Research Article
Pullu sazan (Cyprinus carpio L)’da paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine curcuminin etkisi
Year 2020, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 329 - 334, 15.12.2020Abstract
Bu araştırmada; pullu sazanda (Cyprinus carpio) paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine curcuminin etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla curcumin 10, 20 ve 40 mg/kg yem dozlarında 21 gün süreyle balık yemlerinde verilmiştir. Bu periyodun sonunda balıklardan serum, karaciğer ve böbrek örnekleri alınmış ve paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır.
Curcumin uygulanan grupların serum ve karaciğer paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Böbrek paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerinde belirlenen artış ise istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur.
Keywords
Arilesteraz, balık, curcumin, Cyprinus carpio, enzim, paraoksonaz
Supporting Institution
Fırat Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Yönetim Birimi
Thanks
Bu çalışma; Yüksek Mühendis Selman AKOĞUL'un yüksek lisans tezinden özetlenmiş ve Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Yönetim Birimi tarafından SÜF.18.01. Nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.
References
- Altinok I., Capkın, E. & Boran, H. (2012). Mutagenic, genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory effects of carbosulfan in rainbow trout Orconhynchus mykiss. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102, 61-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.10.011
- Arda, M., Seçer, S. & Sarıeyyüpoğlu, M. (2005). Balık Hastalıkları. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi.
- Aviram, M., Rosenbalt, M., Billecke, S., Erogul, J., Sorenson, R., Bisgaier, C.L., Newton, R.S. & La Du, B. (1999). Human serum paraoxonase (PON 1) is inactivated by oxidized low density lipoproteın and preserved by antioxidants. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 26, 892-904. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00272-X
- Azarsız, E. & Sönmez E.Y. (2000). Paraoksonaz ve klinik önemi. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi, 25, 109-119.
- Bastos, V.L.F.C., Alves, M.V., Bernardino, G., Ceccarelli, P.S. & Bastos, J.C. (2004). Paraoxonase Activity in Sera of Four Neotropical Fish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72, 798–805. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0315-2
- Beyaztaş, S., Türker, D., Sinan, S. & Arslan, O. (2007). Cyprinus carpio paraoksonaz enziminin bazı ağır metallerle inhibisyon etkisinin incelenmesi. 21. Ulusal Kimya Kongresi, 23-27 Ağustos, Malatya.
- Chattopadhyay, I., Biswasl, K., Bandyopadhyay, U. & Banerjee, R.K. (2004). Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Current Science, 87(1), 44-53.
- Çağdaş, B., Kocagöz, R., Onat, İ., Perçin, F., Özaydın, O. & Orhan, H. (2017). Periodic Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Molecular Damages of Cyprinus carpio from Büyük Menderes River. Environmental Science Pollution Research International, 24, 4241-4251, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4848-1
- da Silva, A.C., de Freitas Santos, P.D., do Prado Silva, J.T., Leimann, F.V., Bracht, L. & Gonçalves, O.H. (2018). Impact of curcumin nanoformulation on its antimicrobial activity, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 72, 74-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.12.004
- Deveci, H.A., Kaya, İ., Yılmaz, M. & Karapehlivan, M. (2015). Effect of zinc sulphate on the levels of plasma paraoxonase activity, total oxidant and high density lipoprotein of transcaucasian barb (Capoeta capoeta Guldenstaedt, 1773). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(9), 2732-2735.
- Dubravka, J., Milena, T., Branka, R., Vrea, S.R., Elsa, R. & Martin, B. (2001). Serum paraoxonase activities in the hemodialyzed uremic patients: Cohort study. Clinical Science, 42, 146-150.
- Folly, E., Bastos, V.L.C., Alves, M.V., Bastos, J.C. & Atella, G.C. (2001). A high density lipoprotein from Piaractus mesopotamicus, pacu, (Osteichthyes, Characidae), is associated with paraoxonase activity. Biochimie, 83, 945-951. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01342-6
- Gan, N., Smolen, A., Eckerson, W. & La Du B.N. (1991). Purification of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase, Evidence for one esterase catalyzing both activities. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 19, 100-106.
- Gürsu, M.F. & Özdin, M. (2002). Sigara içenlerde serum paraoksonaz (PON1) aktiviteleri ile malondialdehit düzeylerinin araştırılması. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 7, 732-737.
- Huminiecki, L., Horbańczuk, J. & Atanasov, A.G. (2017). The functional genomic studies of curcumin, Seminars in Cancer Biology, 46, 107-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.002
- İşitez, N. (2014). Alkilleyici ajanlar tarafından uyarılan genotoksisite üzerine curcuminin etkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Afyon.
