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Some biological peculiarities of thornback ray, Raja clavata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the northeast Mediterranean

Year 2008, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 221 - 228, 01.09.2008

Hacer Yeldan Dursun Avşar Meltem Manaşırlı

Abstract

This study was performed to identify the biological peculiarities of thornback, collected using deep trawl from the Northeast Mediterranean between 1999 and 2003. It was determined that 90 individuals were composed of 58.88% males and 41.12 % females; while the lengths ranged from 29.30-64.60 cm, weight varied between of 110.00-1120.00 g and age composition changed from I to VIII. The total length-weight relationship were W=0.0034*L3.1003 and von Bertalanffy’s growth constant in length and weight were also estimated as L∞=79.66 cm, K=0.133 year-1, t0=-3.03 year and W∞=2666.20 g. In addition, it was identified that the exploitation rate is E=0.54 year-1. Therefore, it was estimated that fishing on the thornback stock, and this species stomachs contained mainly Crustacea. 

Keywords

Thornback Ray (Raja clavata) von Bertalanffy’s growth constants mortality rates stomach contains

References

  • Aasen, O. 1963. Length and Growth of the Porbeagle (Lamna nasus Bonnaterre 1788) in the North West Atlantic. Report of the Norwegian Fisheries Marine Investigations 13, 20-37.
  • Akşıray, F. 1987. The identification key of Turkish marinefishes (in Turkish). Türkiye Deniz Balıkları Tayin Anahtarı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü yay. No: 3490, II. Baskı, Kardeşler Basımevi, İstanbul, 811s.
  • Avşar, D. 1998. Stomach Content of Thornback Ray (Raja (Raja) clavata L. 1758) From The Turkish Black Sea Coast (in Turkish). XIV Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi 7-10 Eylül 1998, SAMSUN. Cilt II, 139-151.
  • Avşar, D. 2005. Fishery Biology and Population Dynamics (in Turkish). Ç. Ü. Su Ürün. Fak. Ders Kitabı No:5. Nobel Kitapevi, Adana. 332 s.
  • Ajayi. T.O. 1982. Food and Feeding Habits of Raja Species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, Bristol Channel. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. Printed in Great Britain. 62, 215-223.
  • Başusta, N. 1997. Pelagic and Demersal Fish Species in İskenderun Bay. PhD Thesis University of Cukurova, (in Turkish). Doktora Tezi. 203 s.
  • Başusta, N., Ü, Erdem. 2000. A Preliminary Study from Iskenderun Bay Fish (in Turkish). TÜBİTAK. Turk. J. Zool 24. 1-19.
  • von BERTALANFFY, L. 1938. A quantitative Theory of Organic Growth, Hum. Biol, Vol: 10, 181-213.
  • Beverton, R.J.H., S.J, Holt. 1957. On The Dynamics of Exploited Fish Population. Fish. Invest. Minist. Agric. Fish. Food. G.B (2 sea fish) (ser. 2), 19: 533.
  • Bingel, F. 1985. Balık Populasyonlarının İncelenmesi. İ. Ü. Rektörlüğü Su Ürünleri Yüksekokulu Sapanca Balık Üretim ve Islah Merkezi. Yay. No. 10; İstanbul. 133s.
  • Bingel, F. 2002. Balık Populasyonlarının İncelenmesi Temel Konular ve Uygulama Örnekleri Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri Enstitüsü Deniz Biyolojisi ve Balıkçılık Anabilim Dalı.Yay No: 26; Baki Kitapevi, Adana, 404s.
  • Brander, K., D. Palmer. 1985. Growth Rate of Raja clavata in the Northeast Irish Sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 42: 125-128.
  • Caillet, G.M, L. K, Martin, D. Kusher, P. Wolf, B. A. Welden. 1982. Techniques for enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranchs. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, pp. 157–165.
  • Caillet, G.M., L.J. Natanson, B.A. Welden, D.A. Ebert. 1985. Preliminary Studies on the Age and Growth of the White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias, Using Vertebral Bands. Memoirs Southern California Academy of Sciences 9, 49-60.
