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Marmara Denizi’ndeki domoik asit seviyelerinin tuzluluk-sıcaklık değişimlerinin bir fonksiyonu olarak değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 87 - 93, 15.03.2021

Fuat Dursun

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.1.10

Öz


Bu çalışmada Nisan, Temmuz ve Ekim 2019 dönemlerinde Marmara Denizi’nden alınan plankton kepçe örneklerinde Amnezik Kabuklu Zehirlenmesi’ne (AKZ) neden olan denizel biyotoksin, domoik asit (DA), seviyeleri sunulmaktadır. Plankton kepçe örneklemeleri, Marmara Denizi’nin doğusunda, güneybatısında ve İstanbul metropol bölgesinin yakınında bulunan toplam 13 adet istasyondan yapılmıştır. Domoik asit ölçümleri, diode-array dedeksiyonu kullanılarak Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir (Belirleme limiti: 0.108 µg mL−1). Çalışma dönemi boyunca alınan toplam 26 adet plankton kepçe örneğinden 22’sinin (%84.6) DA içerdiği tespit edilmiş ve bu örneklerdeki konsantrasyon aralığı 0.22 - 3.45 µg mL−1 olarak belirlenmiştir. DA konsantrasyonları ile fiziksel parametreler (tuzluluk ve sıcaklık) arasındaki olası ilişkiler incelenmiş ve çalışma dönemi boyunca DA üretiminin genel olarak tuzluluk (r:0.47, p<0.05; n:26) tarafından kontrol edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bu veriler, Marmara Denizi’nin farklı bölgelerinde de aynı koşulların bulunma olasılığının değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabileceği gibi, yerel midye yetiştiricilik ve balıkçılık alanlarındaki potansiyel riskleri belirlemek açısından da kullanılabilecektir.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domoik asit Pseudo-nitzschia Marmara Denizi Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi

