The comparison of population density of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1790) and Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) between exploited and non-exploited areas in the Aegean Sea coast of Türkiye

Altan Lök; Aytaç Özgül; Tuğçe Şensurat Genç; Evrim Kurtay; Aynur Lök

doi:10.12714/egejfas.39.4.01

TR EN

Türkiye'nin Ege Denizi kıyılarında Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1790) ve Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) populasyon yoğunluğunun av yapılan ve yapılmayan alanlar arasındaki karşılaştırılması

Öz

Asya pazarının artan talebi, ilk olarak İndo-Pasifik’teki ekonomik açıdan değerli deniz patlıcanı stoklarının çökmesine sebep olmuştur ve daha sonra talep daha düşük değere sahip Akdeniz türlerine yönelmiştir. Türkiye'deki deniz patlıcanı stoklarında bu değişimin etkisi 2010'lu yıllardan sonra görünmeye başlamıştır. Bunu ele almak için, Türkiye'nin Ege Denizi kıyılarında en çok avlanan Holothuria tubulosa ve Holothuria polii türlerinin popülasyon yoğunluğunu, avcılığın serbest ve yasak olduğu alanlarda karşılaştırmak için bir çalışma yaptık. Çalışma, ikisi deniz patlıcanı avcılığının serbest olduğu Çandarlı Körfezi'nde, ikisi ise yasak olduğu İzmir Körfezi'nde olmak üzere 4 istasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. 0-20 m derinlikler arasındaki örneklemeler sualtı çizgisel hat tekniği ile 20 m'den derindekiler ise algarna operasyonları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hedef tür H. tubulosa ve H. polii dışında Holothuria mammata, Holothuria sanctori, Parastichopus regalis ve Holothuria forskali türleri olmak üzere toplam 6 deniz patlıcanı türü tespit edilmiştir. 20 m'den daha derin sularda yapılan örneklemelerde sadece bir P. regalis bireyi kaydedilmiştir. H. tubulosa ve H. polii'nin ortalama yoğunlukları İzmir Körfezi istasyonlarında Çandarlı Körfezi'ne göre daha yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, deniz patlıcanı popülasyon yoğunluğunun son 5 yılda onlarca kat azaldığını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The comparison of population density of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1790) and Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) between exploited and non-exploited areas in the Aegean Sea coast of Türkiye

Abstract

Increasing demand from the Asian market first led to the collapse of economically valuable sea cucumber stocks in the Indo-Pacific, and then demand shifted to lower value Mediterranean species. The effect of this change in sea cucumber stocks in Türkiye started to be seen after the 2010s. To address it, we carried out a study to compare the population density of the most caught Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii species between exploited and non-exploited areas in the Aegean Sea coast of Türkiye. The study was carried out between September 2018 and March 2020 at 4 stations, two of which are in Çandarlı Bay, where sea cucumber fishing is free, and two in İzmir Bay, where it is prohibited. Samplings between 0-20 m depths were carried out with underwater transect line technique, and at depths deeper than 20 m, with beam trawling operations. A total of 6 sea cucumber species were identified, including Holothuria mammata, Holothuria sanctori, Parastichopus regalis and Holothuria forskali species, apart from the target species H. tubulosa and H. polii. Only one P. regalis individual was recorded in the samplings in waters deeper than 20 m. The mean densities of H. tubulosa and H. polii were found to be higher in İzmir Bay stations than in Çandarlı Bay (p<0.05). The results of this study clearly reveal that the population density of sea cucumber in sampling areas has decreased tens of times compared to the last 5 years.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TOVAG-217O206

Teşekkür

This study supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Agriculture, Forestry And Veterinary Research Support Group, No: 217O206). We would like to thank our colleagues and R/V EGESÜF personnel for their contributions to the sea trials.

Kaynakça

Anonymous (2020). Notification 5/1 The Commercial Fish Catching Regulations in 2020-2024 Fishing Period (in Turkish). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara, 69, pp.
Aydın, M. (2008). The commercial sea cucumbers fishery in Turkey. South Pacific Commission Beche de Mer Information Bulletin, 28, 40-43.
Aydın, M., Emre, Y., Erkan, S., Oskay, D.A., & Ege, Ş. (2009). Investigation of sea cucumber stocks between Ayvalık and Çeşme (in Turkish). Project TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2007/09/01/01. 38pp.
Aydın, M. (2019). Biometry, density and the biomass of the commercial sea cucumber population of the Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 19(6): 463-474. DOI:10.4194/1303-2712-v19_6_02
Bulteel, P., Jangoux, M., & Coulon, P. (1992). Biometry, bathymetric distribution, and reproductive cycle of the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Seagrass beds. Marine Ecology, 13(1), 53-62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1992.tb00339.x
Choo, P.S. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli, M. Vasconcellos (Eds.). FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 516. Rome.
Conand, C. (2018). Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: changes during the last decade. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 590–594. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014
Coulon, P., & Jangoux, M. (1993). Feeding rate and sediment reworking by the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in a Mediterranean seagrass bed off Ischia Island, Italy. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 92, 201-204. DOI: 10.3354/meps092201