  • Caillet, G.M., R. L. Radtke, B. A. Welden. 1986. Elasmobranch Age Determination and Verification: A Review. Indo-Pacific Fish Biolgy Proceeding of Second International Conference Indo-Pacific Fish. Japan. Tokyo, 345-360.
  • Demirhan, A., S. Engin, K. Seyhan, E. Akamca. 2005. Some Biological Aspects of Thornback Ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) in Southeastern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5:75-83.
  • Düzgüneş, E., N. S. Başpınar, H. Emiral, S. Kutlu, M. Tanrıverdi. 1999. Doğu Karadeniz’deki Deniz Tilkisi (Raja clavata L., 1758)’nin Bazı Populasyon Parametreleri Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma. X. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, Adana. 430-439.
  • Erkoyuncu, İ., O. Samsun. 1988. Karadeniz’deki Dikenli Vatoz (Raja clavata L. 1758) balıklarının bazı morfolojik Özellikleri ile Et Kalitesi ve Karaciğer Ağırlıkları arasındaki ilişiklerin araştırılması. Ege Üniv. Su Ürünleri Yüksek Okulu Su Ürünleri Dergisi Vol.5, 19-20
  • Ebelig, E. 1988. A brief survey of the feeding prefences of Raja clavata in red Wharf Bay in the Irish Sea. ICES, Demersel Fish Commitee. 58: 1-5.
  • Erdem, Y., S. Özdemir, Ç. Sümer. 2001. Vatoz (Raja clavata) Balığının Mide İçeriği Üzerine Bir Araştırma. XI. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu. 351- 359.
  • Fischer, W. 1973. FAO Species Idendtification Sheets for Fishery Purposes, Mediterranean and Black Sea, (W. FISCHER editör). Fishing Area 37 Volume II: FAO of the Un Rome, 1530p.
  • Fischer, W., M. –L.Bauchot Et M. Schnıder (RE’DACTEURS). 1987a. Fishes FAO d’identification des espe’ces pour lesw besoins de la pe’che. (Re’vision 1). Me’diterrane e et mer Noir. Zone de pe’che 37. Vol. I. Ve’ge’taux et inverte’bre’s. Publication pre’pare’e par la FAO, re’sultat du’n accord entra la FAO et la Commission des Communaute’s Europe’ennes (project GCP/INT/422/EEC) finance’e conjointement par ces deux organizations. Rome, FAO, Vol.1. 760p.
  • Fischer, W., M. –L.Bauchot Et M. Schnıder (RE’DACTEURS). 1987b. Fishes FAO d’identification des espe’ces pour lesw besoins de la pe’che. (Re’vision 1). Me’diterrane e et mer Noir. Zone de pe’che 37. Vol. I. Ve’ge’taux et inverte’bre’s. Publication pre’pare’e par la FAO, re’sultat du’n accord entra la FAO et la Commission des Communaute’s Europe’ennes (project GCP/INT/422/EEC) finance’e conjointement par ces deux organizations. Rome, FAO, Vol.2: 761-1530.
  • Filiz, H., S. Mater. 2002. A Preliminary Study on Length-Weight Relationships for Seven Elasmobranch Species from North Aegean Sea, Turkey. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi Cilt 19, Sayı (3-4): 401-409.
  • Holden, M.J. 1972. The Growth Rates of Raja brachyura, Raja clavata and Raja montagui as Determined from Tagging Data. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 34 No: 2, Copenhague. 161-168.
  • Holden, M.J., D. F. S. Raitt.(Eds.).1974. Manual of Fisheries Science. Part 2- Methods of Recource Investigation and their Application. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. (115). Rev. 1: 214p.
  • Hynes, N.B.H. 1950. The Food of Fresh-Water Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), with a Review of Methods Used in Studies of the Food of Fishes. J. Anim. Ecol. 19, 36-58.
  • Kabasakal, H. 1994. Kıkırdaklı Balıkların (Gnathostomata: Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Yaş tayininde Kullanılan Omurların Büyüme Çizgilerini Belirginleştirmek İçin Teknikler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 1-2. 145-157.
  • Kusher, D.I., S. E. Smith, G. E. Cailliet. 1992. Validated Age and Growth of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata, with Comments on Reproduction. Environmental Biology of Fishes 35: 187-203.
