Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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Kültür koşullarında yetiştirilen Avrupa deniz levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) iskelet deformasyonları

Year 2016, Volume 33, Issue 4, 373 - 379, 25.11.2016

Deniz Çoban Cüneyt Suzer Şükrü Yıldırım Şahin SAKA M. Kürşat FIRAT

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.4.11

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yetiştiriciliği yoğun olarak yapılan Avrupa deniz levreklerinin (Dicentrarchus labrax) kültür koşullarında, erken dönemlerinde (0-42 DAH) notokorda bükülmesine bağlı olarak meydana gelen kemik ve kıkırdak yapı deformasyonları incelenmiştir. Kemik ve kıkırdak yapıda meydana gelen deformasyonların tespiti için 836 levrek larvası ikili boyama yöntemi kullanılarak, Alcian mavisi ve Alizarin kırmızısı ile boyanmıştır. Yumurtadan yeni çıkmış levrek larvasının ortalama toplam boyu 3,46±0,02 mm, olarak belirlenmiş, larval dönemin sonunda ortalama 18,58±0,1 mm olarak tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen 836 adet larva içinde, 270 adet deforme larva ve bu larvalarda toplam 1256 adet deformasyon tespit edilmiştir. İskelet deformasyonu oranı %32 olarak belirlenmiştir. Levrek larvalarında en fazla karşılaşılan deformasyon omurga malformasyonu olmuş (%21,3) bunu omur erimesi (%18,6) ve lordosis (%12,7) takip etmiştir. Bu çalışmada en fazla deformasyon notokorda bükülmesi sonrasında (%52,1) tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Dicentrarchus labrax, iskelet deformasyonu, larval yetiştiricilik, levrek, alcian mavisi, alizarin kırmızısı

