Sea urchins which collected from Muğla-Ören site area were measured
biometrical. Then body compartment dissected seperately. Gonadosomatic and body
indices are worked out by different methods (Method 1= Wet gonad weight / total wet weight * 100.
Method 2= Wet gonad weight / eviscerated test weight * 100. Method 3= Dried
gonad weight /total dried body weight * 100. Method 4= Wet gonad weight /wet
test+Aristo weight * 100) in a study on Arbacia
lixula which is one of the edible species. It is determined due to the data
that maximum gonadosomatic index is avaliable with method 3 (%5.79) and minimum one is (%2.58) with
method 4 in other viewpoint, it is determined that maximum test index is
avaible with method 4 (%91.67) and minimum one is (%62.92) with method 1,
maximum stomach index is avaible with method 2 (%6.3) and minimum one is (%2.4)
with method 3, maximum aristo index is avaible with method 2 (%9.08) and
minimum one is (%5.71) with method 1 by using body index.
Agatsuma, Y. (1998). Aquaculture of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) transplanted from coralline flats in Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Shellfish Research Vol. 17, No: 5, 1541-1547
Barker, M.F., Keogh, J.A., Lawrence, J.M. & Lawrence A.L., (1998). Feeding rate, absorption efficiencies, growth and enhancement of gonad production in the New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus valenciennes (Echinoidea: Echinometridae) fed prepared and natural diets. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol, 17. No. 5, 1583-1590
Beddingfield, S.D. (1977). The nutrition, growth, reproduction and population dynamicks of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) from contrasting habitats in St. Joseph Bay, Florida. PhD dissertion, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
Bernard, F.R. (1977). Fishery and Reproductive cycle of the Red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, In British Columbia. Journal Fish Research Board Canada. 34: 604-610. doi: 10.1139/f77-095
Bougis, P. (1967). Utilisation des plutéus en écologie expérimentale. Helgoland Marine Research, 15 (1-4): 59-68. doi: 10.1007/bf01618609
Bulleri, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, L. & Cinelli, F. (1999). Grazing by the sea urchins Arbacia lixula L. and Paracentrotus lividus Lam. İn the Northwest Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 241 (1): 81-95. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00073-8
Cook, E.J., Kelly, M.S. & Mckenzie, J.D. (1998). Somatic and gonadal growth of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) fed artifical salmon feed compared with a macroalgal diet. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 17, No: 5, 1549-1555
Davis, A.R., Fyfe S.K., Turon, X. & Uriz, M.J. (2003). Size matters sometimes wall height and the structure of subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages in South-eastern Australia and Medditerranean Spain. Journal of Biogeography. Vol: 30 (12): 3-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2003.00961.x
De Giorgi, C., De Luca, F. & Saccone, C. (1991). Mitochondrial DNA in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula: nucleotide sequence differences between two polymorphic molecule indicate asymmetry of maturations. Gene, 103 (2): 249-252. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90281-F
De Giorgi, C., Alessandro, A.D. & Saccone, C. (1992). Mitochondrial DNA detection and copy number determination in the spermatozoa of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 182(3): 1454-1459.
doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91897-Y
Drzewina, A. & Bohn, G. (1924). Un nouveau cas d’hermaphrodisme chez l’oursin, Strongylocentrotus lividus. CR Academia Science Paris: 662-663
Emlet, R.B. (2000). Ecology of adult sea urchins. Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, or. USA. pp 111
Fenaux, L., Malara, G. & Charra, R. (1975). Effects d’un jeūne de courte durée sur les principaux constituants biochimiques de l’oursin Arbacia lixula. I. Stade de repos sexuel. Marine Biology, 30(3):239-244. doi: 10.1007/BF00390746
Gadd, G. (1907). Einfall von Hermaphroditismus bei Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Zoologischer Anzeiger.31: 635-638.