Proje Numarası

Grant number: FBA-2018-30845

Kaynakça

  • Aktan, Y., Tüfekçi, V., Tüfekçi, H. & Aykulu, G. (2005). Distribution patterns, biomass estimates and diversity of phytoplankton in Izmit Bay (Turkey). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64(2–3), 372–384. DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.03.003
  • Almandoz, G. O., Ferreyra, G.A., Schloss, I.R., Dogliotti, A.I., Rupolo, V., Paparazzo, F.E., … Ferrario, M.E. (2008). Distribution and ecology of Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) in surface waters of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 31(4), 429–442. DOI:10.1007/s00300-007-0369-9
  • Bates, S., Freitas, A.S.W. de, Milley, J.E., Pocklington, R., Quilliam, M.A., Smith, J.C. & Worms, J. (1991). Controls on Domoic Acid Production by the Diatom Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries in Culture: Nutrients and Irradïance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(7), 1136–1144. DOI:10.1139/f91-137
  • Bates, S., Hubbard, K.A., Lundholm, N., Montresor, M. & Leaw, C.P. (2018). Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. Harmful Algae, 79, 3–43. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.001
  • Beşiktepe, Ş., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T. & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography. DOI:10.1016/0079-6611(94)90018-3
  • Buck, K.R. (1992). Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 84(3), 293–302. DOI:10.3354/meps084293
  • Busse, L.B., Venrick, E.L., Antrobus, R., Miller, P.E., Vigilant, V., Silver, M.W., … Prezelin, B.B. (2006). Domoic acid in phytoplankton and fish in San Diego, CA, USA. Harmful Algae, 5(1), 91–101. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2005.06.005
  • Dao, H.V., Takata, Y., Omura, T., Sato, S., Fukuyo, Y. & Kodama, M. (2009). Seasonal variation of domoic acid in a bivalve Spondylus versicolor in association with that in plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. Fisheries Science, 75(2), 507–512. DOI:10.1007/s12562-009-0057-5
  • Deniz, N. & Tas, S. (2009). Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community in the north-eastern sea of marmara and a species list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(2), 269–276. DOI:10.1017/S0025315409003117
  • Dursun, F. & Tas, S. (2019). Variations in abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 99(2), 279–290. DOI:10.1017/S0025315418000073
  • Dursun, F., Ünlü, S., Tas, S. & Yurdun, T. (2017). Domoic acid variations in response to environmental conditions in an eutrophic estuary, Golden Horn (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(4), 653–662. DOI:10.4194/1303-2712-v17_4_01
  • Dursun, F., Ünlü, S. & Yurdun, T. (2018). Determination of Domoic Acid in Plankton Net Samples from Golden Horn Estuary, Turkey, Using HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 100(3), 457–462. DOI:10.1007/s00128-018-2275-y
  • Dursun, F., Yurdun, T. & Ünlü, S. (2016). The First Observation of Domoic Acid in Plankton Net Samples from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96(1), 70–75. DOI:10.1007/s00128-015-1704-4
  • Fire, S.E., Wang, Z., Berman, M., Langlois, G.W., Morton, S.L., Sekula-Wood, E. & Benitez-Nelson, C. R. (2010). Trophic transfer of the harmful algal toxin domoic acid as a cause of death in a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) stranding in southern California. Aquatic Mammals, 36(4), 342–350. DOI:10.1578/AM.36.4.2010.342
  • Granéli, E. & Flynn, K. (2006). Chemical and Physical Factors Influencing Toxin Content. In Ecology of Harmful Algae (pp. 229–241). DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-32210-8_18
  • Hallegraeff, G.M. (2004). Harmful algal blooms: a global overview. Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae.
  • Hasle, G.R. (2002). Are most of the domoic acid-producing species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia cosmopolites? Harmful Algae, 1(2), 137–146. DOI:10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00014-8
  • Klein, C., Claquin, P., Bouchart, V., Le Roy, B. & Véron, B. (2010). Dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid production in a macrotidal ecosystem of the Eastern English Channel (Normandy, France). Harmful Algae, 9(2), 218–226. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2009.10.004
  • Kudela, R., Roberts, a, & Armstrong, M. (2004). Laboratory analyses of nutrient stress and toxin accumulation in Pseudo-nitzschia species from Monterey Bay, California. Harmful Algae 2002, 136–138.
  • Lapworth, C., Hallegraeff, G.M.J., & Ajani, P.A. (2001). Identification of domoic-acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species in Australian waters. In Harmful Algal Blooms 2000 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms (pp. 38–41).
  • Lefebvre, K.A. & Robertson, A. (2010). Domoic acid and human exposure risks: A review. Toxicon. DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.034
  • Lewis, N., Bates, S., Mclachlan, J. & Smith, J. (1993). Temperature effects on growth, domoic acid production, and morphology of the diatom Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries. In: Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea (Ed. by T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu). In Elsevier Science Publishers B.V (pp. 601–606).
  • Likumahua, S., de Boer, M.K., Krock, B., Nieuwenhuizen, T., Tatipatta, W.M., Hehakaya, S., … Buma, A.G.J. (2019). First record of the dynamics of domoic acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in Indonesian waters as a function of environmental variability. Harmful Algae, 90. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2019.101708
  • Ljubešić, Z., Bosak, S., Viličić, D., Borojević, K.K., Marić, D., Godrijan, J., … Dakovac, T. (2011). Ecology and taxonomy of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in Lim Bay (north-eastern Adriatic Sea). Harmful Algae, 10(6), 713–722. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.002
  • Lundholm, N., Hansen, P.J., & Kotaki, Y. (2004). Effect of pH on growth and domoic acid production by potentially toxic diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 273, 1–15. DOI:10.3354/meps273001
  • Macintyre, H.L., Stutes, A.L., Smith, W.L., Dorsey, C.P., Annabraham, & Dickey, R.W. (2011). Environmental correlates of community composition and toxicity during a bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Plankton Research, 33(2), 273–295. DOI:10.1093/plankt/fbq146
  • Milley, J.E., Bates, S., Bird, C.J., De Freitas, A.S.W. & Quilliamt, M.A. (1990). Trace determination of domoic acid in seawater and phytoplankton by high-performance liquid chromatography of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (fmoc) derivative. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 38(3), 351–368. DOI:10.1080/03067319008026940
  • Perl, T.M., Bédard, L., Kosatsky, T., Hockin, J.C., Todd, E.C.D. & Remis, R.S. (1990). An Outbreak of Toxic Encephalopathy Caused by Eating Mussels Contaminated with Domoic Acid. New England Journal of Medicine, 322(25), 1775–1780. DOI:10.1056/nejm199006213222504
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An assesment of domoic acid levels as a function of salinity-temperature variations in the Sea of Marmara