  • Mater, S., M. Kaya, M. Bilecenoglu. 2005. Marine Fishes of Turkey-I. Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes). Türkiye Deniz Balıkları-1 Kıkırdaklı Balıklar (Chondrichthyes) (in Turkish). Ege University Publ. Fisheries Faculty Publ. N:72, Bornova 34p.
  • Morato, T., E. Sola, M. P. Gros, G. Menezas. 2003. Diets of Thornback Ray (Raja clavata) and Tope Shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in Bottom Longline Fishery of the Azores, Northeastern Atlantic, Fish Bull, No: 101, 590- 602p.
  • Murduchay-Boltouskı, F.D. 1969. Detection of Black Sea and Azov Sea Fauna. (Volyaniski, V. A.,ed.). Vol. 3. Noukova Dumka, Kiev, 536p.
  • Nottage, A.S., E.J. Perkıns. 1980. observations on the General Biology of the Thornback Ray (Raja clavata L.) in the Solway Firth 2. Cumbria Sea Fisheries. Comm. Sci. Rep. 80/4. J.
  • Nottage, A.S., E.J. Perkıns. 1983. Growth and Maturation of Roker Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. J. Fish Biol. 23, 43-48.
  • Pinkas, L., M.S. Olıphant, I. L. K. Iverson. 1971. Food Habits of Albacore, Blue Fin Tuna and Bonito in Californian Waters. Fish. Bull. Calif. 152: 1- 105.
  • Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board.Can. (191): 382p.
  • Ryland, J.S., T. O. Ajayı. 1984. Growth and Population Dynamics of Three Raja Species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, British Isles. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 41: 111-120.
  • Sparre, P., S. C. Venema. 1992. Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. Part 1. Manual, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306. 1. Rev. 1. Rome, FAO, 376p.
  • Steven, G.A., 1934. Observations on the Growth of the Claspers and Cloaca in Raja clavata Linnaeus. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., 19: 887-899.
  • Stevens, J.D. 1975. Vertabral Rings as a Means of Age Determination in the Blue Shark (Prionace qlauca L. ). J.Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 55: 657-665.
  • Tortonese, E. 1975. Osteichthyes (pesci Ossei). Fauna d’Italia. Ed. Calderini Bologna. 636p.
  • Urist, M.R. 1961. Calcium and Phosphorus in the Blood and Skeleton of Elasmobranchs. Endocrinology, 69: 778-801.
  • Ursin, E. 1967. A Mathematical Model of Same Aspects of Fish Growth, Respiration and Mortality. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull. No 90: 141- 147.
  • Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of British Isles and North Western Europe. Michigan State University Pres, Michigan, 530p.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986a. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 1. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 510p.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986b. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 2. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 517-1007.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986c. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 3. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 1015-1473.
  • Whittamore, J.M., I. D. McCarthy. 2005. The population biology of the thornback ray,Raja clavata in Caernarfon Bay, northWales. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2005), 85, 1089-1094.
  • Windell, J.T., S. H. Bowen.1978. Methods for The Study of Fish Diets Based on Analysis of Stomach contents. In Methods for the Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. 3rd edn. (T. Bagnel ed. ). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 219-226.
  • Yeldan, H., D. Avşar. 2007. Length–weight relationship for five elasmobranch species from the Cilician Basin shelf waters (Northeastern Mediterranean) Volume 23 Issue 6 , Pages 627-714.
  • Yığın, C., A. İsmen. 2008.Length–weight relationships for seven rays from Saros Bay (North Aegean Sea). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 1–3.

Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’deki Deniz Tilkisi Raja clavata (Linnaeus, 1758)’nın Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri

Year 2008, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 221 - 228, 01.09.2008

Hacer Yeldan Dursun Avşar Meltem Manaşırlı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1999-2003 yılları arasında dip trolü avcılığından elde edilen Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’deki Deniz Tilkisi (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758)’nin bazı biyolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelenen 90 adet bireylerin % 58,88’inin erkek, % 41,12’sinin ise dişilerden oluştuğu saptanmış olup; incelenen balık boylarının boy ölçüm değerlerinin minimum 29,30 cm ve maksimum 64,60 cm arasında değişirken; ağırlık değerlerinin 110,00-1120,00 g kadar değişim gösterdiği ve yaş gruplarının I. ile VIII. yaşlar arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisinin W= 0,0034*L3.1003 ve von Bertalanffy Boyca ve Ağırlıkça büyüme sabitlerinin L∞= 79,66 cm, K= 0,133 yıl-1, t0= -2,70 yıl ve W∞= 2666,20 gr olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca stoktan yararlanma oranının E= 0,54 yıl-1 olduğu; böylece bölge deniz tilkilerinin avcılık baskısının oluşmaya başladığı ve buna ek olarak bu türün mide içeriğinin temel bileşenini kabukluların oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir

Keywords

Deniz Tilkisi (Raja clavata) von Bertalanffy büyüme sabitleri ölüm oranları mide içeriği

