Ege Denizi’nde balık çiftlikleri etrafındaki doğal balık tür çeşitliliği
Year 2019, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 271 - 283, 15.09.2019Abstract
Okyanuslarda yüzen yapılar çok sayıda ve çeşitlilikte genç ve yetişkin balıkları cezbeder. Açık denizlerde doğal ve yapay “balık cezbetme düzenekleri (FAD)”, pelajik balıkları çekme kapasiteleri nedeniyle iyi bilinmektedir. Yüzen balık kafesleri de bir çeşit FAD olarak varsayılabilir. Hatta bunlar yemlemenin etkisiyle kafes altındaki balık toplanmalarını çok daha fazla arttırırlar. Bu çalışmada, hem kuzey Ege’deki hem de güney Ege’deki altı balık çiftliği civarında doğal balık toplulukları sayılmıştır. Çipura (Sparus aurata) ve levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) yetiştirilen her bir balık çiftliği kıyıdan 720 m ile 3 km arasında konuşlandırılmıştır. Temmuz 2015 ve Temmuz 2017 yılları arasında altı çiftliğin her birinde iki ayda bir doğal balık toplulukları sayılmıştır. Her çiftlikte SCUBA ile 11250 m3 hacmi kapsayan altı adet 5 dakikalık hızlı görsel sayım yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, özellikle en bol bulunan 3 familyayla -Sparidae (7 tür), Carangidae (6 tür) ve Mugilidae (4 tür)– birlikte toplam 22 familyaya ait 40 tür kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarıyla Akdeniz'in diğer bölgelerinde yapılmış çalışmaların sonuçları da birleştirilince, Akdeniz'de toplam 99 balık türünün deniz kafesleri altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Keywords
Balık çiftlikleri, doğal balıklar, tür çeşitliliği, Ege Denizi, Akdeniz
References
- Akyol, O. & Ertosluk, O. (2010). Fishing near sea-cage farms along the coast of the Turkish Aegean Sea, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 26, 11–15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01348.x
- Akyol, O., Ceyhan, T., Düzbastılar, F.O., Özgül, A. & Şen, H. (2017). Ege Denizi balık çiftliklerinde kafes altı doğal balık topluluklarının mevsimsel değişimi. TUBİTAK Proje (no: 114Y584) Kesin Raporu. pp.1-124.
- Arechavala-Lopez, P., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Fernandez-Jover, D., Martinez-Rublo, L., Lopez-Jimenez, J.A. & Martinez-Lopez, F.J. (2011). Direct interaction between wild fish aggragations at fish farms and fisheries activity at fishing grounds: a case study with Boops boops. Aquaculture Research, 42, 996-1010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02683.x
- Bacher, K., Gordoa, A. & Sagué, O. (2012). Spatial and temporal extension of wild fish aggregations at Sparus aurata and Thunnus thynnus farms in the North-western Mediterranean. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 2, 239-252. DOI: 10.3354/aei00042
- Boyra, A., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Tuya, F., Espino, F. & Haroun, R. (2004). Attraction of wild coastal fishes to an Atlantic subtropical cage fish farms, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 70, 393-401.
- BSGM (2018). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. GTHB - Balıkçılık ve Su Ürünleri Genel Müdürlüğü, http://tarim.gov.tr/BSGM, Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2019.
- Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Giménez-Casalduero, F. & Valle, C. (2002). Attraction of wild fish to sea-cage fish farms in the South-western Mediterranean Sea: spatial and short term temporal variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 242, 237-252.
- Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J. & Kingsford, M. (2004). Extensive aggregations of wild fish at coastal sea-cage farms. Hydrobiologia, 525, 245-248.
- Dempster, T. & Taquet, M. (2004). Fish aggregation device (FAD) research: gaps in current knowledge and future directions for ecological studies. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14, 21-42.
- Dempster, T., Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Tuya, F., Bayle-Sempere, J., Boyra, A. & Haroun, R.J. (2005). Vertical variability of wild fish assemblages around sea-cage fish farms: implications for management. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 304, 15-29.