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 87 - 93, 15.03.2021

Fuat Dursun

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.1.10

Öz


This study presents the domoic acid (DA), responsible from Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), levels of plankton net samples in the Sea of Marmara during April, July and October 2019. Plankton net samples were collected from 13 stations, which were located close to the Istanbul metropolitan area, and along the east and southwest parts of the Sea of Marmara. DA measurements were done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using the diode-array detection (detection limit (LOD): 0.108 µg mL−1). Twenty-two out of the 26 plankton net samples (84.6%) were found to contain DA during the study period and the concentrations varied between 0.22 and 3.45 µg mL−1. Possible relationships between physical parameters (salinity-temperature) and DA concentrations were investigated. DA production was mainly controlled by salinity (r:0.47, p<0.05; n:26) along the study period. These data may be used to consider the probability of finding similar conditions in different parts of the Sea of Marmara in order to determine the potential risks of DA to local mussel aquaculture and fisheries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domoic acid Pseudo-nitzschia Sea of Marmara HPLC

Destekleyen Kurum

This work was partially supported by the Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University (IMSM-IU) and Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University

Proje Numarası

Grant number: FBA-2018-30845

Teşekkür

I am very grateful to Dr. Hüsne Altıok for CTD measurements in the field. Also, I would like to thank R/V ALEMDAR II staff, other colleagues and students, who was on the board during April and October 2019 cruises, for their assistance with the field work. I would like to thank Dr. Nazlı Demirel for giving me the opportunity to attend field surveys with the vessel “Şükriye Ana-II”, during April and July 2019.