References

  • Ahlstrom, E. H. (1974). The diverse patterns of metamorphosis in gonostomatid fishes an aid to classification. In The Early Life History of Fish. Ed. by J. H. S. Blaxter. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 659-674
  • Andrades, J.A., Becerra, J. & Fernández-Lebrez, P. (1996) Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultures gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture, 141: 1–11. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01226-5
  • Aulstad, D. & Kittelsen, A. (1971) Abnormal Body Curvatures of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Inbred Fry. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26: 1918–1920. doi: 10.1139/f71-290
  • Backiel, T., Kokurewicz, B. & Ogorzalek, A. (1984). High incidence of skeletal anomalies in carp, Cyprinus carpio, reared in cages in flowing water. Aquaculture, 43: 369–380. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(84)90245-X
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F. & Cataudella, S. (1993). Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In: Barnabe, G., Kestemont, P. Eds., Production, Environment and Quality. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication no. 18, pp. 189–204, Ghent, Belgium
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Fusari, A., Ferreri, A., Finoja, M.G., Cataudella, S. (1995). Skeletal anomalies in Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles selected for functional swimbladder. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 201: 163-169
  • Boglione, C., Gagliardi, F., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2001). Skeletal descriptors and quality assessment in larvae and post-larvae of wild-caught and hatchery-reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758). Aquaculture, 192: 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00446-4
  • Boglione, C., Costa, C., Di Dato, P., Ferzini, G., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2003). Skeletal quality assessment of reared and wild sharpsnout sea bream and pandora juveniles. Aquaculture, 227: 373-394.
  • Boglione, C., Gisbert, E., Gavaia, P., Witten, P.E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Koumoundouros, G. (2013). Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors. Rev. Aquac. 5: 121–167. doi: 10.1111/raq.12016
  • Cahu, C. L., Zambonino Infante, J. L. & Takeushi, T. (2003). Nutritional components affecting skeletal development in fish larvae. Aquaculture 227: 245–258. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00507-6
  • Chatain, B. (1994). Abnormal swimbladder development and lordosis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 119: 371– 379. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90301-8
  • Çoban, D., Suzer, C., Kamacı, H.O., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2009). Early osteological development of the fins in the hatcheryreared red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (L. 1758). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25: 26-32.
  • Çoban, D., Suzer, C., Kamacı, H.O., Yıldırım, Ş., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2010). Sivriburun karagöz (Diplodus puntazzo) larvalarında omurga ve kaudal yüzgecin osteolojik gelişimi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 57: 119-124
  • Dabrowski, K., El-Fiki, N., Kock, G., Frig,g M. & Wieser, W. (1990). Requirement and utilization of ascorbic acid and ascorbic sulfate in juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Aquaculture, 91: 317– 337. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90197-U
  • Daoulas, Ch., Economou, A.N. & Bantavas, I. (1991). Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 97: 169-180.
  • Furuichi, M., Furusho, Y., Matsui, S. & Kitajima, C. (1997). Essentiality of mineral mixture supplement to white fish meal diet for tiger puffer. Journal Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 42, 77– 85
  • Gapasin, R.S.J. & Duray, M.N. (2001). Effects of DHA-enriched live food on growth, survival and incidence of opercular deformities in milkfish (Chanos chanos). Aquaculture, 193: 49–63. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00469-5
  • Fowler, L.A., 1970, Control of vertebral number in teleosts an embryological problem. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 45: 148– 167. doi: 10.1086/406492
  • Gavaia, P.J., Dinis, M.T. & Cancela, M.L. (2002). Osteological development and abnormalities of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton in larval and juvenile stages of hatchery-reared Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 211: 305–323. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00167-9
  • Geurden, I., Marion, D., Charlon, N., Coutteau, P. & Bergot, P. (1998). Comparison of different soybean phospholipid fractions as dietary supplements for common carp, Cyprinus carpio, larvae. Aquaculture, 161: 225–235.doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00272-X
  • Gluckmann, I., Huraiaux, F., Focant, B. & Vandewalle, P. (1999). Postembryonic development of the cephalic skeleton in Dicentrarchus labrax (pisces, Perciformes, Serranidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 65:11-36.