George, S.B., Cellario C. & Fenaux, L. (1990). Population differences in egg quality of Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidae): proximate composition of eggs and larval development. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology Ecology 141(2-3): 107-118. doi: 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90217-Z
Giese, A. C., Greenfield, L., Huang, H., Farmanfarmaian, A., Bootlootian, R., & Lasker, R. (1958). Biological Bulletin Vol.116, No.1 pp.49-58. doi: 10.2307/1539155
Guidetti, P. & Mori, M. (2005). Morpho-functional defences of Mediterranean sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, against fish predators. Marine Biology, 147(3):797-802. doi: 10.1007/s00227-005-1611-z
Gonor, J.J. (1972). Gonad growth in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) (Echinodermota: Echinoidea) and the assumptions of gonad index methods. Journal Experimental Marine Biololgy Ecology 10: 89- 103. doi: 10.1016/0022-0981(72)90095-0
Guidetti, P., Terlizzi, A. & Boero, F. (2004). Effects of the edible sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, fishery along the Apulian rocky coast (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research, 66: 287-297. doi: 10.1016/S0165-7836(3)00206-6
James, P., Heath, P. & Unwin, M. (2007) The effects of season, temperature and initial gonad condition on roe enhancement of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. Aquaculture 270, 115-131. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.011
Junquiera, O.R., Ventura, C.R.R., DeCarvalho, A.L., & Schmidt, A.J. (1997). Populations recovery of sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in a seagrass flat (Araruama Lagoon, Brazil): the role of recruitment in a distrubed environment. Invertebrata Reproduction Development 31:143-150. doi: 10.1080/07924259.1997.9672572
Kato, S. & Schroeter, S.C. (1985). Biology of the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanis and its fishery in California, Marine Fisheries Review ,47 (3):1-20.
Köse, A. (2005). A study about the gonad productivity and the indices changes of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus, Lamarck 1816). Phd in Department of Aquaculture. Bornova-İzmir-Türkiye.
Köse, A. & Lök A. (2014) Morphometric relationships and annually variability of condition of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus-Echinodermata:Echinodermata) at coast of Foca in the South Aegean Sea. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 23/10: 2431-2439.
Lök, A., & Köse, A. (2006). Urla İskele’den toplanan deniz kestanelerinin (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula) gonadosomatik indeks değişimi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23 (1-2):7-11.
Lasker, R. & Giese, A.C. (1954). Nutrition of the sea urchin, Strogylocentrotus purpuratus. Biologica. Bulletin 106: 328- 340. doi: 10.2307/1538767
Lawrence, J.M. & Bazhin, A. (1998). Life-histang strategies and the potential of sea urchins for aquaculture, Journal of Shellfish Research 17: 1515-1522.
Lawrence, J. M., Olave, S., Otaıza, R., Lawrence, A.L. & Buston, E. (1997). Enhancement of Gonad Production in the sea urchin Loxechinus albus in Chile Fed Extruded Feeds, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Vol. 28/1. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00966.x
Lawrence, J.M., Plank, L.R. & Lawrence, A.L. (2003). The effect of feedıng frequency on consumption of food absorption efficiency and gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus Comprative Bichemistry and Physiology Part A (134) 69-75.
Le Dreac’h, J.P. (1987) La péche des oursıns en Méditerranée:histor: gue,technigues,législotion ,production. In: Boudouresgue (Fled) Collogue internationd Sur Paracentrotus lividus efles oursins comestibles. Gis Pasidoine, Marseille, pp 335-362.
Meglitsch, P.A. (1967). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford Universty press. London Toronto. pp. 348.
Murillo-Navarro, R. & Jimenez-Guirado, D. (2012) Relationship between algal food and gut and gonad conditions in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lam.) Mediterranean Marine Science 13/2, 227-238. doi: 10.12681/mms.302
Neefs, Y. (1938). Remorques sur le cycle sexuel de l’oursin, Strongylocentrotus lividus, dans la région deoscoff. CR Academia Science Paris 206:775-777.
Pearce, C.M., Daggett, T.L. & Robinson, S.M.C. (2004). Effect of urchin size and diet on gonad yield and quality in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Aquaculture, 233: 337-367. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.027
Santos, R. & Flammang, S. (2005). Morphometry and mechanical design of tube foot stems in sea urchins: a comparative study. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 315 (2):211-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.09.016
Sellem, F. & Guillou, M. (2007). Reproductive biology of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in two contrasting habitats of northern Tunisia (south-east Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingtom 87, 763-767. doi: 10.1017/S002531540705521X
Spirlet, C., Grosjean, P. & Jangaux, M.. (1998). Reproductive cycle of echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: analysis by means of the maturity index Invertebrote Reproductian and Development, 34:1-69-81 Daleban, Philadelphia.