Kaynakça

  • Aktan, Y., Tüfekçi, V., Tüfekçi, H. & Aykulu, G. (2005). Distribution patterns, biomass estimates and diversity of phytoplankton in Izmit Bay (Turkey). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64(2–3), 372–384. DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.03.003
  • Almandoz, G. O., Ferreyra, G.A., Schloss, I.R., Dogliotti, A.I., Rupolo, V., Paparazzo, F.E., … Ferrario, M.E. (2008). Distribution and ecology of Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) in surface waters of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 31(4), 429–442. DOI:10.1007/s00300-007-0369-9
  • Bates, S., Freitas, A.S.W. de, Milley, J.E., Pocklington, R., Quilliam, M.A., Smith, J.C. & Worms, J. (1991). Controls on Domoic Acid Production by the Diatom Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries in Culture: Nutrients and Irradïance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(7), 1136–1144. DOI:10.1139/f91-137
  • Bates, S., Hubbard, K.A., Lundholm, N., Montresor, M. & Leaw, C.P. (2018). Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. Harmful Algae, 79, 3–43. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.001
  • Beşiktepe, Ş., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T. & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography. DOI:10.1016/0079-6611(94)90018-3
  • Buck, K.R. (1992). Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 84(3), 293–302. DOI:10.3354/meps084293
  • Busse, L.B., Venrick, E.L., Antrobus, R., Miller, P.E., Vigilant, V., Silver, M.W., … Prezelin, B.B. (2006). Domoic acid in phytoplankton and fish in San Diego, CA, USA. Harmful Algae, 5(1), 91–101. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2005.06.005
  • Dao, H.V., Takata, Y., Omura, T., Sato, S., Fukuyo, Y. & Kodama, M. (2009). Seasonal variation of domoic acid in a bivalve Spondylus versicolor in association with that in plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. Fisheries Science, 75(2), 507–512. DOI:10.1007/s12562-009-0057-5
  • Deniz, N. & Tas, S. (2009). Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community in the north-eastern sea of marmara and a species list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(2), 269–276. DOI:10.1017/S0025315409003117
  • Dursun, F. & Tas, S. (2019). Variations in abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 99(2), 279–290. DOI:10.1017/S0025315418000073
  • Dursun, F., Ünlü, S., Tas, S. & Yurdun, T. (2017). Domoic acid variations in response to environmental conditions in an eutrophic estuary, Golden Horn (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(4), 653–662. DOI:10.4194/1303-2712-v17_4_01
  • Dursun, F., Ünlü, S. & Yurdun, T. (2018). Determination of Domoic Acid in Plankton Net Samples from Golden Horn Estuary, Turkey, Using HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 100(3), 457–462. DOI:10.1007/s00128-018-2275-y
  • Dursun, F., Yurdun, T. & Ünlü, S. (2016). The First Observation of Domoic Acid in Plankton Net Samples from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 96(1), 70–75. DOI:10.1007/s00128-015-1704-4
  • Fire, S.E., Wang, Z., Berman, M., Langlois, G.W., Morton, S.L., Sekula-Wood, E. & Benitez-Nelson, C. R. (2010). Trophic transfer of the harmful algal toxin domoic acid as a cause of death in a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) stranding in southern California. Aquatic Mammals, 36(4), 342–350. DOI:10.1578/AM.36.4.2010.342
  • Granéli, E. & Flynn, K. (2006). Chemical and Physical Factors Influencing Toxin Content. In Ecology of Harmful Algae (pp. 229–241). DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-32210-8_18
  • Hallegraeff, G.M. (2004). Harmful algal blooms: a global overview. Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae.
  • Hasle, G.R. (2002). Are most of the domoic acid-producing species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia cosmopolites? Harmful Algae, 1(2), 137–146. DOI:10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00014-8
  • Klein, C., Claquin, P., Bouchart, V., Le Roy, B. & Véron, B. (2010). Dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid production in a macrotidal ecosystem of the Eastern English Channel (Normandy, France). Harmful Algae, 9(2), 218–226. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2009.10.004
  • Kudela, R., Roberts, a, & Armstrong, M. (2004). Laboratory analyses of nutrient stress and toxin accumulation in Pseudo-nitzschia species from Monterey Bay, California. Harmful Algae 2002, 136–138.
  • Lapworth, C., Hallegraeff, G.M.J., & Ajani, P.A. (2001). Identification of domoic-acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species in Australian waters. In Harmful Algal Blooms 2000 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms (pp. 38–41).
  • Lefebvre, K.A. & Robertson, A. (2010). Domoic acid and human exposure risks: A review. Toxicon. DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.034
  • Lewis, N., Bates, S., Mclachlan, J. & Smith, J. (1993). Temperature effects on growth, domoic acid production, and morphology of the diatom Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries. In: Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea (Ed. by T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu). In Elsevier Science Publishers B.V (pp. 601–606).
  • Likumahua, S., de Boer, M.K., Krock, B., Nieuwenhuizen, T., Tatipatta, W.M., Hehakaya, S., … Buma, A.G.J. (2019). First record of the dynamics of domoic acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in Indonesian waters as a function of environmental variability. Harmful Algae, 90. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2019.101708
  • Ljubešić, Z., Bosak, S., Viličić, D., Borojević, K.K., Marić, D., Godrijan, J., … Dakovac, T. (2011). Ecology and taxonomy of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in Lim Bay (north-eastern Adriatic Sea). Harmful Algae, 10(6), 713–722. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.002
  • Lundholm, N., Hansen, P.J., & Kotaki, Y. (2004). Effect of pH on growth and domoic acid production by potentially toxic diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 273, 1–15. DOI:10.3354/meps273001