- DOĞAKA (2014). Kültür balıkçılığı sektör raporu. Doğu Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı, 20 s.
- FAO (2016). The state of World fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome, pp. 1-200.
- Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Valle, C. & Demster, T. (2008). Seasonal patterns and diets of wild fish assemblages associated with Mediterranean coastal fish farms. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65,1153-1160.
- Holmer, M. (2010). Environmental issues of fish farming in offshore waters: perspectives, concerns and research needs. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 1, 57-70. DOI: 10.3354/aei00007
- Özgül, A. (2010). Ege Denizi’nde pelajik balık avcılığı için yüzen yapay resif teknolojisinin geliştirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Ensititüsü, Doktora Tezi, Bornova, 141 s.
- Riera, R., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Rodriguez, M. & Monterroso, O. (2014). Artificial marine habitats favour a single fish species on a long-term scale: the dominance of Boops boops around off-shore fish cages. Scientia Marina, 78, 505-510. DOI: 10.3989/scimar.04083.08A
- Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Fernandez-Jover, D., Valle, C. & Dempster, T. (2007). Ecological relationship between wild fish populations and Mediterranean aquaculture in floating fish cages. Impact of mariculture on coastal ecosystems, Lisboa, 21-24 Feb., CIESM Workshop Monographs No.32, 86 p.
- Segvic Bubic, T., Grubisic, L., Ticina, V. & Katavic, I. (2011). Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish assemblages around Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus farms in the eastern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 78, 78-97. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02837.x
- TUİK (2018). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr, Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2019.
- Tuya, F., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Dempster, T., Boyra, A. & Haroun, R.J. (2006). Changes in demersal wild fish aggregations beneath a sea-cage fish farm after the cessation of farming. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 682-697. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01139.x
- Valle, C., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P. & Gimenez-Casalduero, F. (2007). Temporal variability of wild fish assemblages associated with a sea-cage fish farm in the South-western Mediterranean Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 72: 299-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.10.019
Wild fish diversity around the sea-cage fish farms in the Aegean Sea
Year 2019, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 271 - 283, 15.09.2019Abstract
Structures, floating on the surface of the ocean attract both juvenile and adult fishes in great numbers and diversity. Natural and artificial Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs) in open seas are widely recognised for their capacity to attract pelagic fishes. It can be assumed that floating sea-cages act as a kind of FAD. Even, fish aggregations beneath the sea-cages increase much more by the influence of feeding. In this study, aggregations of wild fish were counted around six sea-cage fish farms in both northern and southern Aegean Sea. Each fish farm cultivated Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax and the farms deployed between 720 m and 3 km far from the coast. Between July 2015 and July 2017, assemblages of wild fish were counted bimonthly on two separate days at each of these farms. The Rapid Visual Counts (RVC) in five minutes with SCUBA and covering 11250 m3 were performed for six times within each farm. A total of 40 species, belonging to 22 families were recorded at fish farms, with 3 families, Sparidae (7 species), Carangidae (6 species) and Mugilidae (4 species) being particularly abundant. The results of the study and other studies conducted in other parts of the Mediterranean were merged; it was found that a total of 99 fish species were listed around sea-cage fish farms in the Mediterranean Sea.
Keywords
Sea-cage fish farms, wild fish, diversity, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean
References
- Akyol, O. & Ertosluk, O. (2010). Fishing near sea-cage farms along the coast of the Turkish Aegean Sea, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 26, 11–15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01348.x
- Akyol, O., Ceyhan, T., Düzbastılar, F.O., Özgül, A. & Şen, H. (2017). Ege Denizi balık çiftliklerinde kafes altı doğal balık topluluklarının mevsimsel değişimi. TUBİTAK Proje (no: 114Y584) Kesin Raporu. pp.1-124.
