Sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde yemlerin çevreye etkisinin azaltılması

İsmail Berat Çantaş; Önder Yıldırım

doi:10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.1.12

TR EN

Sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde yemlerin çevreye etkisinin azaltılması

Öz

Sürdürülebilir yetiştiricilik çevresel, sosyal, ekonomik ve estetik faktörlerin bütünleşmesi ile meydana gelmektedir. Yetiştiriciliğin çevreye olan etkisinde beslemenin etkileri yadsınamaz. Çevresel etkilerin başında sisteme verilen yem ve yemin oluşturduğu besin maddelerinin yükü gelmektedir. Bu besinlerin yükünü yem içeriğinde bulunan azot ve fosfor oluşturmaktadır. Azot ve fosforun yetiştiricilik yapılan ortamda normal değerlerin üzerinde birikmesi ötrofikasyon ve algal patlamalar gibi olaylara neden olabilmekte ve bu durum yetiştiricilik ortamındaki yaşamı olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Balık yemlerinden kaynaklı çevresel etkilerin azaltılması sürdürülebilir yetiştiriciliğe önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Yemden en verimli şekilde yararlanıp çevre dostu yem formülasyonların geliştirilmesi çevreye salınan azot ve fosfor miktarını azalarak yetiştiriciliğin yem kaynaklı çevresel etkilerini azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir. Yemin daha verimli kullanılarak sindirilebilirliğinin arttırılması ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu amaca hizmet etmek üzere son yıllarda yemlere enzim eklenmesinin başarılı olduğu birçok çalışmada görülmüştür. Özellikle fitaz enzimi ilavesi ile fosfor sindirilebilirliği artmakta suya salınan fosfor miktarları da düşmektedir. Bu konuda entegre multi trofik akuakültür sistemler, akuaponik sistemler gibi alternatif üretim formülleri ve izleme sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ile bu yükün faydalı bir şekilde kullanılması ve izlenilmesi sağlanabilir. Bu derlemede sürdürülebilir yetiştiricilikte yemlerin çevresel etkileri ve bu çevresel etkilerin azaltılması için neler yapılabileceği konusu ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sürdürülebilir yetiştiricilik,çevresel etkiler,ötrofikasyon,nütrient birikimi

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Review

Authors

İsmail Berat Çantaş
0000-0002-2074-4985
Türkiye

Önder Yıldırım ^*
0000-0003-2591-0310
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 15, 2019

Submission Date

July 10, 2018

Acceptance Date

January 11, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 36 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.1.12

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82SS25PF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çantaş, İ. B., & Yıldırım, Ö. (2019). Sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde yemlerin çevreye etkisinin azaltılması. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.1.12