Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 115 - 124, 15.06.2019
Abstract
Marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) are preferred in European cuisine. In recent years, interest in farming of marsh frogs has increased, but little is known about their bacterial diseases. This research was carried out in a marsh frog farming operation in Mersin, Turkey, in order to determine the bacterial diversity. For this purpose, a total of 339 frog, 30 water, and 8 feed samples were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out by conventional techniques and the VITEK-2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 239 isolates of 49 different species, including 31 Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria, 9 Gram positive rod-shaped sporeforming bacteria, and 9 Gram positive cocci-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria have been identified. These bacteria species were detected from 25 (83.3%) water, 5 (62.5%) feed samples, and 64 (84.2%) of 76 frog specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MAR index values ranged between 1.4-95.8% and 0.13-0.73, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in water, feed and frog specimens, which could pose risk for frogs and human health, have been detected in the marsh frog farm in Mersin. This study reveals, that further investigations are necessary for sustainable marsh frog breeding in Turkey.
References
- Amborski, R.L, Snider, T.G., Thune, R.L. & Culley, Jr D.D. (1983). A Non-haemolytic Group B Streptococcus infection of cultured bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, in Brazil. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 19, 180-184. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-19.3.180
- Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (2007). Bacterial fish pathogens. 4th ed. Chichester, UK: Springer-Praxis.
- Bilgehan, H. (1992). Klinik Mikrobiyolojik Tanı. Ankara: Şafak Matbaacılık (Book in Turkish).
- Brown, L.L., Cox, W.T. & Levine, R.P. (1997). Evidence that the causal agent of bacterial cold-water disease Flavobacterium psychrophilum is transmitted with in salmonid eggs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 29, 213-218. DOI: 10.3354/dao029213
- CFSPH (The Center for Food Security and Public Health) (2013). Reptile-Associated Salmonellosis. Retrived from www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/reptile_ associated_salmonellosis.pdf (15.04.2017).
- CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) (2010). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals: First Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M42/M49-S1 (ISBN 1-56238-727-8), Pennsylvania.
- D’Silva, R. (2015). Frog culture-why not. International Journal of Management and Behavioural Sciences, 6-7, 418-426.
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2016). Cultured aquatic species information programme Rana catasbeiana; 2016. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/ culturedspecies/Rana_catesbeiana/en. (15.04.2017)
- Hacioglu, N. & Tosunoglu, M. (2014) Determination of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance profiles of some bacteria isolated from aquatic amphibian and reptile species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 407–413. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3385-y
- Hacioglu, N., Gul, C. & Tosunoglu. M. (2015). Bacteriological screening and antibiotic-heavy metal resistance profile of the bacteria ısolated from some amphibian and reptile species of the Biga Stream in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 9, 422- 426.
- Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. & Williams, S.T. (2000). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Huys, G., Pearson, M., Kämpfer, P., Denys, R., Cnockaert, M., Inglis, V. & Swings, J. (2003). Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. ranae subsp. nov., isolated from septicaemic farmed frogs in Thailand. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 885–891. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02357-0
- Jeong, Y.J., Kim, J.T. & Suh, G.H. (2014). Case report: mass death of frogs (Rana dybowskii) caused by septicemia in artificial raising farm. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service, 37, 203-212. DOI: 10.7853/kjvs.2014.37.3.203
- Lee, S.W., Najiah, M., Wendy, W., Nadirah, M. & Faizah, S.H. (2009). Occurence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in bacteria from ınternal organs of American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) raised in Malaysia. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Disease, 15, 353-358. DOI: 10.1590/S1678-91992009000200016
- LPSN (List of Prokaryotic Names) (2017). Genus Salmonella. Retrived from www.bacterio.net/salmonella.html (15.4.2017)
- Lutz, C.G., & Avery, J.L. (1999). Bulfrog culture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication No. 436.
