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A preliminary study of the effects of cold, frozen, or room temperature storage of commercial feeds on growth performance and feed consumption of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 411 - 416, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.02

Abstract



The storage of commercial feeds in a cool and dry place is a prerequisite management strategy to minimize the deterioration of commercial feeds. This study investigated the effects of feed storage conditions on feed intake and growth performances of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 240 juvenile rainbow trout, weighing 8.7–10.5 g, were randomly distributed into four groups. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates with 20 fish in each. The experimental fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily over a 35-days period using four commercial feeds previously kept at different storage conditions, i.e., room temperature storage (20.8°C), cold storage (10°C), or frozen storages (-1.1°C and -15°C). The feed utilization was assessed by relative feed intake (RFI%) and feed conversion rate (FCR), while growth performance was evaluated by the thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) and specific growth rate (SGR). The preliminary findings suggest that the food storage conditions did not significantly affect feed intake and growth performance in juvenile rainbow trout. The findings provide practical information for fish farmers in the management of feed storage, which covers a remarkable proportion of the total production costs in aquaculture facilities.



References

  • Alltech. (2020). 2020 Global Feed Survey. Available online: https://www.alltech.com (accessed on 6 April 2021).
  • Andersen, N. G. (2012). Influences of potential predictor variables on gastric evacuation in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua feeding on fish prey: parameterization of a generic model. Journal of Fish Biology, 80(3), 595-612. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03195.x
  • Atalay, M. A. & Maltaş, Ö. (2020). Aquaculture legislation and management of Turkey. In Çoban, D Demircan, M.D Tosun, D.D. (Eds.), Marine Aquaculture in Turkey: Advancements and Management (pp 304-329). Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication No: 59, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Basusta, N. & Khan, U. (2021). Sexual dimorphism in the otolith shape of shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa (L.), in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Fish size-otolith size relationships. Journal of Fish Biology, 99(1), 164-174. DOI:10.1111/jfb.14708
  • CISION. (2018). Global Aquafeed Market 2018-2023. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-aquafeed-market-2018-2023-300709663.html.
  • Craig, S., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D. & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding. Virginia: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. pp. 420-256,
  • dos Santos, J. (1990). Aspects of the eco-physiology of predation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) (PhD Thesis). University of Tromsù, Tromsù, Norway,
  • El-Sayed, A. F. M., Dickson, M. W. & El-Naggar, G. O. (2015). Value chain analysis of the aquaculture feed sector in Egypt. Aquaculture, 437, 92-101. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.033
  • FAO. (2020). Outlook and emerging issues: In The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pp. 24. DOI:10.4060/ca9231en
  • Fields, P., Subramanyam, B. & Hulasare, R. (2012). Extreme temperatures. In Hagstrum, D.W., Phillips, T.W., Cuperus, G. (Eds.), Stored Product Protection. Kansas State Research and Extension, Kansas, pp. 179-190. Kansas State University, KSRE Publ.
  • Fırat, K., Çabuk, A. & Uyumsal, S. (2020). Occupational health and safety in Turkish marine aquaculture. In Çoban, D Demircan, M.D Tosun, D.D. (Eds.), Marine Aquaculture in Turkey: Advancements and Management (pp 304-329). Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication No: 59, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Gillanders, B. M. (1997). Comparison of growth rates between estuarine and coastal reef populations of Achoerodus viridis (Pisces: Labridae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 146(1-3), 283-287. DOI 10.3354/meps146283
  • Hamre, J., Johnsen, E. & Hamre, K. (2014). A new model for simulating growth in fish. PeerJ, 2, e244. DOI:10.7717/peerj.244
