Yunuslar ile kıyı balıkçılığı arasındaki etkileşim ve azaltılmasında akustik caydırıcı cihaz kullanımı
Year 2021,
Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 43 - 52, 15.03.2021
Emre Namlıtürk
,
İsmet Balık
Abstract
Bu araştırma, yunusların uzatma ağları ile etkileşim sıklığını, ağlara ve yakalanan balıklara verdiği zararların (depredesyon) azaltılmasında yunus kovucu (akustik cihaz) kullanmanın rolünü araştırmak için Mayıs 2015 - Şubat 2017 tarihleri arasında Güney Doğu Karadeniz’in Ünye-Ordu kıyılarında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, teknik ve donam özellikleri aynı olan iki dip uzatma ağı seti oluşturulmuştur. Gruplardan birincisi yunus kovucuların takıldığı aktif grup, ikincisi yunus kovucu bulunmayan kontrol grubudur. Araştırmada, Future Oceans (70 kHz) marka yunus kovucular kullanılmıştır. Araştırma süresince, toplam 65 avcılık denemesinin sadece 3’ünde yunusların uzatma ağlarıyla etkileşime girdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ağlarla etkileşime giren yunusların sebep olduğu uzatma ağlarındaki delik sayısının, yunus kovucu takılan ağlarda kontrol ağlarına göre %36,3 daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, mezgit balığı CPUE değeri, yunus kovucu bulunan ağlarda 2,01±0,23 kg km-1 s-1, kontrol ağlarında ise 1,97±0,24 kg km-1 s-1olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, uzatma ağlarında yakalanan mezgit balığı miktarı üzerine yunus kovucu kullanımının olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.
Supporting Institution
Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü
Thanks
Bu çalışma, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Balıkçılık Tenolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı’nda Prof. Dr. İsmet BALIK danışmanlığında Emre NAMLITÜRK tarafından yürütülen Yüksek Lisans Tezi’nden alınmıştır. Çalışma, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğünün TF-1461 numaralı projesi ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü’ne teşekkür ediyoruz.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.012
Interaction between dolphins and coastal fisheries and using acoustic deterrent in reducing of interaction
Year 2021,
Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 43 - 52, 15.03.2021
Emre Namlıtürk
,
İsmet Balık
Abstract
This study was conducted at the Unye-Ordu coasts of the South-eastern Black Sea, from May 2015 and February 2017, to investigate the frequency of dolphins-bottom gillnet fisheries interactions, the role of using acoustic deterrent in reducing the damage inflicted by the dolphins to the gillnets and to the fish caught in the gillnets. For this purpose, two gillnet sets with similar technical and equipment characteristics were prepared. While one of the groups had acoustic deterrent (active group), the other did not have acoustic deterrent (control group). In the study were used Future Oceans (70 kHz) deterrent. During the study, in only 3 of the 65 fishing trials have determined the interaction of dolphins with gillnets. It was determined that the number of holes in the gillnets caused by the dolphins was 36.3% less in the nets with acoustic deterrent than the control nets. On the other hand, the CPUE value of the whiting was estimated as 2.01 ± 0.23 kg km-1 s-1 in the gillnets with acoustic deterrent and 1.97 ± 0.24 kg km-1 s-1 in the control nets. These results showed that the use of acoustic deterrent does not have a negative effect on the catch of whiting caught in the gillnets.
References
- Anonim (2017). Future Oceans. Alıntılanma adresi: https://futureoceans.com/product/future-oceans-70-khz-dolphin-pinger/- (30.06.2016).
- Ayadi, A., Mohamed, G. & Bradai, M.N. (2013). Do pingers reduce interactions between bottlenose dolphins and trammel nets around the Kerkennah Islands Central Mediterranean Sea? Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 543, 375-383. doi:10.21411/CBM.A.66F21CC1
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- Burke, E.K. (2004). The effect of acoustic deterrent devices on bottlenose dolphin depredation in the Spanish mackerel gillnet fishery. Msc Dissertation. Duke University, Nicholas, USA, 39 s.
- Buscaino, G., Buffa, G., Sarà, G., Bellante, A., Tonello, A.J.J., Hardt, F.A.S., Cremer, M. J., Bonanno, A., Cuttitta A. & Mazzola, S. (2009). Pinger affects fish catch efficiency and damage to bottom gill nets related to bottlenose dolphins. The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, 75, 537-544. doi:10.1007/s12562-009-0059-3
- Carlström, J., Berggren, P. & Tregenza N.J.C. (2009). Spatial and temporal impact of pingers on porpoises. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 66, 72-82. doi:10.1139/F08-186
- Carretta, J.V. & Barlow, J. (2011). Long-term effectiveness, failure rates, and ‘dinner bell’ properties of acoustic pingers in a gillnet fishery. Marine Technology Society Journal, 45, 7-19. doi:10.4031/MTSJ.45.5.3
- Cox, T.M., Read A.J., Swanner, D., Urian, K. & Waples, D. (2003). Behavioral responses of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, to gillnets and acoustic alarms. Biological Conservation, 115, 203-212.