- Jagetia, G.C. & Aggarwal, B.B. (2007). "Spicing Up” of the immune system by curcumin, Journal of Clinical Immunology, 27(1), 19-35. DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7
- Joe, B., Vijaykumar, M. & Lokesh, B.R. (2004). Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition, 44, 97–111. DOI: 10.1080/10408690490424702
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayınları.
- Karaca, M., Varışlı, L., Korkmaz, K., Özaydın, O, Perçin, F. & Orhan, H. (2014). Organochlorine Pesticides and Antioxidant Enzymes are inversely correlated with liver enzyme gene expression in Cyprinus carpio. Toxicology Letters, 230, 198-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.013
- Karataş, T. & Kocaman, E.M. (2012). Comparison of Paraoxonase Activity, Malondialdehyde and High-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Cultuvated Normal and Albino Rainbow Trout Reared in the Same Conditions. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 87-90. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2011.4971
- Karataş, T. & Kocaman, E.M. (2014). Susceptibility to oxidative damage in wild and cultured brook trouts (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1815). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(1), 180-183.
- Kılıç, T. & Yonar, M.E. (2017). Malathionun pullu sazan (Cyprinus carpio)’da paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine etkisinin araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 31(2), 87-92.
- Kocaçalışkan, İ. & Bingöl, N.A. (2008). Biyoistatistik. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Li, W.F., Costa, L.G. & Furlong, C.E. (1993). Serum paraoxonase status: A major factor in determining resistance to organophosphates. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 40, 337-346. DOI: 10.1080/15287399309531798
- Mackness, M.I., Arrol, S.I., Mackness, B. & Durrington, P.N. (1997). Allo-enzymes of paraoxonase and effectiveness of high density lipoproteins in protecting low density lipoprotein against lipit peroxidation. Lancet, 349, 851-852.
- Mackness, M.I., Mackness, B., Durrington, P.N., Connely, P.W. & Hegele, R.A. (1996). Paraoxonase: biochemistry, genetics and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. Current Opinion Lipidology, 7, 69-76.
- Mackness, M.I., Walker, C.H. & Carson, L.A. (1987). Low‘A’-esterase activity in serum of patients with fish-eye disease. Clinical Chemistry, 3, 587–588.
- Maheshwari, R.K., Singh, A.K., Gaddipati, J. & Srimal, R.C. (2006). Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review. Life Sciences, 78, 2081–2087. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.007
- Manju, M., Akbarsha, M.A. & Oommen, O.V. (2012). In vivo protective effect of dietary curcumin in fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(2), 309-318. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9508-x
- Mazur, A. (1946). An enzyme in animal tissues capable of hydrolyzing the phosphorus-fluorine bond of alkyl fluorophospates. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, (164), 271-289.
- Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M.E. & Yöntürk, Y. (2014). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)'nda Curcuminin Bazı Antioksidan Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 53-57.
- Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M.E., Yöntürk, Y. & Pala, A. (2013). Curcuminin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)' nda bazı hematolojik parametrelere etkisi. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (BİBAD), 6 (1), 59-61.
- Okada, K., Wangpoentrakul, C., Tanaka, T., Toyokuni, S., Uchida, K. & Osawa, T. (2001). Curcumin and especially tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorate oxidative stress-induced renal injury in mice. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 2090–2095. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2090
- Percin, F. & Konyalioglu, S. (2008). Serum Biochemical Profiles of Captive and Wild Northern Bluefin Tuna, (Thunnus thynnus L. 1758) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Aquaculture Research, 39, 945-953. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01954.x
- Sağlam, N. & Yonar, M.E. (2009). Effects of sulfamerazine on selected haematological and ımmunological parameters in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Aquaculture Research, 40, 395-404. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02105.x
- San, A. & Yonar, M.E. (2017). Determination of oxidative stress in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpioLinnaeus, 1758) exposed to deltamethrin in different water temperature. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(3), 281-286. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.3.06
- Sayın, D., Türker Çakır, D., Gençer, N. & Arslan, O. (2012). Effects of some metals on paraoxonase activity from shark Scyliorhinus canicula. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 27(4), 595-598. DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.604320
- Sümbüloğlu, K. (1998). Biyoistatistik. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınevi.
- Yonar, M.E., Mişe Yonar, S., Çoban, M.Z. & Eroğlu, M. (2012). The effect of propolis on serum paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activies in Cyprinus carpio during chromium exposure. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(6), 1399-1402.
- Yonar, M.E., Mişe Yonar, S., İspir, Ü. & Ural, M.Ş. (2019). Effects of curcumin on haematological values, immunity, antioxidant status and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. Achromogenes. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 89, 83-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.038
- Yöntürk, Y. & Yonar, M.E. (2018). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ nda arı poleninin paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine etkisinin araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(2), 23-27.
