Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation

Ayşe Tatma; Gökşen Çapar

doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01

EN TR

Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation

Abstract

Aquaculture sector is vulnerable to climate change, which has adverse impacts on water resources such as floods, droughts, sea level rise, water scarcity and water pollution. In this study, climate change awareness of freshwater aquaculture producers and associated potential risks are investigated for Türkiye. A survey was applied to 257 trout producing plants out of 1440 active plants in 25 river basins in 2020. The results implied that 79% of producers mentioned their awareness of the negative impacts of climate change, where water quantity and quality was reported as the highest impact that would threat fish health. In terms of extreme weather events, floods and drought were experienced by 40% and 35% of respondents, respectively. Temperature increase poses a threat for the plant owners and affects trout production. One-third of the producers had financial loss of €6500-30.000. There is water sharing problem for almost 40% of plants. Future concern on water allocation was higher than 70% and the rate of agricultural insurance was very low, i.e., 11%.

Keywords

Türkiye’de tatlı su balık yetiştiriciliği sektöründe iklim değişikliği farkındalığı ve potansiyel riskler: Ankete dayalı bir değerlendirme

Abstract

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörü, sel, kuraklık, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi, su kıtlığı ve su kirliliği gibi su kaynakları üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan iklim değişikliğine karşı kırılgandır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için tatlısularda balık yetiştiriciliği yapan üreticilerin iklim değişikliği farkındalığı ve ilişkili potansiyel riskler araştırılmıştır. 2020 yılında 25 nehir havzasında 1440 aktif alabalık üreten tesisten 257'sine anket uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, üreticilerin %79'unun iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileri konusunda farkındalıklarının olduğunu göstermiş, balık sağlığını tehdit edecek en yüksek etki su miktarı ve kalitesi olarak rapor edilmiştir. Aşırı hava olayları açısından, katılımcıların sırasıyla %40'ı sel ve %35'i kuraklık yaşamıştır. Sıcaklık artışının tesis sahipleri için bir tehdit oluşturduğu ve alabalık üretimini etkilediği belirtilmiştir. Üreticilerin üçte biri 6500-30.000 € arasında maddi kayıp yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Tesislerin yaklaşık %40'ında su paylaşımı sorunu vardır. Su tahsisinde gelecek kaygısı %70’in üzerinde çıkmış, tarım sigortası oranı ise %11 gibi çok düşük bir seviyede kalmıştır.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not required for this study. This study was conducted in 2019. The journal requests an ethical approval document for studies conducted as of 2020.

Thanks

Yazarlar, makalenin ingilizceye çevirisini gerçekleştiren Buse Uçar Islam'a teşekkür ederler.

References

Aktaş, Ö. (2014). Impacts of climate change on water resources in Turkey. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 13(4), 881-889. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.092
Anh, N.L. (2014). Climate proofing aquaculture: A case study on pangasius farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Print ISBN 978-94-6257-221-8) [Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University]. The Netherlands.
Borgwardt, F., Unfer, G., Auer, S., Waldner, K., El-Matbouli, M., & Bechter, T. (2020). Direct and indirect climate change impacts on brown trout in Central Europe: How thermal regimes reinforce physiological stress and support the emergence of diseases. Frontier Environmental Science, 8, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00059
Dikel, S. (2009). Effects of the water temperature on fish production. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 16(B), 42-49. ISSN: 1307-3311.
Demircan, M., Türkoğlu, N., & Çiçek, İ. (2017). Climate change: From model to sectoral applications (in Turkish with English abstract). In A. Ertek, İ. Çiçek, N. Türkoğlu, E. Yılmaz, & M. Süzer (Eds.), International Congress on the 75th Anniversary of Turkish Geographers Society, November 8-10, 2017 (pp. 572-585). Ankara, Türkiye: Proceedings Book.
Dubey, S.K., Trivedi, R. K., Chand, B.K., Mandal, B., & Rout, S. K. (2017). Farmers’ perceptions of climate change, impacts on freshwater aquaculture, and adaptation strategies in climatic change hotspots: A case of the Indian Sundarban delta. Environmental Development, 21, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.12.002
Engelhard, G.H., Howes, E.L., Pinnegar, J.K., & Le Quesne, W.J.F. (2022). Assessing the risk of climate change to aquaculture: A national-scale case study for the Sultanate of Oman. Climate Risk Management, 35, Article 100416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100416
European Council. (2024, October 28). Management of the EU’s fish stocks. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-fish-stocks/