Watts, S.A., Boettger, S.A., McClintock, J.B. & Lawrence, J.M. (1998). Gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) fed prepared diets. Journal of the Shellfish Research 17: 1591-1595
Muğla-Ören Mevkii’nden toplanan deniz kestanelerinin (Arbacia lixula) gonadosomatik ve vücut indeks değişiminde farklı metotların uygulanması
Year 2016,
Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 355 - 360, 23.11.2016
Muğla-Ören mevkiinden toplanan deniz kestanelerinin
önce biyometrik ölçümleri yapılmış daha sonrada vücut parçaları tek tek
çıkartılmıştır. Arbacia lixula üzerine
yapılan bu çalışmada gonadosomatik indeks ve vücut indeksleri farklı metotlarla
(1. Metot= Gonad yaş ağırlığı / Toplam yaş ağırlık * 100. 2. Metot= Gonad yaş
ağırlık / İçi çıkarılmış test ağırlık * 100. 3. Metot= Kuru gonad
ağırlık/Toplam kuru vücut ağırlık * 100. 4. Metot= Gonad yaş ağırlık/Yaş
test+Fener ağırlık * 100) hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek
gonadosomatik indeks 3. metotla (% 5.79), en düşük ise 4. metotla (% 2.58)
tespit edilmiştir. Vücut indeksleri olarak baktığımızda ise test indeksi en
yüksek 4. metotla (%91.67), en düşük ise 1. metotla (%62.92); mide indeksi en yüksek
2. metotla (%6.3), en düşük ise 3. metotla (%2.4); Aristo indeksi en yüksek 2.
metotla (%9.08), en düşük ise 1. metotla (%5.71) tespit edilmiştir.
Agatsuma, Y. (1998). Aquaculture of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) transplanted from coralline flats in Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Shellfish Research Vol. 17, No: 5, 1541-1547
Barker, M.F., Keogh, J.A., Lawrence, J.M. & Lawrence A.L., (1998). Feeding rate, absorption efficiencies, growth and enhancement of gonad production in the New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus valenciennes (Echinoidea: Echinometridae) fed prepared and natural diets. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol, 17. No. 5, 1583-1590
Beddingfield, S.D. (1977). The nutrition, growth, reproduction and population dynamicks of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) from contrasting habitats in St. Joseph Bay, Florida. PhD dissertion, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
Bernard, F.R. (1977). Fishery and Reproductive cycle of the Red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, In British Columbia. Journal Fish Research Board Canada. 34: 604-610. doi: 10.1139/f77-095
Bougis, P. (1967). Utilisation des plutéus en écologie expérimentale. Helgoland Marine Research, 15 (1-4): 59-68. doi: 10.1007/bf01618609
Bulleri, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, L. & Cinelli, F. (1999). Grazing by the sea urchins Arbacia lixula L. and Paracentrotus lividus Lam. İn the Northwest Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 241 (1): 81-95. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00073-8
Cook, E.J., Kelly, M.S. & Mckenzie, J.D. (1998). Somatic and gonadal growth of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) fed artifical salmon feed compared with a macroalgal diet. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 17, No: 5, 1549-1555
Davis, A.R., Fyfe S.K., Turon, X. & Uriz, M.J. (2003). Size matters sometimes wall height and the structure of subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages in South-eastern Australia and Medditerranean Spain. Journal of Biogeography. Vol: 30 (12): 3-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2003.00961.x
De Giorgi, C., De Luca, F. & Saccone, C. (1991). Mitochondrial DNA in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula: nucleotide sequence differences between two polymorphic molecule indicate asymmetry of maturations. Gene, 103 (2): 249-252. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90281-F
De Giorgi, C., Alessandro, A.D. & Saccone, C. (1992). Mitochondrial DNA detection and copy number determination in the spermatozoa of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 182(3): 1454-1459.
doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91897-Y
Drzewina, A. & Bohn, G. (1924). Un nouveau cas d’hermaphrodisme chez l’oursin, Strongylocentrotus lividus. CR Academia Science Paris: 662-663
Emlet, R.B. (2000). Ecology of adult sea urchins. Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, or. USA. pp 111
Fenaux, L., Malara, G. & Charra, R. (1975). Effects d’un jeūne de courte durée sur les principaux constituants biochimiques de l’oursin Arbacia lixula. I. Stade de repos sexuel. Marine Biology, 30(3):239-244. doi: 10.1007/BF00390746
Gadd, G. (1907). Einfall von Hermaphroditismus bei Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Zoologischer Anzeiger.31: 635-638.