  • Hopkins, K. D. (1992). Reporting fish growth: A review of the basics. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23(3), 173-179.
  • Hui, Y., Cross, N., Kristinsson, H., Lim, M., Nip, W., Siow, L. & Stanfield, P. (2006). Biochemistry of seafood processing. In Y. H. Hui (Ed.), Food biochemistry & food processing (pp. 351–378). Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing Professional. DOI:10.1002/9781118308035.ch19
  • Karabulut, H. A., Balta, F., Yandi, I. & Serezli, R. (2011). The Effects of different levels of ascorbic acid on growth performance and meat composition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 17(2), 303-308. Katsanevakis, S. (2006). Modelling fish growth: Model selection, multi-model inference and model selection uncertainty. Fisheries Research, 81(2-3), 229-235. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.002
  • Khan, U. (2019). Effects of salinity on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) alevins growth. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(2), 93-96. DOI:10.35229/jaes.544375
  • Khan, U. & Seyhan, K. (2019). Gastric evacuation evacuation rates in farmed brook trout subjected to a range of feeding conditions fed commercial pellets. Aquaculture, 513, 734390. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734390
  • Kop, A., Gamsız, K., Korkut, A. Y. & Sayğı, H. (2019). The effects of different storage temperatures and durations on peroxide values of fish feed ingredients. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp3), 43-49. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v7isp3.43-49.3154
  • Korkut, A. Y., Kop, A., Demirtaş, N. & Cihaner, A. (2007). Balık Beslemede Gelişim Performansının İzlenme Yöntemleri [Determination methods of growth performance in fish feeding]. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi [E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences], 24, 201-205
  • Lugert, V., Thaller, G., Tetens, J., Schulz, C. & Krieter, J. (2016). A review on fish growth calculation: multiple functions in fish production and their specific application. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1), 30-42. DOI:10.1111/raq.12071
  • Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., Klinger, D. H., . . . Troell, M. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature, 591(7851), 551-563. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6
  • Pinfold, G. (2013). Socio-economic Impact of Aquaculture in Canada. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Management Directorate. Gardner Pinfold Consultants Inc., Nova Scotia. pp. 1-16. https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/40739016.pdf.
  • Rana, K. J., Siriwardena, S. & Hasan, M. R. (2009). Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  • Robb, D. H., Crampton, V. O., Robb, D. & Crampton, V. (2013). On-farm feeding and feed management: perspectives from the fish feed industry. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture, 489-518.
  • Singh, R. P. & Desrosier, N. W. (2018). Food preservation. Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Sep. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/food-preservation. Accessed 4 August 2021.
  • Smith, L. S. (1980). Chapter 13. Storage Problems of Feedstuffs: ADCP/REP/80/11 – Fish Feed Technology. FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy.
  • Soderberg, R. (2017). Aquaculture technology: flowing water and static water fish culture. CRC Press, Boca Raton. p. 284: CRC Press.
  • Solomon, S., Tiamiyu, L., Okomoda, V. & Adaga, K. (2016). Nutrient Profile of Commercial Fish Feeds under Different Storage Conditions. International Journal of Aquaculture, 6.
  • Tacon, A. (1992). Nutritional fish pathology. Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish. FAO Fish Technical Paper. No. 330. Rome, FAO. 75 p.
  • TUYEM. (2021). Production of Compound . Feeds Production (in Turkish). Türkiye Yem Sanayicileri Birliği Dergisi. https://www.yem.org.tr/.
  • Wong, M. H., Mo, W. Y., Choi, W. M., Cheng, Z. & Man, Y. B. (2016). Recycle food wastes into high quality fish feeds for safe and quality fish production. Environmental Pollution, 219, 631-638. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.035
  • Yakupitiyage, A., Edwards, P. & Wee, K. (1991). Supplementary feeding of fish in a duck– fish integrated system. I. The effect of rice-bran. In: Silva, S.S.D. (Ed.), Fish Nutrition Research in Asia. Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Fish Nutrition Workshop. Asian Fish, Soc. Spec. Publ. 5. Asian Fisheries Society (pp. 143–157). Manila, Philippines.