FAO. (2010). Report of the joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on the risks and benefits of fish consumption (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 979). Wold Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/4/ba0136e/ba0136e00.pdf
FAO. (2018). Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture: Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 627). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9aeb8ade-a623-4954-8adf-204daae3b5de/content
FAO. (2020a). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action (The State of the World series). Rome, Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/170b89c1-7946-4f4d-914a-fc56e54769de/content
FAO. (2020b). FAO Yearbook: Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f138370c-cd94-4bfb-8767-34b7e952c9d6/content
Hoque, M.Z. (2021). Sustainability indicators for sustainably-farmed fish in Bangladesh. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.020
IPCC, (2021). Sixth Assessment Report Working Group I: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf
Kainge, P., Kirkman, S.P., Estevao, V., van der Lingen, C.D., Uanivi, U., Kathena, J.N., & van der Plas, A. (2020). Fisheries yields, climate change, and ecosystem-based management of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Environmental Development, 36, Article 100567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100567
Karvonen, A., Rintamaki, P., Jokela, J., & Valtonen, E.T. (2010). Increasing water temperature and disease risks in aquatic systems: Climate change increases the risk of some, but not all, diseases. International Journal for Parasitology, 40(13), 1483 1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.015
NASA. (2024, October 28). Climate change: How do we know? https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
OECD. (2022). Aquaculture production [Data]. https://data.oecd.org/fish/aquaculture-production.htm#indicator-chart
Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye. (2019, December 10). Regulation on Water Allocation. Issue 30974. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/D%C4%B0%C4%9EER%2002.01.2024/Su%20Tahsisleri%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20Y%C3%B6netmelik.pdf
MoAF. (2016a). The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources (ClimaHydro) Project. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Water Management. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/H%C4%B0E-Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Son/%C4%B0klim%20De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Finin%20Su%20Kaynaklar%C4%B1na%20Etkisi%20SYGM.pdf
MoAF. (2016b). Burdur River Basin Water Allocation Plan. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Water Management. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/burdur%20nhyp%20nihai%20rapor/BUN_NHYP%20Nihai%20Raporu.pdf
MoAF. (2020). Production Report: Aquaculture. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Development (TEPGE). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/Yay%C4%B1n%20Ar%C5%9Fivi/2017-2022%20Yay%C4%B1n%20Ar%C5%9Fivi/Yay%C4%B1nno317.pdf
MoAF. (2021). Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Veri%20ve%20D%C3%B6k%C3%BCmanlar%C4%B1/Su-Urunleri-%C4%B0statistikleri-temmuz-2021-1.pdf
MoAF. (2022). Climate change and agriculture workshops declaration of results. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Reform. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TRGM/Belgeler/IKLIM%20DEGISIKLIGI%20VE%20TARIM%20DEGERLENDIRME%20RAPORU.pdf
Sowman, M. (2020). Participatory and rapid vulnerability assessments to support adaptation planning in small-scale fishing communities of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Environmental Development, 36, Article 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100578
Sugama, K., & Radiarta, N. (2012). Brief study on possible impact of climate change on aquaculture in Indonesia. In APEC Seminar on Sharing the Experiences of Mitigating the Impact of Extreme Climate on Aquaculture and Fisheries, 21-23 March 2012 (pp. 120-126). Chinese Taipei, Taiwan: Proceedings Book. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275833186
Svobodová, Z., Lloyd, R., Máchová, J., & Vykusová, B. (1993). Water quality and fish health (EIFAC Technical Paper No. 54). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Tatma, A. (2020). Basin-based investigation of impacts of climate change on inland aquaculture in Turkey [Master’s Thesis, Ankara University]. Türkiye.
TURKSTAT. (2021a). Fishery Products, 2020. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252
TURKSTAT. (2021b). Export Statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/menu.zul
Westerling, A.L., Hidalgo, H.G., Cayan, D.R., & Swetnam, T.W. (2006). Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science, 313(5789), 940–943. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834
Williams, J.E., Isaak, D.J., Imhof, J., Hendrickson, D.A., & McMillan, J.R. (2015). Cold-water fishes and climate change in North America. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09505-1
World Bank. (2013). Fish to 2030: Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture (Agriculture and Environmental Services Discussion Paper No. 3). Washington D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/458631468152376668/Fish-to-2030-prospects-for-fisheries-and-aquaculture
WWF. (2016). Fishing for Proteins: How Marine Fisheries Impact Global Food Security up to 2050. A Global Prognosis. Hamburg, Germany: WWF Germany; International WWF Centre for Marine Conservation. https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/fishing-for-proteins-how-marine-fisheries-impact-global-food-security-up-to-2050
Zeitoun, M. (2011). The global web of national security. Global Policy, 2(3), 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00097.x

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Management (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşe Tatma
0000-0001-8106-1785
Türkiye

Gökşen Çapar ^*
0000-0002-4636-9343
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 8, 2025

Submission Date

October 29, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 42 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56SN58XW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Tatma, A., & Çapar, G. (2025). Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01

AMA

1.Tatma A, Çapar G. Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation. EgeJFAS. 2025;42(1):1-14. doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01

Chicago

Tatma, Ayşe, and Gökşen Çapar. 2025. “Climate Change Awareness and Potential Risks in Freshwater Aquaculture Sector in Türkiye: A Survey-Based Evaluation”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42 (1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01.

EndNote

Tatma A, Çapar G (March 1, 2025) Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42 1 1–14.

IEEE

[1]A. Tatma and G. Çapar, “Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation”, EgeJFAS, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 1–14, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01.

ISNAD

Tatma, Ayşe - Çapar, Gökşen. “Climate Change Awareness and Potential Risks in Freshwater Aquaculture Sector in Türkiye: A Survey-Based Evaluation”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42/1 (March 1, 2025): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01.

JAMA

1.Tatma A, Çapar G. Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation. EgeJFAS. 2025;42:1–14.

MLA

Tatma, Ayşe, and Gökşen Çapar. “Climate Change Awareness and Potential Risks in Freshwater Aquaculture Sector in Türkiye: A Survey-Based Evaluation”. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 42, no. 1, Mar. 2025, pp. 1-14, doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01.

Vancouver

1.Ayşe Tatma, Gökşen Çapar. Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation. EgeJFAS. 2025 Mar. 1;42(1):1-14. doi:10.12714/egejfas.42.1.01