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Türkiye’de Karadeniz somonu (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) balıkçılığının dönüşüm seyri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 70 - 84, 08.03.2025

Eyüp Çakmak , Osman Tolga Özel , Devrim Selim Mısır , Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş , Volkan Örnek

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.10

Öz

Karadeniz somonu, Karadeniz’e has endemik türlerden biridir. Doğal dağılım alanı Karadeniz ve Karadeniz ile Azak Denizi’ni besleyen birçok akarsudur. Göçmen olmayan formları Karadeniz’e dökülen küçük dereler ve nehir kollarında bulunurken anadrom formları ise Karadeniz’e dökülen büyük akarsular ve nehirlerde bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda antropolojik etkiler neticesinde türün dağılım gösterdiği akarsularda özellikle anadrom formların nesli tükenme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır. Doğal popülasyonun azalmasında etkili olan avcılığın av yasakları listesinde yer almasında önemli olan isimlendirilmesine yönelik karmaşa günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Ancak Karadeniz somonu, Salmo labrax, Black Sea salmon isimleri güncelliğini korumaktadır. Türkiye’de sinonim olarak Karadeniz somonu, deniz alabalığı, denizalası ve kırmızı benekli alabalık isimleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türün, kültür şartlarında üretimine yönelik bilinen ilk çalışma, 1920’li yıllarda Abazya bölgesinde kurulan bir kuluçkahanede balıklandırma amacıyla başlatılmıştır. Türkiye’de 1988 yılında FAO desteğinde başlatılan çalışma ile deniz alabalıklarının stok durumu araştırılmış olup kültür üretimi için tesis yerlerinin ön etüt çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya müteakip 1998 yılından itibaren doğal ortamdan toplanan bireylerle damızlık stok oluşturulmuş, birçok kültür özelliği belirlenmiş, kültüre alınmış, balıklandırma amacıyla kullanılmış ve özel sektöre kazandırılmıştır. Günümüzde, Karadeniz’e komşu ülkeler arasında sadece Türkiye’de ticari yetiştiricilik üretimi devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma doğal dağılım alanındaki topluluklar tarafından sevilerek tüketilen Karadeniz somonunu daha iyi tanımak, tür için değişen ekosistemi anlamak ve ticari üretiminin yaygınlaşmasına katkı sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salmo labrax deniz alası yetiştiricilik balıklandırma koruma ticari üretim

Kaynakça

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The course of alteration of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) fishery and culture

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 70 - 84, 08.03.2025

Eyüp Çakmak , Osman Tolga Özel , Devrim Selim Mısır , Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş , Volkan Örnek

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.10

Öz

The Black Sea salmon is one of the endemic species of the Black Sea. Its natural distribution area is the Black Sea and many rivers that feed the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. While its non-migratory forms are found in small streams and river branches that flow into the Black Sea, its anadromous forms are found in large streams and rivers that flow into the Black Sea. In recent years, as a result of anthropological effects, the anadromous forms in particular are facing the danger of extinction in the streams where the species is distributed. The confusion regarding its naming, which is important in the hunting ban list, which is effective in the decrease of the natural population, continues today. However, the names Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax, Black Sea salmon are still current. In Turkey, the synonyms Black Sea salmon, sea trout, sea trout and red spotted trout are widely used. The first known study on the production of the species under culture conditions was initiated in the 1920s in a hatchery established in the Abkhazia region for the purpose of fish breeding. In Turkey, the stock status of sea trout was investigated with the study initiated with FAO support in 1988, and preliminary studies were conducted for facility locations for culture production. Following this study, breeding stock was created with individuals collected from the natural environment starting in 1998, many culture characteristics were determined, they were cultured, used for fish breeding purposes and introduced to the private sector. Today, commercial aquaculture production continues only in Turkey among the countries neighboring the Black Sea. This study was prepared to better understand the Black Sea salmon, which is consumed with pleasure by the communities in its natural distribution area, to understand the changing ecosystem for the species and to contribute to the spread of its commercial production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salmo labrax denizalası Black Sea trout aquaculture stocking conservation commercial production

Destekleyen Kurum

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Teşekkür

We would like thank to Central Fisheries Research Institute

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Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Balık Yetiştiriciliği, Sucul Kültür ve Balıkçılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Eyüp Çakmak 0000-0003-3075-9862

Osman Tolga Özel 0000-0002-5414-6975

Devrim Selim Mısır 0000-0002-8421-9696

Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş 0000-0001-6243-4101

Volkan Örnek 0009-0009-8382-9239

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakmak, E., Özel, O. T., Mısır, D. S., … Düzgüneş, Z. D. (2025). Türkiye’de Karadeniz somonu (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) balıkçılığının dönüşüm seyri. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(1), 70-84. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.10