  • Hattori, M., Sawada, Y., Takagi, Y., Suzuki, R., Okada, T. & Kumai, H. (2003). Vertebral deformities in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major, Temminck and Schlegel. Aquaculture Research, 34: 1129–1137.
  • Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S., Tobayashi, T., Takae, M., Iwashita, T. & Uehara, R. (1983). Necessity of dietary phospholipids for growth of larval Ayu. Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University, 32: 115–120.
  • Kihara, M., Ogata, S., Kawano, N., Kubota, I. & Yamaguchi, R. (2002). Lordosis induction in juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major, by high swimming activity. Aquaculture, 212 (1–4): 149–158. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00871-7
  • Kingsford, M.J., Suthers, I.M. & Gray, C.A. (1996). Exposure to sewage plumes and the incidence of deformities in larval fishes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 33: 201–212. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00166-X
  • Koumoundouros, G., Gagliardi, F., Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Cataudella, S. & Kentouri, M. (1997a). Normal and abnormal osteological development of caudal fin in Sparus aurata L fry. Aquaculture, 149: 215–226. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01443-3
  • Koumoundouros, G., Oran, G., Divanach, P., Stefanakis, S. & Kentouri, M. (1997b). The opercular complex deformity in intensive gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L larviculture. Moment of apparition and description. Aquaculture 156: 165–177. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)89294-0
  • Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. & Kentouri, M. (2001). The effect of rearing conditions on development of saddleback syndrome and caudal fin deformities in Dentex dentex L. Aquaculture, 200: 285–304. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)89294-0
  • Koumoundouros, G., Maingot, E., Divanach, P. & Kentouri, M. (2002) Kyphosis in reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): ontogeny and effects on mortality. Aquaculture, 209: 49–58. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00821-3
  • Langdon, J.S. (1987). Spinal curvatures and an encephalotropic myxosporean, Triangula percae sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Ortholineidae), enzootic in redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases, 10: 425–434.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01093.x
  • Lemly, A.D. (1993). Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of the freshwater fish. Ecotoxical and Environmental Safety, 26:181-204.
  • Lom, J., Pike, A. & Dykova, I. (1991). Myxobolus sandrae, Reuss, 1906, the agent of vertebral column deformities of perch Perca fluviatilis in Northeast Scotland. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 12: 49–53.
  • Mahajan, C.L. & Agrawal, N.K. (1980). Nutritional requirement of ascorbic acid by Indian major carp, Cirrhina mrigala, during early growth. Aquaculture, 19: 37–48.doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(80)90005-8
  • Marino, G., Boglione, C., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F. & Cataudella, S. (1993). Observations on development and anomalies in the appendicular skeleton of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. 1758, larvae and juveniles. Aquaculture Research, 24: 445–456. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00568.x
  • Matsuoka, M. (1987). Development of skeletal tissue and skeletal muscle in the Red sea bream, Pagrus major. Jpanese Journal of Ichthyology, 65: (65), 1–114.
  • Paperna, I. (1978). Swimbladder and skeletal deformaties in hatchery bred Sparus aurata. Journal of Fish Biology, 12:109-114.
  • Pohl, C. (1990). Skeletal deformities and trace metal contents of European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, in the Elbe Estuary. Meeresforschung, 33: 76–89.
  • Potthoff, T., Kelley, S., Moe, M., Young, F. (1984). Description of porkfish larvae (Anisotremus virginicus, Haemulidae) and their osteological development. Bulletin Marine Science, 34: 21–59.
  • Sfakianakis, D.G., Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. & Kentoui, M., 2004, Osteological development of the vertebral column and of the fins in Pagellus erythrinus. Temperature effect on the developmental plasticity and morpho-anatomical abnormalities. Aquaculture, 232: 407–424. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.08.014
  • Soliman, A. K., Jauncey, K. & Roberts, R. J. (1986). The effect of varying forms of dietary ascorbic acid on the nutrition of juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 52, 1 –10.doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(86)90101-8
  • Potthoff, T. (1983). Ontogeny and systematics of fisheries. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetogists. Special publication, 1: 223-229.
  • Treasurer, J. (1992) Vertebrae anomalies associated with Myxobolus sp. in perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in a Scottish loch. Bulletin of European Associaton Fish Pathology, 12:61-63.