References

  • Aasen, O. 1963. Length and Growth of the Porbeagle (Lamna nasus Bonnaterre 1788) in the North West Atlantic. Report of the Norwegian Fisheries Marine Investigations 13, 20-37.
  • Akşıray, F. 1987. The identification key of Turkish marinefishes (in Turkish). Türkiye Deniz Balıkları Tayin Anahtarı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü yay. No: 3490, II. Baskı, Kardeşler Basımevi, İstanbul, 811s.
  • Avşar, D. 1998. Stomach Content of Thornback Ray (Raja (Raja) clavata L. 1758) From The Turkish Black Sea Coast (in Turkish). XIV Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi 7-10 Eylül 1998, SAMSUN. Cilt II, 139-151.
  • Avşar, D. 2005. Fishery Biology and Population Dynamics (in Turkish). Ç. Ü. Su Ürün. Fak. Ders Kitabı No:5. Nobel Kitapevi, Adana. 332 s.
  • Ajayi. T.O. 1982. Food and Feeding Habits of Raja Species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, Bristol Channel. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. Printed in Great Britain. 62, 215-223.
  • Başusta, N. 1997. Pelagic and Demersal Fish Species in İskenderun Bay. PhD Thesis University of Cukurova, (in Turkish). Doktora Tezi. 203 s.
  • Başusta, N., Ü, Erdem. 2000. A Preliminary Study from Iskenderun Bay Fish (in Turkish). TÜBİTAK. Turk. J. Zool 24. 1-19.
  • von BERTALANFFY, L. 1938. A quantitative Theory of Organic Growth, Hum. Biol, Vol: 10, 181-213.
  • Beverton, R.J.H., S.J, Holt. 1957. On The Dynamics of Exploited Fish Population. Fish. Invest. Minist. Agric. Fish. Food. G.B (2 sea fish) (ser. 2), 19: 533.
  • Bingel, F. 1985. Balık Populasyonlarının İncelenmesi. İ. Ü. Rektörlüğü Su Ürünleri Yüksekokulu Sapanca Balık Üretim ve Islah Merkezi. Yay. No. 10; İstanbul. 133s.
  • Bingel, F. 2002. Balık Populasyonlarının İncelenmesi Temel Konular ve Uygulama Örnekleri Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri Enstitüsü Deniz Biyolojisi ve Balıkçılık Anabilim Dalı.Yay No: 26; Baki Kitapevi, Adana, 404s.
  • Brander, K., D. Palmer. 1985. Growth Rate of Raja clavata in the Northeast Irish Sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 42: 125-128.
  • Caillet, G.M, L. K, Martin, D. Kusher, P. Wolf, B. A. Welden. 1982. Techniques for enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranchs. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, pp. 157–165.
  • Caillet, G.M., L.J. Natanson, B.A. Welden, D.A. Ebert. 1985. Preliminary Studies on the Age and Growth of the White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias, Using Vertebral Bands. Memoirs Southern California Academy of Sciences 9, 49-60.
  • Caillet, G.M., R. L. Radtke, B. A. Welden. 1986. Elasmobranch Age Determination and Verification: A Review. Indo-Pacific Fish Biolgy Proceeding of Second International Conference Indo-Pacific Fish. Japan. Tokyo, 345-360.
  • Demirhan, A., S. Engin, K. Seyhan, E. Akamca. 2005. Some Biological Aspects of Thornback Ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) in Southeastern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5:75-83.
  • Düzgüneş, E., N. S. Başpınar, H. Emiral, S. Kutlu, M. Tanrıverdi. 1999. Doğu Karadeniz’deki Deniz Tilkisi (Raja clavata L., 1758)’nin Bazı Populasyon Parametreleri Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma. X. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, Adana. 430-439.
  • Erkoyuncu, İ., O. Samsun. 1988. Karadeniz’deki Dikenli Vatoz (Raja clavata L. 1758) balıklarının bazı morfolojik Özellikleri ile Et Kalitesi ve Karaciğer Ağırlıkları arasındaki ilişiklerin araştırılması. Ege Üniv. Su Ürünleri Yüksek Okulu Su Ürünleri Dergisi Vol.5, 19-20
  • Ebelig, E. 1988. A brief survey of the feeding prefences of Raja clavata in red Wharf Bay in the Irish Sea. ICES, Demersel Fish Commitee. 58: 1-5.
  • Erdem, Y., S. Özdemir, Ç. Sümer. 2001. Vatoz (Raja clavata) Balığının Mide İçeriği Üzerine Bir Araştırma. XI. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu. 351- 359.
  • Fischer, W. 1973. FAO Species Idendtification Sheets for Fishery Purposes, Mediterranean and Black Sea, (W. FISCHER editör). Fishing Area 37 Volume II: FAO of the Un Rome, 1530p.
  • Fischer, W., M. –L.Bauchot Et M. Schnıder (RE’DACTEURS). 1987a. Fishes FAO d’identification des espe’ces pour lesw besoins de la pe’che. (Re’vision 1). Me’diterrane e et mer Noir. Zone de pe’che 37. Vol. I. Ve’ge’taux et inverte’bre’s. Publication pre’pare’e par la FAO, re’sultat du’n accord entra la FAO et la Commission des Communaute’s Europe’ennes (project GCP/INT/422/EEC) finance’e conjointement par ces deux organizations. Rome, FAO, Vol.1. 760p.
  • Fischer, W., M. –L.Bauchot Et M. Schnıder (RE’DACTEURS). 1987b. Fishes FAO d’identification des espe’ces pour lesw besoins de la pe’che. (Re’vision 1). Me’diterrane e et mer Noir. Zone de pe’che 37. Vol. I. Ve’ge’taux et inverte’bre’s. Publication pre’pare’e par la FAO, re’sultat du’n accord entra la FAO et la Commission des Communaute’s Europe’ennes (project GCP/INT/422/EEC) finance’e conjointement par ces deux organizations. Rome, FAO, Vol.2: 761-1530.
