Comparison of reproductive performance of Black Sea salmon broodstock (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) reaching first sexual maturity at different ages

Osman Tolga Özel; Eyüp Çakmak; Ekrem Cem Çankırılıgil; Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş; Recayi Çimagil; Esin Batır

doi:10.12714/egejfas.40.3.02

EN TR

Comparison of reproductive performance of Black Sea salmon broodstock (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) reaching first sexual maturity at different ages

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the individual first maturation age diversity in hatchery-originated F6 generation of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) broodstock created by applying for a selective breeding program. Research was carried out in freshwater ponds and marine net cage systems between 2018-2021. In the study, 136, 87 and 3 individuals from the broodstocks that reached the first sexual maturity at the age of 22, 34 and 46 months were used, respectively. Total egg production, relative egg production, egg diameter and fertilization rates were determined at the first stripping of broodstock that reached sexual maturity at different ages. The first gonadal development controls and stripping studies were carried out in the period of 2018-2019 for 22 months old broodstock, 2019-2020 for 34 months old and 2020-2021 for 46 months old. Total fecundity of 22, 34 and 46 months old broodstocks that were stripped, were calculated at 1108.98±40.73, 3869.02±138.43 and 5899.52±1143.78 egg/kg broodstock, relative fecundity was 3024.87±87.52, 2291.90±89.52 and 1816.00±284.51 egg/kg broodstock, egg diameters were 4.40±0.01, 5.07±0.02 and 5.35±0.09 mm and fertilization rates were determined as 92.21±0.87%, 95.69±1.65% and 89.83±2.77%, respectively. The condition factor values of the rootstocks were determined as 1.05±0.02 (22 months old), 1.09±0.01 (34 months old) and 1.08±0.03 (46 months old). In the broodstock, individuals with a first maturation age of 22 months have predominantly red spots with a white halo around the perimeter, silvery coloration with black spots at 34 months of age, and silvery coloration with black spots at 46 months of age were detected. While enterprises that reared Black Sea salmon in freshwater and have restaurants prefer the red-spotted river ecotype for production, enterprises that produce in marine net cages prefer the black-spotted-silver-colored marine ecotype, whose body coloration is similar to Atlantic salmon.

Keywords

Farklı yaşlarda ilk cinsel olgunluğa ulaşan Karadeniz somonu (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) anaçlarının üreme performansının karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, seçici ıslah programı uygulanarak oluşturulan kuluçkahane kökenli F6 nesil Karadeniz somonu (Salmo labrax) anaçlarında bireysel ilk üreme yaşı çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 2018-2021 tarihleri arasında tatlısu havuzlarında ve deniz ağ kafes sistemlerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 22, 34 ve 46 aylık yaşta iken ilk cinsel olgunluğa ulaşan anaçlardan136, 87 ve 3 adet birey sırası ile kullanılmıştır. Farklı yaşlarda cinsel olgunluğa ulaşan anaçların ilk sağımlarındaki toplam yumurta verimi, nispi yumurta verimi, yumurta çapı ve döllenme oranları belirlenmiştir. İlk gonad gelişim kontrolleri ve sağım çalışmaları 22 aylık anaçlarda 2018-2019, 34 aylıklarda 2019-2020, 46 aylıklarda ise 2020-2021 döneminde yapılmıştır. Sağımı gerçekleştirilen 22, 34 ve 46 aylık anaçların sırasıyla toplam yumurta verimleri 1108,98±40,73, 3869,02±138,43 ve 5899,52±1143,78 adet/anaç, nispi yumurta verimleri 3024,87±87,52, 2291,90±89,52 ve 1816,00±284,51 adet/kg anaç, yumurta çapları 4,40±0,01, 5,07±0,02 ve 5,35±0,09 mm ve döllenme oranları ise %92,21±0,87, %95,69±1,65 ve %89,83±2,77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anaçların kondisyon faktörü değerleri 1,05±0,02 (22 aylık), 1,09±0,01 (34 aylık) ve 1,08±0,03 (46 aylık) olarak saptanmıştır. 22 aylık iken ilk üremeye ulaşan anaçlarda vücut çevresi beyaz haleli kırmızı benekler, 34 aylıklarda siyah benekli gümüşi renklenme, 46 aylıklarda ise tamamen siyah benekli gümüşi renklenme tespit edilmiştir. Tatlı suda Karadeniz somonu yetiştiren ve restoranı olan işletmeler üretim için kırmızı benekli dere ekotipini tercih ederken, denizde ağ kafeslerde üretim yapan işletmeler ise vücut renklenmesi Atlantik somonuna benzeyen siyah benekli-gümüşi renkli deniz ekotipini tercih etmektedir. Karadeniz somonu yetiştiren işletmelerde daha geç yaşta cinsel olgunluğa ulaşan bireylerden damızlık stok oluşturması, büyük boy balık üretiminde hasada kadar birçok avantaj sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