- Mauel, M.J., Miller, D.L., Frazier, K.S. & Hines, II M.E. (2002). Bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured bullfrogs (Rana castesbeiana). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 14, 431-433. DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400515
- Miles, J., Williams, J. & Hailey, A. (2004). Frog farming: Investigation of biological and mechanical agents to increase the consumption of pelleted food by adult Rana temporaria. Applied Herpetology, 1, 271–286. DOI: 10.1163/157075403323012223
- Pasteris, S.E., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macias, M.E. (2006). Microbiological and histological studies of farmed-bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tissues displaying red-leg syndrome. Aquaculture, 251, 11-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.007
- Pasteris, S.E., Vera Pingitore, E., Roig Babot, G., Otero, M.C., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macías, M.E. (2009). Characterization of the beneficial properties of Lactobacilli isolated from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) hatchery. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 95, 373–385. DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9329-4
- Pasteris, S.E., Guidoli, M.G., Otero, M.C., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macías, M.E. (2011). In vitro inhibition of Citrobacter freundii, a red-leg syndrome associated pathogen in raniculture, by indigenous Lactococcus lactis CRL 1584. Veterinary Microbiology, 151, 336–344. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.025
- Pilarski, F. & Schocken-Iturrino, R.P. (2010). Isolation and Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. strains from bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(5). DOI: 10.1590/S0102-09352010000500036
- Plumb, J.A. & Browser, P.R. (1983). Microbial fish disease laboratory manual. Montgomery, USA: Brown Printing Company.
- Schadich, E. & Cole, A.L.J. (2010). Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis to Brown tree frogs (Litoria ewingii). Journal of Comparative Medicine, 60, 114-117.
- Taylor, S.K., Green, D.E., Wright, K.M. & Whitaker, B.R. (2001). Bacterial diseases. In: K.M. Wright & B.R. Whitaker (Eds.), Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry (pp. 159-180). Florida, USA: Publishing Company Krieger Drive.
- Tee, L. W. & Najiah, M. (2011). Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia. Open Veterinary Journal, 1, 39-45.
- Whitaker, B.R. & Wright, K.M. (2001). Clinical Techniques. In: K.M. Wright & B.R. Whitaker (Eds.), Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry (pp. 89-110). Florida, USA: Publishing Company Krieger Drive.
Yetiştiriciliği yapılan ova kurbağasından (Pelophylax ridibundus, Pallas 1771) izole edilen bakteriyel etkenler
Abstract
Ova kurbağası (Pelophylax ridibundus) Avrupa mutfağında tercih edilen bir türdür. Son yıllarda kurbağa yetiştiriciliğine ilgi artmış olmasına karşın bakteriyel hastalıkları hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu araştırma, bakteri çeşitliliğini tespit etmek amacıyla Mersin’de bir ova kurbağası çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla toplam 339 kurbağa, 30 su ve 8 yem örneği toplanmıştır. Bakterilerin izolasyonu ve tanımlanması geleneksel teknikler ve VITEK-2 kompakt sistemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testi Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. 31 Gram negatif basil, 9 Gram pozitif basil ve 9 Gram pozitif kok içeren 49 farklı türden toplam 239 izolat tanımlanmıştır. Bu bakteri türlerinin 25’i (% 83,3) su, 5’i (% 62,5) yem örneklerinden ve 64’ü (% 84,2) 76 kurbağa numunesinden tespit edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal duyarlılık ve MAR indeksi değerleri sırasıyla % 1,4-95,8 ve 0,13-0,73 arasında değişmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Mersin’deki ova kurbağası çiftliğinde kurbağa ve insan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabilecek fırsatçı patojenik bakterilerin varlığı kurbağa, su ve yem örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir ova kurbağalarının yetiştirilmesi için daha ileri araştırmaların gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
References
- Amborski, R.L, Snider, T.G., Thune, R.L. & Culley, Jr D.D. (1983). A Non-haemolytic Group B Streptococcus infection of cultured bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, in Brazil. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 19, 180-184. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-19.3.180
- Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (2007). Bacterial fish pathogens. 4th ed. Chichester, UK: Springer-Praxis.
- Bilgehan, H. (1992). Klinik Mikrobiyolojik Tanı. Ankara: Şafak Matbaacılık (Book in Turkish).
- Brown, L.L., Cox, W.T. & Levine, R.P. (1997). Evidence that the causal agent of bacterial cold-water disease Flavobacterium psychrophilum is transmitted with in salmonid eggs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 29, 213-218. DOI: 10.3354/dao029213
- CFSPH (The Center for Food Security and Public Health) (2013). Reptile-Associated Salmonellosis. Retrived from www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/reptile_ associated_salmonellosis.pdf (15.04.2017).
- CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) (2010). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals: First Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M42/M49-S1 (ISBN 1-56238-727-8), Pennsylvania.
- D’Silva, R. (2015). Frog culture-why not. International Journal of Management and Behavioural Sciences, 6-7, 418-426.
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2016). Cultured aquatic species information programme Rana catasbeiana; 2016. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/ culturedspecies/Rana_catesbeiana/en. (15.04.2017)
- Hacioglu, N. & Tosunoglu, M. (2014) Determination of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance profiles of some bacteria isolated from aquatic amphibian and reptile species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 407–413. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3385-y
- Hacioglu, N., Gul, C. & Tosunoglu. M. (2015). Bacteriological screening and antibiotic-heavy metal resistance profile of the bacteria ısolated from some amphibian and reptile species of the Biga Stream in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 9, 422- 426.
- Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. & Williams, S.T. (2000). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Huys, G., Pearson, M., Kämpfer, P., Denys, R., Cnockaert, M., Inglis, V. & Swings, J. (2003). Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. ranae subsp. nov., isolated from septicaemic farmed frogs in Thailand. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 885–891. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02357-0
- Jeong, Y.J., Kim, J.T. & Suh, G.H. (2014). Case report: mass death of frogs (Rana dybowskii) caused by septicemia in artificial raising farm. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service, 37, 203-212. DOI: 10.7853/kjvs.2014.37.3.203
- Lee, S.W., Najiah, M., Wendy, W., Nadirah, M. & Faizah, S.H. (2009). Occurence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in bacteria from ınternal organs of American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) raised in Malaysia. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Disease, 15, 353-358. DOI: 10.1590/S1678-91992009000200016
- LPSN (List of Prokaryotic Names) (2017). Genus Salmonella. Retrived from www.bacterio.net/salmonella.html (15.4.2017)
- Lutz, C.G., & Avery, J.L. (1999). Bulfrog culture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication No. 436.
- Mauel, M.J., Miller, D.L., Frazier, K.S. & Hines, II M.E. (2002). Bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured bullfrogs (Rana castesbeiana). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 14, 431-433. DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400515
- Miles, J., Williams, J. & Hailey, A. (2004). Frog farming: Investigation of biological and mechanical agents to increase the consumption of pelleted food by adult Rana temporaria. Applied Herpetology, 1, 271–286. DOI: 10.1163/157075403323012223
- Pasteris, S.E., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macias, M.E. (2006). Microbiological and histological studies of farmed-bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tissues displaying red-leg syndrome. Aquaculture, 251, 11-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.007
- Pasteris, S.E., Vera Pingitore, E., Roig Babot, G., Otero, M.C., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macías, M.E. (2009). Characterization of the beneficial properties of Lactobacilli isolated from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) hatchery. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 95, 373–385. DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9329-4
- Pasteris, S.E., Guidoli, M.G., Otero, M.C., Bühler, M.I. & Nader-Macías, M.E. (2011). In vitro inhibition of Citrobacter freundii, a red-leg syndrome associated pathogen in raniculture, by indigenous Lactococcus lactis CRL 1584. Veterinary Microbiology, 151, 336–344. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.025
- Pilarski, F. & Schocken-Iturrino, R.P. (2010). Isolation and Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. strains from bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(5). DOI: 10.1590/S0102-09352010000500036
- Plumb, J.A. & Browser, P.R. (1983). Microbial fish disease laboratory manual. Montgomery, USA: Brown Printing Company.
- Schadich, E. & Cole, A.L.J. (2010). Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis to Brown tree frogs (Litoria ewingii). Journal of Comparative Medicine, 60, 114-117.
- Taylor, S.K., Green, D.E., Wright, K.M. & Whitaker, B.R. (2001). Bacterial diseases. In: K.M. Wright & B.R. Whitaker (Eds.), Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry (pp. 159-180). Florida, USA: Publishing Company Krieger Drive.
- Tee, L. W. & Najiah, M. (2011). Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia. Open Veterinary Journal, 1, 39-45.
- Whitaker, B.R. & Wright, K.M. (2001). Clinical Techniques. In: K.M. Wright & B.R. Whitaker (Eds.), Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry (pp. 89-110). Florida, USA: Publishing Company Krieger Drive.
There are 27 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 15, 2019 |
| Submission Date | November 2, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 36 Issue: 2 |