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Changes in the import dynamics of Atlantic mackerel and its economic implications for Türkiye in two last decades

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 64 - 69, 08.03.2025

Sevil Demirci

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.09

Abstract

The dynamics of Atlantic mackerel imports in Türkiye have undergone significant changes over the years. Initially, imports were predominantly sourced from high-cost suppliers such as Norway. However, rising costs prompted a shift toward more affordable alternative sources, including Morocco and Iceland. This diversification strategy reduced import costs, enabling lower consumer prices and decreased operational expenses for the aquaculture sector. Between 2005 and 2009, Türkiye’s annual average fresh mackerel imports were approximately 0.3 tons, dropping dramatically to just 0.1 tons annually between 2020 and 2024. In contrast, frozen mackerel imports increased significantly, with annual averages rising from 14,209 tons in 2005-2009 to 27,032 tons in 2020-2024. This shift reflects a transition in import preferences toward frozen products due to logistical and storage advantages, as well as the availability of lower-cost alternatives. Although the reduction in import prices has provided notable economic benefits for both consumers and the aquaculture industry, it has also raised concerns about quality and labeling. For instance, products imported from Morocco are often marketed as "Atlantic mackerel," and different species, such as chub mackerel, are sometimes mislabeled as mackerel. These practices pose a risk of misleading consumers and highlight the need for stricter quality control and accurate labeling. The diversification of import sources and the accompanying price reductions have created significant economic advantages for Türkiye. However, sustaining these benefits requires the implementation of robust quality standards, proper labeling practices, and consumer protection measures. Such actions will enhance market confidence and ensure the long-term sustainability of these economic gains.

Keywords

Atlantic mackerel import dynamics price reduction structural breakpoint

Ethical Statement

The study complies with academic integrity, with no plagiarism or data manipulation involved. Author has approved the submission, and there are no conflicts of interest. Additionally, the manuscript has not been submitted to or published in any other journal.

References

  • Abuhlega, T.A., & Ali, M.R. (2022). Biogenic amines in fish: Prevention and reduction. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(10), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16883
  • Al-Mahdawi, G.J., & Mehanna, S.F. (2010). Stock assessment of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) in the Yemeni coast of Red Sea, Al-Hodeidah region. Proceedings of the 3rd Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Conference, 220–230.
  • Anusha, R.J., Bencer, W.D., & Chandrasekar, K. (2021). Naturally occurring fish poisoning illness—An evidence-based review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(10), 140 146. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2021.1101019
  • Astthorsson, O.S., Valdimarsson, H., Gudmundsdottir, A., & Óskarsson, G.J. (2012). Climate-related variations in the occurrence and distribution of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Icelandic waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69(7), 1289 1297. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss084
  • Aswathy, N., Rajesh, K.M., Viswambharan, D., & Rohit, P. (2020). Benefit sharing in the value chain of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta in Karnataka: A policy perspective. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 67(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2019.67.1.91599-16
  • Bae, J.H., Yoon, S.H., & Lim, S.Y. (2011). Heavy metal contents and chemical compositions of Atlantic (Scomber scombrus), blue (Scomber australasicus), and chub (Scomber japonicus) mackerel muscles. Food Science and Biotechnology, 20, 709-714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-011-0100-z
  • Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659
  • Bedane, T.D., Agga, G.E., & Gutema, F.D. (2022). Hygienic assessment of fish handling practices along production and supply chain and its public health implications in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12, 13910. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17671-5
  • Bertheussen, B.A., Dreyer, B.M., & Evenseth, S. (2020). Performance differences between nations exploiting a common natural resource: The Icelandic–Norwegian mackerel case. Marine Policy, 122, 104269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104269
  • Derhy, G., Elkalay, K., Rincón, M.M., & Khalil, K. (2024). Stochastic surplus production and length-based assessment models to compare maximum sustainable yield advice for the Moroccan Atlantic chub mackerel. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1386541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1386541
  • Gottschalk, P. (2022). Fishing Rights Corruption. In Financial Crime Issues, Fraud Investigations and Social Control (pp. 79-101). Cham, Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11213-3_8
  • Hougaard, J.L., Jensen, F., & Smilgins, A. (2020). The Northeast Atlantic mackerel crisis. Strategic Behavior and the Environment, 8(2), 169-218. https://doi.org/10.1561/102.00000092
  • ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods). (2018). Microbiological hazards and their control. Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68460-4_1
  • Jayabalan, N., Zaki, S., Al-Kiyumi, F., Al-Khadrusi, L., & Al-Habsi, S. (2014). Age, growth and stock assessment of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) along the Sohar Coast of Oman. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 61(1), 1–6.
  • Kristófersson, D., Knútsson, Ö., & Gestsson, H. (2016). The effects of fisheries management on the Icelandic demersal fish value chain. Marine Policy, 63, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.015
  • Koçak, E. (2018). Investigation of off-shore tuna farming and legal limitations using a big scale fishing plant example. Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 7(2), 558 565. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443592
  • Kovacova-Hanuskova, E., Buday, T., Gavliakova, S., & Plevkova, J. (2015). Histamine, histamine intoxication and intolerance. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 43(5), 498 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.001
  • Madejska, A., Pawul-Gruba, M., & Osek, J. (2022). Histamine content in selected production stages of fish products. Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(4), 599-604.
  • Pekmezci, G.Z., Onuk, E.E., & Yardımcı, B. (2023). Ongoing data from presence of zoonotic Anisakis larvae in imported fish in Turkish supermarkets: Frozen Atlantic mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) and smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(2), 146 150. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1259143
  • Sagun, O.K., & Sayğı, H. (2021). Consumption of fishery products in Turkey's coastal regions. British Food Journal, 123(9), 3070-3084. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2020-0442
  • Schirone, M., Visciano, P., Tofalo, R., & Suzzi, G. (2017). Histamine food poisoning. In Y. Hattori, R. Seifert (Eds.), Histamine and histamine receptors in health and disease, 241, 217-235, Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_54
  • Shamsan, E.F., Al-Maqtari, M.A., & Noman, M.A. (2019). The effect of unstable freezing on nutritional value of fish (Indian mackerel—Rastrelliger kanagurta, Russel) from Yemen coastal waters. PSM Veterinary Research, 4(2), 40-48.
  • Techetach, M., Lozano-Bilbao, E., Rafiq, F., Kerkich, M., Ajana, R., Dahbi, A., Achtak, H., Benhamdoun, A., & Alonso-Fernández, A. (2024). Estimates of the fecundity of the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias (Gmelin, 1789) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Moroccan coasts. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 40, 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-024-00668-4
  • Totland, O. A. (2020). The mackerel war: How climate change impacts fishery negotiations and regimesl. Internasjonal Politikk, 78(2), 142–166. https://doi.org/10.23865/intpol.v78.1453
  • Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley.
  • Visciano, P., Schirone, M., Tofalo, R., & Suzzi, G. (2014). Histamine poisoning and control measures in fish and fishery products. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(500), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00500
  • Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9