George, S.B., Cellario C. & Fenaux, L. (1990). Population differences in egg quality of Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidae): proximate composition of eggs and larval development. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology Ecology 141(2-3): 107-118. doi: 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90217-Z
Giese, A. C., Greenfield, L., Huang, H., Farmanfarmaian, A., Bootlootian, R., & Lasker, R. (1958). Biological Bulletin Vol.116, No.1 pp.49-58. doi: 10.2307/1539155
Guidetti, P. & Mori, M. (2005). Morpho-functional defences of Mediterranean sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, against fish predators. Marine Biology, 147(3):797-802. doi: 10.1007/s00227-005-1611-z
Gonor, J.J. (1972). Gonad growth in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) (Echinodermota: Echinoidea) and the assumptions of gonad index methods. Journal Experimental Marine Biololgy Ecology 10: 89- 103. doi: 10.1016/0022-0981(72)90095-0
Guidetti, P., Terlizzi, A. & Boero, F. (2004). Effects of the edible sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, fishery along the Apulian rocky coast (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research, 66: 287-297. doi: 10.1016/S0165-7836(3)00206-6
James, P., Heath, P. & Unwin, M. (2007) The effects of season, temperature and initial gonad condition on roe enhancement of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. Aquaculture 270, 115-131. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.011
Junquiera, O.R., Ventura, C.R.R., DeCarvalho, A.L., & Schmidt, A.J. (1997). Populations recovery of sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in a seagrass flat (Araruama Lagoon, Brazil): the role of recruitment in a distrubed environment. Invertebrata Reproduction Development 31:143-150. doi: 10.1080/07924259.1997.9672572
Kato, S. & Schroeter, S.C. (1985). Biology of the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanis and its fishery in California, Marine Fisheries Review ,47 (3):1-20.
Köse, A. (2005). A study about the gonad productivity and the indices changes of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus, Lamarck 1816). Phd in Department of Aquaculture. Bornova-İzmir-Türkiye.
Köse, A. & Lök A. (2014) Morphometric relationships and annually variability of condition of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus-Echinodermata:Echinodermata) at coast of Foca in the South Aegean Sea. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 23/10: 2431-2439.
Lök, A., & Köse, A. (2006). Urla İskele’den toplanan deniz kestanelerinin (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula) gonadosomatik indeks değişimi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23 (1-2):7-11.
Lasker, R. & Giese, A.C. (1954). Nutrition of the sea urchin, Strogylocentrotus purpuratus. Biologica. Bulletin 106: 328- 340. doi: 10.2307/1538767
Lawrence, J.M. & Bazhin, A. (1998). Life-histang strategies and the potential of sea urchins for aquaculture, Journal of Shellfish Research 17: 1515-1522.
Lawrence, J. M., Olave, S., Otaıza, R., Lawrence, A.L. & Buston, E. (1997). Enhancement of Gonad Production in the sea urchin Loxechinus albus in Chile Fed Extruded Feeds, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Vol. 28/1. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00966.x
Lawrence, J.M., Plank, L.R. & Lawrence, A.L. (2003). The effect of feedıng frequency on consumption of food absorption efficiency and gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus Comprative Bichemistry and Physiology Part A (134) 69-75.
Le Dreac’h, J.P. (1987) La péche des oursıns en Méditerranée:histor: gue,technigues,législotion ,production. In: Boudouresgue (Fled) Collogue internationd Sur Paracentrotus lividus efles oursins comestibles. Gis Pasidoine, Marseille, pp 335-362.
Meglitsch, P.A. (1967). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford Universty press. London Toronto. pp. 348.
Murillo-Navarro, R. & Jimenez-Guirado, D. (2012) Relationship between algal food and gut and gonad conditions in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lam.) Mediterranean Marine Science 13/2, 227-238. doi: 10.12681/mms.302
Neefs, Y. (1938). Remorques sur le cycle sexuel de l’oursin, Strongylocentrotus lividus, dans la région deoscoff. CR Academia Science Paris 206:775-777.
Pearce, C.M., Daggett, T.L. & Robinson, S.M.C. (2004). Effect of urchin size and diet on gonad yield and quality in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Aquaculture, 233: 337-367. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.027
Santos, R. & Flammang, S. (2005). Morphometry and mechanical design of tube foot stems in sea urchins: a comparative study. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 315 (2):211-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.09.016
Sellem, F. & Guillou, M. (2007). Reproductive biology of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in two contrasting habitats of northern Tunisia (south-east Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingtom 87, 763-767. doi: 10.1017/S002531540705521X
Spirlet, C., Grosjean, P. & Jangaux, M.. (1998). Reproductive cycle of echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: analysis by means of the maturity index Invertebrote Reproductian and Development, 34:1-69-81 Daleban, Philadelphia.
Watts, S.A., Boettger, S.A., McClintock, J.B. & Lawrence, J.M. (1998). Gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) fed prepared diets. Journal of the Shellfish Research 17: 1591-1595
Küçükdermenci, A., & Lök, A. (2016). Different methods practices on cycles of gonadosomatic and body indices of sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) from Muğla-Ören Site. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 33(4), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.4.08