- Arechavala-Lopez, P., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Fernandez-Jover, D., Martinez-Rublo, L., Lopez-Jimenez, J.A. & Martinez-Lopez, F.J. (2011). Direct interaction between wild fish aggragations at fish farms and fisheries activity at fishing grounds: a case study with Boops boops. Aquaculture Research, 42, 996-1010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02683.x
- Bacher, K., Gordoa, A. & Sagué, O. (2012). Spatial and temporal extension of wild fish aggregations at Sparus aurata and Thunnus thynnus farms in the North-western Mediterranean. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 2, 239-252. DOI: 10.3354/aei00042
- Boyra, A., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Tuya, F., Espino, F. & Haroun, R. (2004). Attraction of wild coastal fishes to an Atlantic subtropical cage fish farms, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 70, 393-401.
- BSGM (2018). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. GTHB - Balıkçılık ve Su Ürünleri Genel Müdürlüğü, http://tarim.gov.tr/BSGM, Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2019.
- Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Giménez-Casalduero, F. & Valle, C. (2002). Attraction of wild fish to sea-cage fish farms in the South-western Mediterranean Sea: spatial and short term temporal variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 242, 237-252.
- Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J. & Kingsford, M. (2004). Extensive aggregations of wild fish at coastal sea-cage farms. Hydrobiologia, 525, 245-248.
- Dempster, T. & Taquet, M. (2004). Fish aggregation device (FAD) research: gaps in current knowledge and future directions for ecological studies. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14, 21-42.
- Dempster, T., Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Tuya, F., Bayle-Sempere, J., Boyra, A. & Haroun, R.J. (2005). Vertical variability of wild fish assemblages around sea-cage fish farms: implications for management. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 304, 15-29.
- DOĞAKA (2014). Kültür balıkçılığı sektör raporu. Doğu Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı, 20 s.
- FAO (2016). The state of World fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome, pp. 1-200.
- Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Valle, C. & Demster, T. (2008). Seasonal patterns and diets of wild fish assemblages associated with Mediterranean coastal fish farms. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65,1153-1160.
- Holmer, M. (2010). Environmental issues of fish farming in offshore waters: perspectives, concerns and research needs. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 1, 57-70. DOI: 10.3354/aei00007
- Özgül, A. (2010). Ege Denizi’nde pelajik balık avcılığı için yüzen yapay resif teknolojisinin geliştirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Ensititüsü, Doktora Tezi, Bornova, 141 s.
- Riera, R., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Rodriguez, M. & Monterroso, O. (2014). Artificial marine habitats favour a single fish species on a long-term scale: the dominance of Boops boops around off-shore fish cages. Scientia Marina, 78, 505-510. DOI: 10.3989/scimar.04083.08A
- Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Fernandez-Jover, D., Valle, C. & Dempster, T. (2007). Ecological relationship between wild fish populations and Mediterranean aquaculture in floating fish cages. Impact of mariculture on coastal ecosystems, Lisboa, 21-24 Feb., CIESM Workshop Monographs No.32, 86 p.
- Segvic Bubic, T., Grubisic, L., Ticina, V. & Katavic, I. (2011). Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish assemblages around Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus farms in the eastern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 78, 78-97. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02837.x
- TUİK (2018). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr, Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2019.
- Tuya, F., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Dempster, T., Boyra, A. & Haroun, R.J. (2006). Changes in demersal wild fish aggregations beneath a sea-cage fish farm after the cessation of farming. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 682-697. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01139.x
- Valle, C., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Dempster, T., Sanchez-Jerez, P. & Gimenez-Casalduero, F. (2007). Temporal variability of wild fish assemblages associated with a sea-cage fish farm in the South-western Mediterranean Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 72: 299-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.10.019
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors |
|
| Supporting Institution | TÜBİTAK |
| Project Number | 114Y584 |
| Thanks | Bu çalışmada maddi destek sağlayan başta Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK, 114Y584 Nolu Proje) olmak üzere, balık çiftliklerinde serbestçe dalış izni ve lojistik destek veren Agromey, Abalıoğlu, Hatko ve İskandil şirketlerinin sahipleri, yönetici ve çalışanlarına teşekkürü bir borç biliriz. |
| Publication Date | September 15, 2019 |
| Submission Date | February 5, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | June 22, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 36 Issue: 3 |