Soğuk, dondurulmuş veya ortam koşullarında depolanan yemlerin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularında büyüme performansı ve yem tüketimi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında bir ön çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 411 - 416, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.02

Abstract



Ticari yemlerin serin ve kuru bir yerde depolanması, yemin bozulma hızının en aza indirilmesi için ön koşul olan bir yönetimdir. Bu çalışmada, oda sıcaklığında (20.8°C), soğuk ortamda (10°C) ve dondurulmuş koşullarda (-1.1°C ve -15°C) muhafaza edilen yemlerle günde 2 kez doygunluk derecesinde 35 gün süreyle beslenen gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularında büyüme performansı yem tüketim oranları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 8,7-10,5 g ağırlığında toplam 240 adet yavru gökkuşağı alabalığı rastgele seçilerek dört gruba ayrılmıştır. Her bir grup ayrıca her birinde 20 balık bulunan üç tekrar olacak şekilde ayrılmıştır. Yem tüketimi, yüzde yem tüketim oranı (% RFI) ve yem dönüşüm oranı (FCR) ile değerlendirilirken, büyüme performanı, spesifik büyüme oranı (SGR) ve termal büyüme katsayısı (TGC) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, yem depolama koşullarının gökkuşağı alabalığının yem tüketimi ve büyüme performansları üzerinde önemli derecede etkilemediği kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, balık çiftliklerinde toplam üretim maliyetinin önemli bir kısmını kapsayan ticari yemlerin depolama yönetiminde üreticiler için pratik bilgiler ortaya koymaktadır.


