Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey

Arzu Binici; Serap Pulatsü

doi:10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04

EN TR

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey

Abstract

The lake management strategy of sediment dredging (removal) is periodically undertaken in shallow, eutrophic Mogan Lake, an important recreation area. This study aims to use certain indices - enrichment index (EF), contamination/pollution index (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eri), integrated ecological risk index (PER), and mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q) - to evaluate the state of sediment pollution in the lake after dredging. With this in mind, after dredging was completed, two stations in the littoral zone were selected. Station I was located especially where it would be reached by wastewater from mineral processing facilities and domestic areas; and Station II, where it would be reached by residential and agricultural wastewater. Surface sediment samples were taken repeatedly in May and November 2020 using a sediment grabber. According to the study findings, a) Among the heavy metals studied (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn), Cu, As, and Cd were found to have the highest enrichment and contamination indices; b) The pollution load index (PLI) values (1.30-2.26) suggest heavy metal pollution in the sediment, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values show intensive Pb contamination at both stations in both months; c) In terms of potential ecological risk index (Eri), Cd was found to have a significant level of ecological risk index; d) The integrated risk index (PER) indicates that all heavy metals in the lake were present at moderate ecological risk levels. Ni and As were metals that had negative biological effects. The results indicate that a) Dredging is not a very effective tool for reducing pollution in the sediment; and b) As long as anthropogenic pollutants continue to enter the lake basin, sediment heavy metal levels should be routinely monitored, particularly those with ecological and biological effects on the sediment: Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and As. It is predicted that the findings of this study will contribute to the sediment-focused monitoring efforts of organizations and local governments.

Keywords

Mogan Gölü’nde (Türkiye) sediment tarama ertesi ağır metallerde ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi

Öz

Rekreaktif öneme sahip ötrofik-sığ Mogan Gölü’nde, göl içi yönetim uygulamalarından biri olan sediment dredging (uzaklaştırımı) zaman zaman uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sediment tarama sonrası, gölde sedimentin kirlenme durumunun bazı indekslerin -zenginleşme indeksi (EF), kontaminasyon/kirlilik indeksi (CF), kontaminasyon derecesi (Cd), kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI), jeoakümülasyon indeksi (Igeo), potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (Eri), bütünleşik ekolojik risk indeksi (PER), ortalama olası etki konsantrasyonu oranı (mPEC-Q) - kullanımı ile değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla gölde sediment tarama sonrası, litoral bölgede iki istasyon seçilmiştir. Bunlardan I. istasyon; özellikle maden işleme tesisleri ve evsel kaynaklı atık suların, II. istasyon; evsel atık ve tarımsal faaliyet kaynaklı atık suların ulaştığı bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Yüzey sediment örnekleri, 2020 yılının Mayıs ve Kasım aylarında sediment alma kepçesiyle tekerrürlü olarak alınmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; a) Ele alınan ağır metaller (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu ve Zn) içerisinde Cu, As, Cd en yüksek zenginleşme ve kontaminasyon faktörlerine sahip ağır metaller olarak saptanmıştır, b) Kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI) değerleri (1,30-2,26) sedimentin ağır metallerle kirlenmesini desteklemekte, jeoakümülasyon indeks (Igeo) değerleri ise, her iki istasyon ve ayda Pb bakımından yoğun kirlenme olduğuna işaret etmektedir, c) Potansiyel ekolojik risk faktörleri (Eri) açısından, Cd önemli düzeyde potansiyel ekolojik riske sahip bulunmuştur, d) Bütünleşik ekolojik risk faktörleri (PER), gölde tüm ağır metaller bazında orta düzeyli bir ekolojik riski göstermektedir. Ni ve As ise biyolojik açıdan olumsuz etkileri olan metallerdir. Sonuçlar; a) Sediment tarama girişiminin, sedimentteki kirlenmenin indirgenmesi açısından çok etkin olmadığı, b) Göl havzasındaki antropojenik kirleticiler süregeldikçe, sedimentte ekolojik ve biyolojik anlamda önem arzeden başta Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni ve As olmak üzere ağır metal düzeylerinin rutin olarak izlenmesi gereği yönündedir. Bulguların, ilgili kurumların ve yerel yönetimin sediment odaklı izleme çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

19L0447010

Teşekkür

Bu projenin (19L0447010) gerçekleştirilmesi için gerekli mali desteği sağlayan Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü’ne şükranlarımızı sunarız.

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekoloji , Limnoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Arzu Binici ^*
0000-0002-8212-3615
Türkiye

Serap Pulatsü
0000-0001-5277-417X
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Eylül 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Şubat 2022

Kabul Tarihi

21 Haziran 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA59WH69PN

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Binici, A., & Pulatsü, S. (2022). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(3), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.3.04

Cited By

Evaluation of sediment dredging in remediating toxic metal contamination — a systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27489-x

Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Tributaries of Mogan Lake, Türkiye

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1328808

Sediment tarama işlemi yapılan kentsel bir sulak alanda potansiyel toksik element kaynaklı ekolojik risk analizi: Mogan Gölü (Türkiye)

Türk Coğrafya Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1810776