The effect of curcumin on paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L)
Year 2020, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 329 - 334, 15.12.2020Abstract
In this study, the effect of curcumin on paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) were examined. For this purpose, curcumin was added into the feed during 21 days with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. At the end of this period, serum, liver and kidney samples were taken from the fish and changes in paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities were investigated.
The serum and liver paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities of the curcumin treated groups showed significant increases compared to the control group. The increase in kidney paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities was statistically insignificant.
Keywords
Cyprinus carpio, Arylesterase, fish, curcumin, enzyme, paraoxonase
References
- Altinok I., Capkın, E. & Boran, H. (2012). Mutagenic, genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory effects of carbosulfan in rainbow trout Orconhynchus mykiss. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102, 61-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.10.011
- Arda, M., Seçer, S. & Sarıeyyüpoğlu, M. (2005). Balık Hastalıkları. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi.
- Aviram, M., Rosenbalt, M., Billecke, S., Erogul, J., Sorenson, R., Bisgaier, C.L., Newton, R.S. & La Du, B. (1999). Human serum paraoxonase (PON 1) is inactivated by oxidized low density lipoproteın and preserved by antioxidants. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 26, 892-904. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00272-X
- Azarsız, E. & Sönmez E.Y. (2000). Paraoksonaz ve klinik önemi. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi, 25, 109-119.
- Bastos, V.L.F.C., Alves, M.V., Bernardino, G., Ceccarelli, P.S. & Bastos, J.C. (2004). Paraoxonase Activity in Sera of Four Neotropical Fish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72, 798–805. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0315-2
- Beyaztaş, S., Türker, D., Sinan, S. & Arslan, O. (2007). Cyprinus carpio paraoksonaz enziminin bazı ağır metallerle inhibisyon etkisinin incelenmesi. 21. Ulusal Kimya Kongresi, 23-27 Ağustos, Malatya.
- Chattopadhyay, I., Biswasl, K., Bandyopadhyay, U. & Banerjee, R.K. (2004). Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Current Science, 87(1), 44-53.
- Çağdaş, B., Kocagöz, R., Onat, İ., Perçin, F., Özaydın, O. & Orhan, H. (2017). Periodic Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Molecular Damages of Cyprinus carpio from Büyük Menderes River. Environmental Science Pollution Research International, 24, 4241-4251, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4848-1
- da Silva, A.C., de Freitas Santos, P.D., do Prado Silva, J.T., Leimann, F.V., Bracht, L. & Gonçalves, O.H. (2018). Impact of curcumin nanoformulation on its antimicrobial activity, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 72, 74-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.12.004
- Deveci, H.A., Kaya, İ., Yılmaz, M. & Karapehlivan, M. (2015). Effect of zinc sulphate on the levels of plasma paraoxonase activity, total oxidant and high density lipoprotein of transcaucasian barb (Capoeta capoeta Guldenstaedt, 1773). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(9), 2732-2735.
- Dubravka, J., Milena, T., Branka, R., Vrea, S.R., Elsa, R. & Martin, B. (2001). Serum paraoxonase activities in the hemodialyzed uremic patients: Cohort study. Clinical Science, 42, 146-150.
- Folly, E., Bastos, V.L.C., Alves, M.V., Bastos, J.C. & Atella, G.C. (2001). A high density lipoprotein from Piaractus mesopotamicus, pacu, (Osteichthyes, Characidae), is associated with paraoxonase activity. Biochimie, 83, 945-951. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01342-6
- Gan, N., Smolen, A., Eckerson, W. & La Du B.N. (1991). Purification of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase, Evidence for one esterase catalyzing both activities. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 19, 100-106.
- Gürsu, M.F. & Özdin, M. (2002). Sigara içenlerde serum paraoksonaz (PON1) aktiviteleri ile malondialdehit düzeylerinin araştırılması. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 7, 732-737.
- Huminiecki, L., Horbańczuk, J. & Atanasov, A.G. (2017). The functional genomic studies of curcumin, Seminars in Cancer Biology, 46, 107-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.002
- İşitez, N. (2014). Alkilleyici ajanlar tarafından uyarılan genotoksisite üzerine curcuminin etkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Afyon.
- Jagetia, G.C. & Aggarwal, B.B. (2007). "Spicing Up” of the immune system by curcumin, Journal of Clinical Immunology, 27(1), 19-35. DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7
- Joe, B., Vijaykumar, M. & Lokesh, B.R. (2004). Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition, 44, 97–111. DOI: 10.1080/10408690490424702
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayınları.
