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Yeşilırmak Nehri’ndeki Sucul Diptera (Insecta) larvalarının dağılımı ve ekolojik özellikleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt 37, Sayı 4, 397 - 407, 15.12.2020

Özge BAŞÖREN Nilgün KAZANCI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.4.11

Öz


Yeşilırmak Nehri, Türkiye’nin en önemli nehirlerinden biridir. Ancak nehrin su kalitesi tarımsal ve evsel kirlilikten etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca, barajlar ve hidroelektrik santralleri de nehrin habitat kalitesini ve biyoçeşitliliğini tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmayla, Yeşilırmak Nehri ve kollarındaki Diptera komunitesi belirlenmiş, Su Çerçeve Direktifi (SÇD)’nin Sistem Ave B sınıflandırmasına göre çalışılan istasyonların ekolojileri tespit edilmiş, fizikokimyasal değişkenler (su sıcaklığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, çözünmüş oksijen, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) ve bazı metrikler (bolluk, taksa sayısı, Simpson Çeşitlilik İndeksi, Shannon-Wiener Çeşitlilik İndeksi, Margalef Çeşitlilik İndeksi) kullanılarak istasyonların su kaliteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yeşilırmak Nehri ve kollarında, Haziran 2010 tarihinde otuz üç (33) istasyon örneklenmiş, bu istasyonlardan 20 tanesinde Diptera bireylerine rastlanmıştır. Bu 20 örnekleme istasyonundan Diptera takımına ait 16 taksa, 12 familya, 2445 birey tanımlanmıştır. İstasyonların su kaliteleri, fizikokimyasal değişkenlere göre III. Sınıf (orta kirli) ve IV. Sınıf (çok kirli) olarak belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diptera, fizikokimyasal değişkenler, su kirliliği, su kalitesi, Yeşilırmak Nehri

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P.H. & Courtney, G.W. (2019). Ecological and societal services of aquatic Diptera. Insects, 10(3), 70. DOI:10.3390/insects10030070
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  • Akay, E. & Dalkıran, N. (2019). Assessing biological water quality of Yalakdere stream (Yalova, Turkey) with benthic macroinvertebrate-based metrics. Biologia, 1–17. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00387-9
  • Anonymous. (2015). Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete, pp. 1–30.
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  • AQEM Consortium. (2002). Manual for the application of the AQEM system. A comprehensive method to assess European streams using benthic macroinvertebrates, developed for the purpose of the Water Framework Directive.
  • AQEM Consortium. (2006). The AQEM river assessment program ASTERICS: A calculation program designed to assess the Ecological Quality of stream types in European countries based on macroinvertebrate taxa lists.
  • Armitage, P.D., Pinder, L.C. & Cranston, P.S. (1995). The Chironomidae : Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Springer Netherlands. DOI:10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0
  • Arslan, N., Kökçü, C.A. & Mercan, D. (2016). Aquatic Oligochaetes Biodiversity in Turkey: Example of Lake Sapanca with Application of the Biotic Indices. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Enginering and Biological Sciences, 3(1), 27–31. DOI:10.15242/IJACEBS.AE0216131
  • Arslan, N., Salur, A., Kalyoncu, H., Mercan, D., Barışık, B. & Odabaşı, D.A. (2016). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Küçük Menderes River (Turkey), 71(1), 49–57. DOI:10.1515/biolog-2016-0005
  • Başören, Ö. & Kazancı, N. (2016). Water quality assessment of Fırtına Stream (Rize, Turkey) by using various macroinvertebrate based metrics and physicochemical variables. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 1–16.
  • Bolat, H.A., Kazanci, N., Basoren, O. & Türkmen, G. (2016). Aquatic Diptera (Insecta) fauna of streams in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and their relationship with water quality. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 47–72.
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Distribution of Aquatic Diptera larvae of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) and ecological characteristics

Yıl 2020, Cilt 37, Sayı 4, 397 - 407, 15.12.2020

Özge BAŞÖREN Nilgün KAZANCI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.4.11

Öz


Yeşilırmak River is one of the most important running waters of Turkey, but the water quality of this river has been affected by agricultural and domestic pollution. Dams and hydroelectric power plants also threaten the habitat quality and biodiversity of the river. This research contains investigation of Diptera fauna in Yeşilırmak River and tributaries, determination ecological characteristics of the collecting sites according to System A and System B Classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD), assessment of water quality of the studied sites by measuring the physicochemical variables (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and using some metrics (abundance, number of taxa, Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, Evenness). Thirty-three (33) sites were sampled from Yeşilırmak River and its tributaries in June 2010. Diptera individuals were detected in 20 of them. Two thousand four hundred forty-five (2445) individuals belonging to 12 families and 16 taxa were identified in 20 sampling sites. The water quality classes of the studied sites were Class III (moderate pollution) and Class IV (heavily pollution) according to values of physicochemical variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diptera, physicochemical variables, water pollution, water quality, Yeşilırmak River