TAGEM

References

Barach, G.P. (1962). Chernomorskaya kumzha (losos’-forel’) (The Black Sea trout (Salmon-Trout)), Tbilisi: Izd. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR
Behnke, R.J. (1968). A new subgenus and species of trout Salmo (Platysalmo) platycephalus, from south-central Turkey with comments on the classification of the subfamily Salmoninae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Museum und Institut, 66, 1–15.
Bromage, N., Hardiman, P., Jones, J., Springate, J., & Bye, V. (1990). Fecundity, egg size and total egg volume differences in 12 stocks of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson. Aquaculture Research, 21(3), 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1990.tb00465.x
Bromage, N., Jones, J., Randall, C., Thrush, M., Davies, B., Springate, J., Duston, J., & Barker, G. (1992). Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100(1-3), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90355-O
Çakmak, E., Aksungur, N., Firidin, Ş., Akbulut, B., Başçınar, N.S., Çavdar, Y., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z., Ergün, H., Savaş, H., Üstündağ, E., Alkan, A., Aksungur, M., Zengin, B., Serdar, S., Fidan, D., Özkan, B., Erteken, A. (2011). Bringing Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) to the private sector. Project final report. (TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2006/09/03/02). Trabzon-2011/2, 157 pp. (in Turkish)
Çakmak, E., Firidin, Ş., Düzgüneş, Z. D., & Parlak, R. (2019). The age-dependent reproductive performance of 4th generation Black Sea Trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) Females. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 19(6), 496-502. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v19_6_05
Çakmak, E., Firidin, Ş., Aksungur, N., Çavdar, Y., Kurtoğlu, İ., Aksungur, M., Özel, O.T, Çankırılıgil, E. C., Düzgüneş, Z., & Batır, E. (2022). Improving the Reproductive Yield of Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) with a Selective Breeding Program. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(3), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221079847
Dorofeeva, E.A. (2002). The Genus Thymallus. Atlas of Freshwater Fish of Russia, 163-169.