- Karaca, M., Varışlı, L., Korkmaz, K., Özaydın, O, Perçin, F. & Orhan, H. (2014). Organochlorine Pesticides and Antioxidant Enzymes are inversely correlated with liver enzyme gene expression in Cyprinus carpio. Toxicology Letters, 230, 198-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.013
- Karataş, T. & Kocaman, E.M. (2012). Comparison of Paraoxonase Activity, Malondialdehyde and High-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Cultuvated Normal and Albino Rainbow Trout Reared in the Same Conditions. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 87-90. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2011.4971
- Karataş, T. & Kocaman, E.M. (2014). Susceptibility to oxidative damage in wild and cultured brook trouts (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1815). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(1), 180-183.
- Kılıç, T. & Yonar, M.E. (2017). Malathionun pullu sazan (Cyprinus carpio)’da paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine etkisinin araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 31(2), 87-92.
- Kocaçalışkan, İ. & Bingöl, N.A. (2008). Biyoistatistik. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Li, W.F., Costa, L.G. & Furlong, C.E. (1993). Serum paraoxonase status: A major factor in determining resistance to organophosphates. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 40, 337-346. DOI: 10.1080/15287399309531798
- Mackness, M.I., Arrol, S.I., Mackness, B. & Durrington, P.N. (1997). Allo-enzymes of paraoxonase and effectiveness of high density lipoproteins in protecting low density lipoprotein against lipit peroxidation. Lancet, 349, 851-852.
- Mackness, M.I., Mackness, B., Durrington, P.N., Connely, P.W. & Hegele, R.A. (1996). Paraoxonase: biochemistry, genetics and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. Current Opinion Lipidology, 7, 69-76.
- Mackness, M.I., Walker, C.H. & Carson, L.A. (1987). Low‘A’-esterase activity in serum of patients with fish-eye disease. Clinical Chemistry, 3, 587–588.
- Maheshwari, R.K., Singh, A.K., Gaddipati, J. & Srimal, R.C. (2006). Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review. Life Sciences, 78, 2081–2087. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.007
- Manju, M., Akbarsha, M.A. & Oommen, O.V. (2012). In vivo protective effect of dietary curcumin in fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(2), 309-318. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9508-x
- Mazur, A. (1946). An enzyme in animal tissues capable of hydrolyzing the phosphorus-fluorine bond of alkyl fluorophospates. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, (164), 271-289.
- Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M.E. & Yöntürk, Y. (2014). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)'nda Curcuminin Bazı Antioksidan Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 53-57.
- Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M.E., Yöntürk, Y. & Pala, A. (2013). Curcuminin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)' nda bazı hematolojik parametrelere etkisi. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (BİBAD), 6 (1), 59-61.
- Okada, K., Wangpoentrakul, C., Tanaka, T., Toyokuni, S., Uchida, K. & Osawa, T. (2001). Curcumin and especially tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorate oxidative stress-induced renal injury in mice. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 2090–2095. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2090
- Percin, F. & Konyalioglu, S. (2008). Serum Biochemical Profiles of Captive and Wild Northern Bluefin Tuna, (Thunnus thynnus L. 1758) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Aquaculture Research, 39, 945-953. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01954.x
- Sağlam, N. & Yonar, M.E. (2009). Effects of sulfamerazine on selected haematological and ımmunological parameters in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Aquaculture Research, 40, 395-404. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02105.x
- San, A. & Yonar, M.E. (2017). Determination of oxidative stress in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpioLinnaeus, 1758) exposed to deltamethrin in different water temperature. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(3), 281-286. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.3.06
- Sayın, D., Türker Çakır, D., Gençer, N. & Arslan, O. (2012). Effects of some metals on paraoxonase activity from shark Scyliorhinus canicula. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 27(4), 595-598. DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.604320
- Sümbüloğlu, K. (1998). Biyoistatistik. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınevi.
- Yonar, M.E., Mişe Yonar, S., Çoban, M.Z. & Eroğlu, M. (2012). The effect of propolis on serum paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activies in Cyprinus carpio during chromium exposure. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(6), 1399-1402.
- Yonar, M.E., Mişe Yonar, S., İspir, Ü. & Ural, M.Ş. (2019). Effects of curcumin on haematological values, immunity, antioxidant status and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. Achromogenes. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 89, 83-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.038
- Yöntürk, Y. & Yonar, M.E. (2018). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ nda arı poleninin paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz enzim aktivitelerine etkisinin araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(2), 23-27.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors |
|
| Project Number | SÜF.18.01. |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2020 |
| Submission Date | December 25, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Volume: 37 Issue: 4 |