility of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in rohu, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 31:19–28.
- Nang Thu, T.T., Parkouda, C., Saeger, S., Larondelle, Y. & Rollin, X. (2007). Comparison of the lysine utilization efficiency in different plant protein sources supplemented with l-lysine HCl in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Aquaculture, 272: 477-488. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.032
- Nang Thu, T.T., Bodin, N., Saeger, S., Larondelle, Y. & Rollin, X. (2011). Substitution of fish meal by sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum L.) in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:80-89. doi: 10.111/j.1365-2095.2009.00732.x
- NRC (National Research Council) (1993). Nutrient requirement of fish. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
- Onsaard, E., Pomsamud, P. & Audtum, P. (2010). Functional properties of sesame protein concentrates from sesame meal. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, 3(4):420-431.
- Onsaard, E. (2012) Sesame proteins. International Food Research Journal, 19(4):1287-1295.
- Palmegiano, G.B., Dapra, F., Forneris, G., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Guo, K., Peiretti, P.G., Sicuro, B. & Zoccarato, I. (2006). Rice protein concentrate meal as a potential ingredient in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 258:357-367. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.011
- Petry, H. & Rapp, W. (1970). Zur problematik der chromixidbestimmung in verdauunsversuchen. Z. Tierphysiol. Tieremahrung u. Futtermittelkunde, 27:181-189.
- Rama Roa, S.V., Raju, M.V.L.N., Panda, A.K., Poonam, N.S., Shyam Sunder, G. & Sharma, R.P. (2008). Utilization of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in broiler chicken diets. British Poultry Science, 49(1):81-85. doi: 10.1080/00071660701827888
- Reigh, R.C. (2008). Underutilized and unconventional plant protein supplements. In: Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.-S. Eds), pp. 433-474. The Howarth Press, New-York, USA.
- Sargent, J.R. & Tacon, A.G.J. (1999). Development of farmed fish: a nutritionally necessary alternative to meat. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 58:377-383.
- Sanz, A., Morales, A.E., Higuera, M. & Cardenete, G. (1994). Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss) diets: protein and energy utilization. Aquaculture, 128:287-300. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90318-2
- Siddhuraju, P. & Becker, K. (2001). Preliminary nutritional evaluation of mucuna seedmeal (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): an assessment by growth performance and feed utilization. Aquaculture, 196:105-123. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00577-9
- Sindelar, S.C. (2014). Utilisation of soybean products as fish-meal protein replacements in yellow perch Perca flavescens feeds. Master Thesis, South Dakota State University, South Dakota, USA.
- Storebakken, T., Refstie, S. & Ruyter, B. (2000). Soy-product as fat and protein sources in fish feeds for intensive aquaculture. In: Drackly, J.K. (Ed), soy in Animal Nutrition_Federation of Animal Science Societies Savoy II. P. 127-170.
- Tacon, A.G.J. (1993). Feed ingredients for warm water fish. Fish meal and other processed feedstuffs. FAO Fisheries Circular no. 856. FAO, Rome.
- Teles, A.O., Gouveia, A.J., Gomes, E. & Rema, P. (1994). The Effect of processing treatments on soybean meal utilization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 124(1-4):343-349. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90407-3
- Thiessen, D.L., Campbell, G.L. & Adelizi, P.D. (2003). Digestibility and growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with pea and canola products. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9:67-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00203.x
- Ustaoglu Tiril, S. & Kerim, M. (2015). Evaluation of safflower meal as a protein source in diets of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)]. Journal of Appl. Ichthyol., 31:895–899. doi: 10.1111/jai.12807
- Xie, S. & Jokumsen, A. (1998). Effects of dietary incorporation of potato protein concentrate and supplementation of methionine on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4:183-186. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00066.x
- Yıldırım, Ö., Acar, Ü., Türker, A., Sunar, M.C. & Kesbiç, O.S. (2014). Effects of replacing fish meal with peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea) on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Mozambique tilapia fries (Oreochromis mossambicus). Pakistan J. Zool., 46(2):497-502.
- Yiğit, N.Ö., Bahadır Koca, S., Bayrak, H., Dulluç, A. & Diler, I. (2012). Effects of canola meal on growth and digestion of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 36(5):533-538. doi: 10.3906/vet-1101-705
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Şubat 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 20 Temmuz 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 |