Dereli, H., & Aydın, M. (2021). Sea cucumber fishery in Turkey: Management regulations and their efficiency. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 1-8. DOI:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101551
Dereli, H., Çulha, S.T., Çulha, M., Özalp, B.H., & Tekinay, A.A. (2016). Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17(1), 47-55. DOI: 10.12681/mms.1360
Directory General of Environmental Impact Assessment, Permit and Inspection (DGEIAPI). (2017). Integrated pollution monitoring in the sea program. Summary Report for Aegean Sea (2014-2016) (in Turkish). Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, Ankara, 68pp.
Duman M., Eronat, A.H., İlhan, T., Talas, E., & Küçüksezgin, F. (2019). Mapping Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) meadows in the eastern Aegean Sea coastal areas of Turkey: Evaluation of habitat maps produced using the acoustic ground-discrimination systems. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(1), 67-75. DOI:10.30897/ijegeo.544695
FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome. DOI: 10.4060/ca9229en
González-Wangüemert M., Aydin, M., & Conand, C. (2014). Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries. Ocean & Coastal Management, 92, 87-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.02.014
González-Wangüemert, M., Valente, S., & Aydın, M. (2015). Effects of fishery protection on biometry and genetic structure of two target sea cucumber species from the Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 743, 65–74. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-014-2006-2
González-Wangüemert, M., Valente, S., Henriques, F., Dominguez-Godino, J.A., & Serrao, E.A. (2016). Setting preliminary biometric baselines for new target sea cucumbers species of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean fisheries. Fisheries Research, 179, 57-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.02.008
Kazanidis, G., Antoniadou, C., Lolas, A.P., Neofitou, N., Vafidis, D., Chintiroglou, C., & Neofitou, C. (2010). Population dynamics and reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (5), 895-901. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315410000251
Lök, A., Acarlı, D., Serdar, S., & Acarlı, S. (2005). Feeding selectivity of sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa) under the fish cages. Aquaculture Europe 2005, Lessons from the Past to Optimise the Future, Norway, August 5-9, EAS Special Publication, No:35, 307-308.
Lök, A., Küçükdermenci, A., Kırtık, A. & Kurtay, E. (2017). The status and importance of sea cucumber in Izmir Fisheries (in Turkish). In T. Kınacıgil, Z. Tosunoğlu, Ş. Çaklı, E. Bey, H. Öztürk, (Eds.), Izmir Fisheries, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Cultural Publications, pp.129-138.
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R., & Torres, F. (1998). Fishing down marine food webs. Science, 279, 860. DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5352.860
Purcell, S.W., Lovatelli, A., Vasconcellos, M. & Ye, Y. (2010). Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach. FAO Fisheries and Aqauculture Technical Paper, 520.
Purcell, S.W., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J.F., Toral-Granda, M.V., Lovatelli, A., & Uthicke, S. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14, 34-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x
Tokaç, A. 2017. An overview of Izmir fishery. In T. Kınacıgil, Z. Tosunoğlu, Ş. Çaklı, E. Bey, H. Öztürk, (Eds.), Izmir Fisheries (in Turkish). Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Cultural Publications, pp.17-25. TUIK, 2020. Fishery Statistics Export Data (in Turkish). ISSN 1013-6177.
Uthicke, S. 2001. Nutrient regeneration by abundant coral reef holothurians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 265, 153–170. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00329-X
Uthicke, S., & Conand, C. (2005). Local examples of beche-de-mer overﬁshing: an initial summary and request for information. South Pacific Commission Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 21, 9–14. Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. 718 pp.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Balıkçılık Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Altan Lök ^*
0000-0003-0751-0620
Türkiye

Aytaç Özgül
0000-0001-7706-9012
Türkiye

Tuğçe Şensurat Genç
0000-0002-5528-3322
Türkiye

Evrim Kurtay
0000-0002-7234-8407
Türkiye

Aynur Lök
0000-0002-1043-8028
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Aralık 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Şubat 2022

Kabul Tarihi

10 Haziran 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.4.01

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56FA95CK

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Lök, A., Özgül, A., Şensurat Genç, T., Kurtay, E., & Lök, A. (2022). The comparison of population density of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1790) and Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) between exploited and non-exploited areas in the Aegean Sea coast of Türkiye. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(4), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.4.01

Cited By

Reproductive cycle of the temperate sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the northeastern Aegean Sea

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10307

Length–weight relationship, condition factor, and biometric characteristics in the Mediterranean temperate sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Holothuriidae) from the northeastern Aegean Sea, Türkiye

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.55.167883