Son yirmi yılda Atlantik uskumrusu’nun ithalat dinamiklerindeki değişimler ve Türkiye için ekonomik etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 64 - 69, 08.03.2025

Sevil Demirci

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.09

Abstract

Türkiye’de Atlantik uskumrusu ithalat dinamikleri yıllar içinde önemli değişiklikler geçirmiştir. Başlangıçta ithalat, ağırlıklı olarak yüksek fiyatlı Norveçli tedarikçilerden yapılırken, artan maliyetler daha uygun fiyatlı alternatif kaynaklara, özellikle Fas ve İzlanda’ya yönelimi teşvik etmiştir. Bu çeşitlendirme stratejisi, ithalat maliyetlerini düşürerek tüketici fiyatlarının azalmasına ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörünün operasyonel giderlerinin azalmasına imkân tanımıştır. 2005-2009 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin yıllık ortalama taze uskumru ithalatı yaklaşık 0,3 ton iken, 2020-2024 döneminde bu miktar yıllık ortalama sadece 0,1 tona kadar düşmüştür. Buna karşılık, dondurulmuş uskumru ithalatı önemli ölçüde artış göstermiş; yıllık ortalama ithalat miktarı 2005-2009 döneminde 14.209 ton iken, 2020-2024 yılları arasında 27.032 tona ulaşmıştır. Bu değişim, ithalat tercihlerinin, lojistik ve depolama avantajları ile daha düşük maliyetli alternatiflerin bulunabilirliği nedeniyle dondurulmuş ürünlere kaydığını göstermektedir. Her ne kadar ithalat fiyatlarındaki düşüş hem son tüketiciler hem de su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörü için önemli ekonomik faydalar sağlamış olsa da kalite ve etiketleme konularında bazı endişeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Örneğin, İzlanda ve Fas’tan ithal edilen ürünler sıklıkla “Norveç Uskumrusu” hatta bazen farklı türler yanlış etiketlenerek sunulmaktadır. Bu tür uygulamalar, son tüketicilerin yanıltılma riskini artırmakta ve daha sıkı kalite kontrolü ile doğru etiketleme ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, ithalat kaynaklarının çeşitlendirilmesi ve beraberinde gelen fiyat düşüşleri Türkiye için önemli ekonomik avantajlar yaratmıştır. Ancak, bu kazanımların sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için sağlam kalite standartlarının uygulanması, doğru etiketleme uygulamalarının benimsenmesi ve tüketici koruma önlemlerinin hayata geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu tür önlemler, piyasa güvenini artıracak ve söz konusu ekonomik kazanımların uzun vadede sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Atlantik uskumrusu ithalat dinamikleri fiyat düşüşü yapısal kırılma analizi