Estay, F.J., Noriega, R., Ureta, J. P., Martin, W., & Colihueque, N. (2004). Reproductive performance of cultured brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Chile. Aquaculture Research, 35(5), 447 452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01036.x
Frost, W. E., Brown, M. E., & Varley, M. E. (1967). The trout (Vol. 21). London Collins. 286 pp.
Geldiay, R., & Balik, S. (1996). Freshwater Fishes of Türkiye, Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Publication No: 46. Course Book. Ege University Publications, Bornova, Izmir. (in Turkish)
Gjerde, B. (1984). Response to individual selection for age at sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 38(3), 229 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90147-9
Günther, A. (1866). Family 9. Galaxiidae. Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum. 6, 208- 213. (London: British Museum).
Healey, M.C., & Heard, W.R. (1984). Inter- and Intra-population variation in the fecundity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and its relevance to life history theory. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(3), 476-483. https://doi.org/10.1139/f84-057
Heinimaa, S., & Heinimaa, P. (2003). Effect of the female size on egg quality and fecundity of the wild Atlantic salmon in the sub-arctic River Teno. Boreal Environment Research. 9 (1), 55.
Hopkins, C.L. (1970). Some aspects of the bionomic fish in the brown trout nursery stream. Fisheries Research Bulletin of New Zealand, 4, (1)-38.
Horton P.A. (1961). The bionomics of brown trout in a Dartmoor stream. Journal of Animal Ecology, 30(2), 311-338. https://doi.org/10.2307/2301
Kocabaş, M. (2009). Comparison of growth performance and morphologic characteristics of brown trout (Salmo trutta) ecotypes of Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis. (in Turkish)
Kottelat, M., & Freyhof, J. (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes, Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp.
Lelek. A. (1980). Threatened freshwater fishes of Europe. Council of Europe. Strasbourg. 269 pp.
MacDowal, R.M. (1978). New Zealand Freshwater Fishes-A Guide and Natural History. Heinemann Educational Books (NZ), Auckland, New Zealand.
MacGregor, J.S. (1957). Fecundity of the Pacific sardine (Sardenops caerula). US Fish and Wild Service. Fisheries Bulletin. 121:427-449.
Makhrov, A.A., Artamonova, V.S., Sumarokov, V.S., Pashkov, A.N., Reshetnikov, S.I., Ganchenko, M.V., & Kulyan, S.A. (2011). Variation in the timing of spawning of the black sea brown trout Salmo trutta labrax Pallas under artificial and natural conditions. Biology Bulletin, 38(2), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359011020075
Moyle, P.B. (1976). Inland Fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Needham, P.R., Mo¡ert J.W., & Slater A.W. (1945). Fluctuations in wild brown trout populations in Convict Creek, California. Journal of Wildlife Management, 9, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.2307/3795940
Nikandrov, V.Y., & Shindavina, N.I. (2007). Characteristics of the hatchery-reared Black Sea salmon Salmo trutta labrax. Journal of Ichthyology, 47(2), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945207020063
Oswald, R.L. (1978). Injection anaesthesia for experimental studies in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 60(1), 19 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306 4492(78)90021-7
Salihoğlu, H.,Başçınar, N., Akhan, S., Sonay, F.D., Sayıl, E., Melek, H., Bayçelebi, H., Kuloğlu, T., Kara, F., & Sırtkaya, N. (2013) Establishment of Broodstock Management System and Application of Biotechnological Techniques in Trout Farms of Eastern Black Sea Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Research and Development Supports, Project Final Report, TAGEM/10/R&D/18, Trabzon, 113 pp. (in Turkish).
Serezli, R., Guzel, S., & Kocabas, M. (2010). Fecundity and egg size of three salmonid species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo labrax, Salvelinus fontinalis) cultured at the same farm condition in North-Eastern, Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(3), 576-580. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.576.580
Slastenenko, E. (1956). The fishes of Black Sea Region. Meat and Fish Association General Directorate Publications, İstanbul, 711 pp.
Solomon, D.J. (2000). The biology and status of the Black Sea salmon, Salmo trutta labrax, EU TACIS BSEP, Black Sea Salmon Project, Draft report, 26 pp.
Svetovidov, A.N. (1984). Salmonidae. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.–L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Unesco, Paris, 1, 373–385 pp.
Tabak, İ., Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Yılmaz, C., Aksungur, N., Alkan, A., Zengin, B., & Mısır, M. (2001). Investigation of Bio-Ecological Characteristics and Culture Opportunities of Black Sea Trout. Central Fisheries Research Institute, TAGEM/HAYSUD/98/12/01/007 Project Final Report, Trabzon. 207 pp. (in Turkish)
Thomas, J.D. (1964). Study on the growth of trout, Salmo trutta from four contrasting habitats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 142, 459-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1964.tb04510.x
Von Bayer, H. (1910). Paper presented before the Fourth International Fishery Congress held at Washington, U. S. A.
Zama, A., & Cardenas, E. (1983). Some biological observations of wild brown trout, (Salmo trutta) in the Aysen and Salto rivers, Southern Chile. Servicio Nacional de Pesca, Ministerio de Economia Fomento Y Reconstrucción, Republica De Chile. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), pp.35.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pisciculture

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Osman Tolga Özel
0000-0002-5414-6975
Türkiye

Eyüp Çakmak ^*
0000-0003-3075-9862
Türkiye

Ekrem Cem Çankırılıgil
0000-0001-5898-4469
Türkiye

Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş
0000-0001-6243-4101
Türkiye

Recayi Çimagil
0000-0002-6046-0477
Türkiye

Esin Batır
0000-0001-6623-1379
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 3, 2023

Publication Date

September 15, 2023

Submission Date

February 3, 2023

Acceptance Date

June 21, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 40 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.3.02

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA38ZH82ZX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özel, O. T., Çakmak, E., Çankırılıgil, E. C., Düzgüneş, Z. D., Çimagil, R., & Batır, E. (2023). Comparison of reproductive performance of Black Sea salmon broodstock (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) reaching first sexual maturity at different ages. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40(3), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.3.02