- Cruz, M. J., Jorda˜o, V. L., Pereira, J. G., Santos, R. S. & Silva, M. A. (2014). Risso’s dolphin depredation in the Azorean hand-jig squid fishery: assessing the impacts and evaluating effectiveness of acoustic deterrents. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Journal of Marine Science, 719, 2608-2620. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu073
- Culik, B.M., Koscinski, S., Tregenza, N. & Ellis, G.M. (2001). Reactions of harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena and herring Clupea harengus to acoustic alarms. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 211, 255-260.
- Enül, E. (2009). Deniz Memelileri Bilimi ve Yönetiminin Türkiye’deki Durumu ve Deniz Memelilerinin Ege’deki Trol Balıkçılığı ile Etkileşimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, DEÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, 67 s.
- Franse, R. (2005). Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (Ppingers). Leiden: Universiteit Leiden, Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen.
- Gazo, M., Gonzalvo, J. & Aguilar, A. (2008). Pingers as deterrents of bottolenose dolphins interacting with trammel nets. Fisheries Research, 92, 70-75. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.016
- Gearin, P.J., Gosho, M.E., Laake, J.L., Cooke, L., Delong R.L. & Hughes, K.M. (2000). Experimental testing of acoustic alarms pingers) to reduce bycatch of harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in the state of Washington. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 21, 1-9.
- Geijer, C.K.A. & Read, A.J. (2013). Mitigation of marine mammal bycatch in U.S. fisheries since 1994. Biological Conservation, 159, 54-60. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.11.009
- Goetz, S., Begona Santos, M., Vingada, J., Costas Costas, D., Gonzalez Villanueva, A. & Pierce, G. J. (2015). Do pingers cause stress in fish? An experimental tank study with European sardine, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) Actinopterygii, (Clupeidae), exposed to a 70 Khz dolphin pinger. Hydrobiologia, 749, 83-96. doi:10.1007/s10750-014-2147-3
- Gordon, J.C.D. & Northridge, S.P. (2002). Potential impacts of Acoustic Deterrent Devices on Scottish Marine Wildlife. Report, F01AA404, Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report, 63 p.
- Gönener, S. & Bilgin, S. (2007). Sinop Yarımadası Civarında Karadeniz, Türkiye) Dip Uzatma Galsama Ağlarında Yunusların Balıkları Çalmaları Üzerine Yunus Kovucuların Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilim Dergisi, 192, 121-127.
- Gönener, S. & Bilgin, S. (2009). The Effect of Pingers on Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena Bycatch and Fishing Effort in the Turbot Gill Net Fishery in the Turkish Black Sea Coast. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9, 151-157. doi:10.4194/trjfas.2009.0205
- Gönener, S. & Özdemir, S. (2012). Investigation of the Interaction Between Bottom Gillnet Fishery Sinop, Black Sea) and Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Terms of Economy. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 115-126. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_1_14
- Gönener, S. & Özsandıkçı, U. (2019). Dip Solungaç Ağlarında Afalina (Tursiops truncatus) Yunuslar İçin Kullanılan Yunus Kovucu Cihazların İncelenmesi ve Ekonomik Performansı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 50 (1), 84-91. doi:10.17097/ataunizfd.433660
- Gönener, S. (2017). Sözlü görüşme. Sinop Üniv., Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Sinop. (09.03.2017).
- IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Alıntılanma adresi: (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (30.06.2017)
- Kastelein, R.A., Jennings, N., Verboom, W. C., Haan D. D. & Schooneman, N. M. (2006). Differences in the response of a striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba) and a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena) to an acoustic alarm. Marine Environmental Research, 61, 363-378. doi:10.1016 / j.marenvres.2005.11.005
- Kastelein, R.A., van der Heul, S., van der Veen, J., Verboom, W.C., Jennings, N., Haan, D.D. & Reijnders, P.J.H. (2007). Effects of acoustic alarms, designed to reduce small cetacean bycatch in gillnet fisheries, on the behaviour of North Sea fish species in a large tank. Marine Environmental Research, 64, 160-180. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.12.012
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DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.012