References

  • Abuhlega, T.A., & Ali, M.R. (2022). Biogenic amines in fish: Prevention and reduction. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(10), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16883
  • Al-Mahdawi, G.J., & Mehanna, S.F. (2010). Stock assessment of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) in the Yemeni coast of Red Sea, Al-Hodeidah region. Proceedings of the 3rd Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Conference, 220–230.
  • Anusha, R.J., Bencer, W.D., & Chandrasekar, K. (2021). Naturally occurring fish poisoning illness—An evidence-based review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(10), 140 146. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2021.1101019
  • Astthorsson, O.S., Valdimarsson, H., Gudmundsdottir, A., & Óskarsson, G.J. (2012). Climate-related variations in the occurrence and distribution of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Icelandic waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69(7), 1289 1297. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss084
  • Aswathy, N., Rajesh, K.M., Viswambharan, D., & Rohit, P. (2020). Benefit sharing in the value chain of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta in Karnataka: A policy perspective. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 67(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2019.67.1.91599-16
  • Bae, J.H., Yoon, S.H., & Lim, S.Y. (2011). Heavy metal contents and chemical compositions of Atlantic (Scomber scombrus), blue (Scomber australasicus), and chub (Scomber japonicus) mackerel muscles. Food Science and Biotechnology, 20, 709-714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-011-0100-z
  • Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659
  • Bedane, T.D., Agga, G.E., & Gutema, F.D. (2022). Hygienic assessment of fish handling practices along production and supply chain and its public health implications in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12, 13910. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17671-5
  • Bertheussen, B.A., Dreyer, B.M., & Evenseth, S. (2020). Performance differences between nations exploiting a common natural resource: The Icelandic–Norwegian mackerel case. Marine Policy, 122, 104269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104269
  • Derhy, G., Elkalay, K., Rincón, M.M., & Khalil, K. (2024). Stochastic surplus production and length-based assessment models to compare maximum sustainable yield advice for the Moroccan Atlantic chub mackerel. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1386541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1386541
  • Gottschalk, P. (2022). Fishing Rights Corruption. In Financial Crime Issues, Fraud Investigations and Social Control (pp. 79-101). Cham, Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11213-3_8
  • Hougaard, J.L., Jensen, F., & Smilgins, A. (2020). The Northeast Atlantic mackerel crisis. Strategic Behavior and the Environment, 8(2), 169-218. https://doi.org/10.1561/102.00000092
  • ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods). (2018). Microbiological hazards and their control. Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68460-4_1
  • Jayabalan, N., Zaki, S., Al-Kiyumi, F., Al-Khadrusi, L., & Al-Habsi, S. (2014). Age, growth and stock assessment of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) along the Sohar Coast of Oman. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 61(1), 1–6.
  • Kristófersson, D., Knútsson, Ö., & Gestsson, H. (2016). The effects of fisheries management on the Icelandic demersal fish value chain. Marine Policy, 63, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.015
  • Koçak, E. (2018). Investigation of off-shore tuna farming and legal limitations using a big scale fishing plant example. Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 7(2), 558 565. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443592
  • Kovacova-Hanuskova, E., Buday, T., Gavliakova, S., & Plevkova, J. (2015). Histamine, histamine intoxication and intolerance. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 43(5), 498 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.001
  • Madejska, A., Pawul-Gruba, M., & Osek, J. (2022). Histamine content in selected production stages of fish products. Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(4), 599-604.
  • Pekmezci, G.Z., Onuk, E.E., & Yardımcı, B. (2023). Ongoing data from presence of zoonotic Anisakis larvae in imported fish in Turkish supermarkets: Frozen Atlantic mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) and smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(2), 146 150. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1259143
  • Sagun, O.K., & Sayğı, H. (2021). Consumption of fishery products in Turkey's coastal regions. British Food Journal, 123(9), 3070-3084. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2020-0442
  • Schirone, M., Visciano, P., Tofalo, R., & Suzzi, G. (2017). Histamine food poisoning. In Y. Hattori, R. Seifert (Eds.), Histamine and histamine receptors in health and disease, 241, 217-235, Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_54
  • Shamsan, E.F., Al-Maqtari, M.A., & Noman, M.A. (2019). The effect of unstable freezing on nutritional value of fish (Indian mackerel—Rastrelliger kanagurta, Russel) from Yemen coastal waters. PSM Veterinary Research, 4(2), 40-48.
  • Techetach, M., Lozano-Bilbao, E., Rafiq, F., Kerkich, M., Ajana, R., Dahbi, A., Achtak, H., Benhamdoun, A., & Alonso-Fernández, A. (2024). Estimates of the fecundity of the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias (Gmelin, 1789) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Moroccan coasts. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 40, 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-024-00668-4
  • Totland, O. A. (2020). The mackerel war: How climate change impacts fishery negotiations and regimesl. Internasjonal Politikk, 78(2), 142–166. https://doi.org/10.23865/intpol.v78.1453
  • Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley.
  • Visciano, P., Schirone, M., Tofalo, R., & Suzzi, G. (2014). Histamine poisoning and control measures in fish and fishery products. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(500), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00500
  • Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fisheries Development, Fisheries Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sevil Demirci 0000-0003-4229-6236

Publication Date March 8, 2025
Submission Date January 13, 2025
Acceptance Date February 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 42 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demirci, S. (2025). Changes in the import dynamics of Atlantic mackerel and its economic implications for Türkiye in two last decades. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(1), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.42.1.09