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P.H. & Courtney, G.W. (2019). Ecological and societal services of aquatic Diptera. Insects, 10(3), 70. DOI:10.3390/insects10030070
  • Adriaenssens, V., Simons, F., Nguyen, L.T.H., Goddeeris, B., Goethals, P.L.M. & De Pauw, N. (2004). Potential of bio-indication of chironomid communities for assessment of running water quality in Flanders (Belgium). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 134(1), 31–40.
  • Akay, E. & Dalkıran, N. (2019). Assessing biological water quality of Yalakdere stream (Yalova, Turkey) with benthic macroinvertebrate-based metrics. Biologia, 1–17. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00387-9
  • Anonymous. (2015). Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete, pp. 1–30.
  • Anonymous. (2016). Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete, pp. 134–149.
  • AQEM Consortium. (2002). Manual for the application of the AQEM system. A comprehensive method to assess European streams using benthic macroinvertebrates, developed for the purpose of the Water Framework Directive.
  • AQEM Consortium. (2006). The AQEM river assessment program ASTERICS: A calculation program designed to assess the Ecological Quality of stream types in European countries based on macroinvertebrate taxa lists.
  • Armitage, P.D., Pinder, L.C. & Cranston, P.S. (1995). The Chironomidae : Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Springer Netherlands. DOI:10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0
  • Arslan, N., Kökçü, C.A. & Mercan, D. (2016). Aquatic Oligochaetes Biodiversity in Turkey: Example of Lake Sapanca with Application of the Biotic Indices. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Enginering and Biological Sciences, 3(1), 27–31. DOI:10.15242/IJACEBS.AE0216131
  • Arslan, N., Salur, A., Kalyoncu, H., Mercan, D., Barışık, B. & Odabaşı, D.A. (2016). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Küçük Menderes River (Turkey), 71(1), 49–57. DOI:10.1515/biolog-2016-0005
  • Başören, Ö. & Kazancı, N. (2016). Water quality assessment of Fırtına Stream (Rize, Turkey) by using various macroinvertebrate based metrics and physicochemical variables. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 1–16.
  • Bolat, H.A., Kazanci, N., Basoren, O. & Türkmen, G. (2016). Aquatic Diptera (Insecta) fauna of streams in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and their relationship with water quality. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 47–72.
  • Bouchard, R.W.J. (2004). Diptera (Aquatic & Semiaquatic True Flies). In Guide to aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Upper Midwest (pp. 159–183). Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota.
  • Bulankova, E. (2003). Communities of diptera (excl. Chironomidae and Simuliidae) of the Gidra River basin. Acta Zoologica, 45, 85–94.
  • Buss, D.F., Carlisle, D.M., Chon, T.S., Culp, J., Harding, J.S., Keizer-Vlek, H.E., … Hughes, R.M. (2015). Stream biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates around the globe: a comparison of large-scale programs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(4132), 1–21. DOI:10.1007/s10661-014-4132-8
  • Car, M., Mohrig, W., Moog, O., Oosterbroek, P., Reusch, H., Wagner, R. & Zwick, P. (1995). Diptera (except Chironomidae) (authors depending on family). In O. Moog (Ed.), Fauna Aquatica Austriaca (1995th, 2002nd ed., p. 98). Wien: Wasserwirtschaftskataster, Bundesministerium für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft.
  • Council of European Communities. (2000). Water Framework Directive (WFD) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities (Vol. L327).
  • Courtney, G.W. & Merritt, R.W. (2008). Aquatic Diptera. In R. W. Merritt, K. . Cummins, & M. B. Berg (Eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (pp. 687–722). Dubuque, Iowa, US: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyoloji, Ekoloji, Limnoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özge BAŞÖREN> (Sorumlu Yazar)
HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0003-3424-6423
Türkiye

Nilgün KAZANCI>
HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0002-2554-7999
Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi
Proje Numarası 07 01 601 005
Teşekkür This research was supported by Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project title: “Constitution of biotic index for long-term biomonitoring of water quality for Yeşilırmak River by using benthic macroinvertebrates”, Project leader: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı and Project no: 07 01 601 005).
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2020
Yayınlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020, Cilt 37, Sayı 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Başören, Ö. & Kazancı, N. (2020). Distribution of Aquatic Diptera larvae of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) and ecological characteristics . Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 37 (4) , 397-407 . DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.37.4.11