Aflatoxin, bacterial and heavy metal load in Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two selected coldroom facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko; Rachael O. Kolawole; Olasunkanmi P. Olajide; Adeyinka O. Agbato

doi:10.12714/egejfas.40.3.07

EN TR

Aflatoxin, bacterial and heavy metal load in Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two selected coldroom facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Impurities found in fish have been a major cause of disease and illness to consumers. This study's objective was to evaluate the total aflatoxin, heavy metal and microbial load in two frozen fish: Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two (2) cold room facilities in Omu-Aran and Ilorin. Heavy metals, aflatoxin and microbial load were investigated using standard methods. Health risk was also determined using health risk index (HRI), daily intake of metals (DIM), and health quotient (HQ), and total toxicity of metals (TTM). Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn and Cr did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in both species from both locations. Nickel was lower than the recommended limit by World Health Organization (WHO). Level of Mn and Cr were higher in both species. Mn load was higher in the muscles of the sampled fish than in the gills from September through to November with highest value of 1.26±0.08 and 1.30±0.12 obtained for S. scombrus and C. harengus. Highest concentrations of all metals was observed in the gills except manganese and copper [Cd = 0.03 (S. scombrus), Cr = 1.22±0.13 (S. scombrus), Ni = 0.025±0.04 (S. scombrus), Pb = 0.06±0.02 (S. scombrus)]. HRI was > 1 in the different age groups for the different metals. TTM was > 1 in both species. Total aflatoxin level was higher in the gills (4.25 – 5) ppb than in the muscle (1.5 - 3) ppb for both locations respectively. Vibrio spp. and non-coliform bacteria were high in both species from both locations. The study concludes that heavy metal loads (Mn, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni) were more than the permitted limitations imposed by FAO, WHO and EU legislation for fish and fish products placing consumers at health risk.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

No specific ethical approval was necessary for this study as frozen fish were used

Thanks

The authors acknowledge the efforts of Professor O.B. Akpor of the Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria for his support, and guidance during the study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hydrobiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko ^*
0000-0002-4622-3950
Nigeria

Rachael O. Kolawole
0000-0002-5029-7530
Nigeria

Olasunkanmi P. Olajide
0000-0003-2195-6848
Nigeria

Adeyinka O. Agbato
0009-0002-5767-0745
Nigeria

Early Pub Date

September 6, 2023

Publication Date

September 15, 2023

Submission Date

March 7, 2023

Acceptance Date

August 13, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 40 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.3.07

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82XX35RR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Oghenochuko, O. M., Kolawole, R. O., Olajide, O. P., & Agbato, A. O. (2023). Aflatoxin, bacterial and heavy metal load in Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two selected coldroom facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40(3), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.3.07

Aflatoxin, bacterial and heavy metal load in Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two selected coldroom facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Aflatoxin, bacterial and heavy metal load in Scomber scombrus and Clupea harengus from two selected coldroom facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

Nijerya Kwara eyaletinde seçilmiş iki soğuk oda işletmesinde Scomber scombrus ve Clupea harengus’taki aflatoksin, bakteri ve ağır metal birikimi

Öz

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

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Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

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Cite