  • Macintyre, H.L., Stutes, A.L., Smith, W.L., Dorsey, C.P., Annabraham, & Dickey, R.W. (2011). Environmental correlates of community composition and toxicity during a bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Plankton Research, 33(2), 273–295. DOI:10.1093/plankt/fbq146
  • Milley, J.E., Bates, S., Bird, C.J., De Freitas, A.S.W. & Quilliamt, M.A. (1990). Trace determination of domoic acid in seawater and phytoplankton by high-performance liquid chromatography of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (fmoc) derivative. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 38(3), 351–368. DOI:10.1080/03067319008026940
  • Perl, T.M., Bédard, L., Kosatsky, T., Hockin, J.C., Todd, E.C.D. & Remis, R.S. (1990). An Outbreak of Toxic Encephalopathy Caused by Eating Mussels Contaminated with Domoic Acid. New England Journal of Medicine, 322(25), 1775–1780. DOI:10.1056/nejm199006213222504
  • Saeed, A.F., Awan, S.A., Ling, S., Wang, R. & Wang, S. (2017). Domoic acid: Attributes, exposure risks, innovative detection techniques and therapeutics. Algal Research. DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2017.02.007
  • Sahraoui, I., Grami, B., Bates, S., Bouchouicha, D., Chikhaoui, M.A., Mabrouk, H.H. & Hlaili, A. S. (2012). Response of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) populations and domoic acid to environmental conditions in a eutrophied, SW Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Tunisia). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 102–103, 95–104. DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.018
  • Schnetzer, A., Miller, P.E., Schaffner, R.A., Stauffer, B.A., Jones, B.H., Weisberg, S.B., … Caron, D.A. (2007). Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the San Pedro Channel and Los Angeles harbor areas of the Southern California Bight, 2003-2004. Harmful Algae, 6(3), 372–387. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2006.11.004
  • Scholin, C.A., Gulland, F., Doucette, G.J., Benson, S., Busman, M., Chavez, F.P., … Van Dolah, F.M. (2000). Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom. Nature, 403(6765), 80–84. DOI:10.1038/47481
  • Takahashi, E., Yu, Q., Eaglesham, G., Connell, D.W., McBroom, J., Costanzo, S., & Shaw, G. R. (2007). Occurrence and seasonal variations of algal toxins in water, phytoplankton and shellfish from North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia. Marine Environmental Research, 64(4), 429–442. DOI:10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.03.005
  • Takemoto, T. & Daigo, K. (1958). Constituents of Chondria armata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 6(5), 578–580. DOI:10.1248/cpb.6.578b
  • Tas, S., Dursun, F., Aksu, A. & Balkis, N. (2016). Presence of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and particulate domoic acid in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Turkey). Diatom Research, 31(4), 339–349. DOI:10.1080/0269249X.2016.1247020
  • Tas, S. & Lundholm, N. (2017). Temporal and spatial variability of the potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in a eutrophic estuary (Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97(7), 1483–1494. DOI:10.1017/S0025315416000837
  • Taş, S., Okuş, E., Ünlü, S. & Altiok, H. (2011). A study on phytoplankton following Volgoneft-248 oil spill on the north-eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(3), 715–725. DOI:10.1017/S0025315410000330
  • Tas, S. & Yilmaz, I.N. (2015). Potentially harmful microalgae and algal blooms in a eutrophic estuary in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). Mediterranean Marine Science, 16(2), 432–443. DOI:10.12681/mms.1042
  • Teng, S.T., Lim, H.C., Lim, P.T., Dao, V.H., Bates, S. & Leaw, C. P. (2014). Pseudo-nitzschia kodamae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a toxigenic species from the strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Harmful Algae, 34, 17–28. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2014.02.005
  • Tenorio, C., Uribe, E., Gil-Kodaka, P., Blanco, J. & Álvarez, G. (2016). Morphological and toxicological studies of Pseudo-nitzschia species from the central coast of Peru. Diatom Research, 31(4), 331–338. DOI:10.1080/0269249X.2016.1247018
  • Thessen, A.E., Dortch, Q., Parsons, M.L. & Morrison, W. (2005). Effect of salinity on Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) growth and distribution. Journal of Phycology, 41(1), 21–29. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04077.x
  • Trainer, V.L., Adams, N.G., Bill, B.D., Stehr, C.M., Wekell, J.C., Moeller, P., … Woodruff, D. (2000). Domoic acid production near California coastal upwelling zones, June 1998. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(8), 1818–1833. DOI:10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1818
  • Trainer, V.L., Bates, S., Lundholm, N., Thessen, A.E., Cochlan, W.P., Adams, N.G. & Trick, C. G. (2012). Pseudo-nitzschia physiological ecology, phylogeny, toxicity, monitoring and impacts on ecosystem health. Harmful Algae, 14, 271–300. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.025
  • Ünlülata, Ü., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A. & Özsoy, E. (1990). On the Physical Oceanography of the Turkish Straits. In The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits (pp. 25–60). DOI:10.1007/978-94-009-0677-8_2
  • Vale, P. & Sampayo, M.A.M. (2001). Domoic acid in Portuguese shellfish and fish. Toxicon, 39(6), 893–904. DOI:10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00229-4
  • Vrieling, E.G., Gieskes, W.W.C., Vrieling, E.G., Veenhuis, M., Koeman, R.P.T., Scholin, C. A., … Peperzak, L. (1996). Identification of a domoic acid-producing pseudo-nitzschia species (bacillariophyceae) in the dutch wadden sea with electron microscopy and molecular probes. European Journal of Phycology, 31(4), 333–340. DOI:10.1080/09670269600651561
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Deniz Mühendisliği, Hidrobiyoloji, Oşinografi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fuat Dursun 0000-0002-7729-5893

Proje Numarası Grant number: FBA-2018-30845
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dursun, F. (2021). An assesment of domoic acid levels as a function of salinity-temperature variations in the Sea of Marmara. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.1.10