References

  • Alltech. (2020). 2020 Global Feed Survey. Available online: https://www.alltech.com (accessed on 6 April 2021).
  • Andersen, N. G. (2012). Influences of potential predictor variables on gastric evacuation in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua feeding on fish prey: parameterization of a generic model. Journal of Fish Biology, 80(3), 595-612. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03195.x
  • Atalay, M. A. & Maltaş, Ö. (2020). Aquaculture legislation and management of Turkey. In Çoban, D Demircan, M.D Tosun, D.D. (Eds.), Marine Aquaculture in Turkey: Advancements and Management (pp 304-329). Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication No: 59, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Basusta, N. & Khan, U. (2021). Sexual dimorphism in the otolith shape of shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa (L.), in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Fish size-otolith size relationships. Journal of Fish Biology, 99(1), 164-174. DOI:10.1111/jfb.14708
  • CISION. (2018). Global Aquafeed Market 2018-2023. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-aquafeed-market-2018-2023-300709663.html.
  • Craig, S., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D. & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding. Virginia: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. pp. 420-256,
  • dos Santos, J. (1990). Aspects of the eco-physiology of predation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) (PhD Thesis). University of Tromsù, Tromsù, Norway,
  • El-Sayed, A. F. M., Dickson, M. W. & El-Naggar, G. O. (2015). Value chain analysis of the aquaculture feed sector in Egypt. Aquaculture, 437, 92-101. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.033
  • FAO. (2020). Outlook and emerging issues: In The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pp. 24. DOI:10.4060/ca9231en
  • Fields, P., Subramanyam, B. & Hulasare, R. (2012). Extreme temperatures. In Hagstrum, D.W., Phillips, T.W., Cuperus, G. (Eds.), Stored Product Protection. Kansas State Research and Extension, Kansas, pp. 179-190. Kansas State University, KSRE Publ.
  • Fırat, K., Çabuk, A. & Uyumsal, S. (2020). Occupational health and safety in Turkish marine aquaculture. In Çoban, D Demircan, M.D Tosun, D.D. (Eds.), Marine Aquaculture in Turkey: Advancements and Management (pp 304-329). Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication No: 59, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Gillanders, B. M. (1997). Comparison of growth rates between estuarine and coastal reef populations of Achoerodus viridis (Pisces: Labridae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 146(1-3), 283-287. DOI 10.3354/meps146283
  • Hamre, J., Johnsen, E. & Hamre, K. (2014). A new model for simulating growth in fish. PeerJ, 2, e244. DOI:10.7717/peerj.244
  • Hopkins, K. D. (1992). Reporting fish growth: A review of the basics. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23(3), 173-179.
  • Hui, Y., Cross, N., Kristinsson, H., Lim, M., Nip, W., Siow, L. & Stanfield, P. (2006). Biochemistry of seafood processing. In Y. H. Hui (Ed.), Food biochemistry & food processing (pp. 351–378). Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing Professional. DOI:10.1002/9781118308035.ch19
  • Karabulut, H. A., Balta, F., Yandi, I. & Serezli, R. (2011). The Effects of different levels of ascorbic acid on growth performance and meat composition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 17(2), 303-308. Katsanevakis, S. (2006). Modelling fish growth: Model selection, multi-model inference and model selection uncertainty. Fisheries Research, 81(2-3), 229-235. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.002
  • Khan, U. (2019). Effects of salinity on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) alevins growth. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(2), 93-96. DOI:10.35229/jaes.544375
  • Khan, U. & Seyhan, K. (2019). Gastric evacuation evacuation rates in farmed brook trout subjected to a range of feeding conditions fed commercial pellets. Aquaculture, 513, 734390. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734390
  • Kop, A., Gamsız, K., Korkut, A. Y. & Sayğı, H. (2019). The effects of different storage temperatures and durations on peroxide values of fish feed ingredients. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp3), 43-49. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v7isp3.43-49.3154
  • Korkut, A. Y., Kop, A., Demirtaş, N. & Cihaner, A. (2007). Balık Beslemede Gelişim Performansının İzlenme Yöntemleri [Determination methods of growth performance in fish feeding]. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi [E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences], 24, 201-205
  • Lugert, V., Thaller, G., Tetens, J., Schulz, C. & Krieter, J. (2016). A review on fish growth calculation: multiple functions in fish production and their specific application. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1), 30-42. DOI:10.1111/raq.12071
  • Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., Klinger, D. H., . . . Troell, M. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature, 591(7851), 551-563. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6
  • Pinfold, G. (2013). Socio-economic Impact of Aquaculture in Canada. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Management Directorate. Gardner Pinfold Consultants Inc., Nova Scotia. pp. 1-16. https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/40739016.pdf.
  • Rana, K. J., Siriwardena, S. & Hasan, M. R. (2009). Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  • Robb, D. H., Crampton, V. O., Robb, D. & Crampton, V. (2013). On-farm feeding and feed management: perspectives from the fish feed industry. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture, 489-518.
  • Singh, R. P. & Desrosier, N. W. (2018). Food preservation. Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Sep. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/food-preservation. Accessed 4 August 2021.
  • Smith, L. S. (1980). Chapter 13. Storage Problems of Feedstuffs: ADCP/REP/80/11 – Fish Feed Technology. FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy.
  • Soderberg, R. (2017). Aquaculture technology: flowing water and static water fish culture. CRC Press, Boca Raton. p. 284: CRC Press.
  • Solomon, S., Tiamiyu, L., Okomoda, V. & Adaga, K. (2016). Nutrient Profile of Commercial Fish Feeds under Different Storage Conditions. International Journal of Aquaculture, 6.
  • Tacon, A. (1992). Nutritional fish pathology. Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish. FAO Fish Technical Paper. No. 330. Rome, FAO. 75 p.
  • TUYEM. (2021). Production of Compound . Feeds Production (in Turkish). Türkiye Yem Sanayicileri Birliği Dergisi. https://www.yem.org.tr/.
  • Wong, M. H., Mo, W. Y., Choi, W. M., Cheng, Z. & Man, Y. B. (2016). Recycle food wastes into high quality fish feeds for safe and quality fish production. Environmental Pollution, 219, 631-638. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.035
  • Yakupitiyage, A., Edwards, P. & Wee, K. (1991). Supplementary feeding of fish in a duck– fish integrated system. I. The effect of rice-bran. In: Silva, S.S.D. (Ed.), Fish Nutrition Research in Asia. Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Fish Nutrition Workshop. Asian Fish, Soc. Spec. Publ. 5. Asian Fisheries Society (pp. 143–157). Manila, Philippines.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology, Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Umar Khan 0000-0003-1775-8662

Kadir Seyhan 0000-0002-6015-7478

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Submission Date January 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 38 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Khan, U., & Seyhan, K. (2021). A preliminary study of the effects of cold, frozen, or room temperature storage of commercial feeds on growth performance and feed consumption of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 411-416. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.02