  • Filiz, H., S. Mater. 2002. A Preliminary Study on Length-Weight Relationships for Seven Elasmobranch Species from North Aegean Sea, Turkey. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi Cilt 19, Sayı (3-4): 401-409.
  • Holden, M.J. 1972. The Growth Rates of Raja brachyura, Raja clavata and Raja montagui as Determined from Tagging Data. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 34 No: 2, Copenhague. 161-168.
  • Holden, M.J., D. F. S. Raitt.(Eds.).1974. Manual of Fisheries Science. Part 2- Methods of Recource Investigation and their Application. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. (115). Rev. 1: 214p.
  • Hynes, N.B.H. 1950. The Food of Fresh-Water Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), with a Review of Methods Used in Studies of the Food of Fishes. J. Anim. Ecol. 19, 36-58.
  • Kabasakal, H. 1994. Kıkırdaklı Balıkların (Gnathostomata: Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Yaş tayininde Kullanılan Omurların Büyüme Çizgilerini Belirginleştirmek İçin Teknikler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 1-2. 145-157.
  • Kusher, D.I., S. E. Smith, G. E. Cailliet. 1992. Validated Age and Growth of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata, with Comments on Reproduction. Environmental Biology of Fishes 35: 187-203.
  • Mater, S., M. Kaya, M. Bilecenoglu. 2005. Marine Fishes of Turkey-I. Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes). Türkiye Deniz Balıkları-1 Kıkırdaklı Balıklar (Chondrichthyes) (in Turkish). Ege University Publ. Fisheries Faculty Publ. N:72, Bornova 34p.
  • Morato, T., E. Sola, M. P. Gros, G. Menezas. 2003. Diets of Thornback Ray (Raja clavata) and Tope Shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in Bottom Longline Fishery of the Azores, Northeastern Atlantic, Fish Bull, No: 101, 590- 602p.
  • Murduchay-Boltouskı, F.D. 1969. Detection of Black Sea and Azov Sea Fauna. (Volyaniski, V. A.,ed.). Vol. 3. Noukova Dumka, Kiev, 536p.
  • Nottage, A.S., E.J. Perkıns. 1980. observations on the General Biology of the Thornback Ray (Raja clavata L.) in the Solway Firth 2. Cumbria Sea Fisheries. Comm. Sci. Rep. 80/4. J.
  • Nottage, A.S., E.J. Perkıns. 1983. Growth and Maturation of Roker Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. J. Fish Biol. 23, 43-48.
  • Pinkas, L., M.S. Olıphant, I. L. K. Iverson. 1971. Food Habits of Albacore, Blue Fin Tuna and Bonito in Californian Waters. Fish. Bull. Calif. 152: 1- 105.
  • Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board.Can. (191): 382p.
  • Ryland, J.S., T. O. Ajayı. 1984. Growth and Population Dynamics of Three Raja Species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, British Isles. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 41: 111-120.
  • Sparre, P., S. C. Venema. 1992. Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. Part 1. Manual, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306. 1. Rev. 1. Rome, FAO, 376p.
  • Steven, G.A., 1934. Observations on the Growth of the Claspers and Cloaca in Raja clavata Linnaeus. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., 19: 887-899.
  • Stevens, J.D. 1975. Vertabral Rings as a Means of Age Determination in the Blue Shark (Prionace qlauca L. ). J.Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 55: 657-665.
  • Tortonese, E. 1975. Osteichthyes (pesci Ossei). Fauna d’Italia. Ed. Calderini Bologna. 636p.
  • Urist, M.R. 1961. Calcium and Phosphorus in the Blood and Skeleton of Elasmobranchs. Endocrinology, 69: 778-801.
  • Ursin, E. 1967. A Mathematical Model of Same Aspects of Fish Growth, Respiration and Mortality. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull. No 90: 141- 147.
  • Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of British Isles and North Western Europe. Michigan State University Pres, Michigan, 530p.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986a. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 1. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 510p.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986b. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 2. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 517-1007.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, , J.-C. Hureau., J. Nielsen , E. Tortonese. 1986c. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 3. Richard Clay Ltd, U.K., 1015-1473.
  • Whittamore, J.M., I. D. McCarthy. 2005. The population biology of the thornback ray,Raja clavata in Caernarfon Bay, northWales. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2005), 85, 1089-1094.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hacer Yeldan

Dursun Avşar

Meltem Manaşırlı

Publication Date September 1, 2008
Submission Date December 7, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yeldan, H., Avşar, D., & Manaşırlı, M. (2008). Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’deki Deniz Tilkisi Raja clavata (Linnaeus, 1758)’nın Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 25(3), 221-228.