Skeletal deformities in hatchery reared European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Year 2016, Volume 33, Issue 4, 373 - 379, 25.11.2016

Deniz Çoban Cüneyt Suzer Şükrü Yıldırım Şahin SAKA M. Kürşat FIRAT

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.4.11

Abstract

In this study, skeletal deformities were investigated during early life stages according to notochord flexion in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae under intensive culture conditions. In order to detect the skeletal deformities, total 836 larvae were stained by Alcian blue and Alizarin Red S. Total length of Newly hatched larvae length were 3.46±0.02 mm and end of the study it was 18.58±0.1 mm. Totally, 836 specimens were examined during the experiment but 1256 deformities were recorded in 270 deformed larvae. Also, skeletal deformity rate was calculated as 32% at the end of the study. Most viewed skeletal deformities were recorded as vertebral malformations (21.3%) and followed by vertebral fusion (18.6%) and lordosis (12.7). The highest amount of skeletal deformity was determined after notochord flexion stage (52.1%) in the study.

Keywords

Dicentrarchus labrax, skeletal deformities, larval rearing, European sea bass, alcian blue, alizarin red

References

  • Ahlstrom, E. H. (1974). The diverse patterns of metamorphosis in gonostomatid fishes an aid to classification. In The Early Life History of Fish. Ed. by J. H. S. Blaxter. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 659-674
  • Andrades, J.A., Becerra, J. & Fernández-Lebrez, P. (1996) Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultures gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture, 141: 1–11. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01226-5
  • Aulstad, D. & Kittelsen, A. (1971) Abnormal Body Curvatures of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Inbred Fry. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26: 1918–1920. doi: 10.1139/f71-290
  • Backiel, T., Kokurewicz, B. & Ogorzalek, A. (1984). High incidence of skeletal anomalies in carp, Cyprinus carpio, reared in cages in flowing water. Aquaculture, 43: 369–380. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(84)90245-X
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F. & Cataudella, S. (1993). Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In: Barnabe, G., Kestemont, P. Eds., Production, Environment and Quality. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication no. 18, pp. 189–204, Ghent, Belgium
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Fusari, A., Ferreri, A., Finoja, M.G., Cataudella, S. (1995). Skeletal anomalies in Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles selected for functional swimbladder. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 201: 163-169
  • Boglione, C., Gagliardi, F., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2001). Skeletal descriptors and quality assessment in larvae and post-larvae of wild-caught and hatchery-reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758). Aquaculture, 192: 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00446-4
  • Boglione, C., Costa, C., Di Dato, P., Ferzini, G., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2003). Skeletal quality assessment of reared and wild sharpsnout sea bream and pandora juveniles. Aquaculture, 227: 373-394.
  • Boglione, C., Gisbert, E., Gavaia, P., Witten, P.E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Koumoundouros, G. (2013). Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors. Rev. Aquac. 5: 121–167. doi: 10.1111/raq.12016
  • Cahu, C. L., Zambonino Infante, J. L. & Takeushi, T. (2003). Nutritional components affecting skeletal development in fish larvae. Aquaculture 227: 245–258. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00507-6
  • Chatain, B. (1994). Abnormal swimbladder development and lordosis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 119: 371– 379. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90301-8
  • Çoban, D., Suzer, C., Kamacı, H.O., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2009). Early osteological development of the fins in the hatcheryreared red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (L. 1758). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25: 26-32.
  • Çoban, D., Suzer, C., Kamacı, H.O., Yıldırım, Ş., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2010). Sivriburun karagöz (Diplodus puntazzo) larvalarında omurga ve kaudal yüzgecin osteolojik gelişimi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 57: 119-124
  • Dabrowski, K., El-Fiki, N., Kock, G., Frig,g M. & Wieser, W. (1990). Requirement and utilization of ascorbic acid and ascorbic sulfate in juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Aquaculture, 91: 317– 337. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90197-U
  • Daoulas, Ch., Economou, A.N. & Bantavas, I. (1991). Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 97: 169-180.
  • Furuichi, M., Furusho, Y., Matsui, S. & Kitajima, C. (1997). Essentiality of mineral mixture supplement to white fish meal diet for tiger puffer. Journal Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 42, 77– 85
  • Gapasin, R.S.J. & Duray, M.N. (2001). Effects of DHA-enriched live food on growth, survival and incidence of opercular deformities in milkfish (Chanos chanos). Aquaculture, 193: 49–63. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00469-5
  • Fowler, L.A., 1970, Control of vertebral number in teleosts an embryological problem. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 45: 148– 167. doi: 10.1086/406492
  • Gavaia, P.J., Dinis, M.T. & Cancela, M.L. (2002). Osteological development and abnormalities of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton in larval and juvenile stages of hatchery-reared Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 211: 305–323. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00167-9
  • Geurden, I., Marion, D., Charlon, N., Coutteau, P. & Bergot, P. (1998). Comparison of different soybean phospholipid fractions as dietary supplements for common carp, Cyprinus carpio, larvae. Aquaculture, 161: 225–235.doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00272-X
  • Gluckmann, I., Huraiaux, F., Focant, B. & Vandewalle, P. (1999). Postembryonic development of the cephalic skeleton in Dicentrarchus labrax (pisces, Perciformes, Serranidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 65:11-36.
  • Hattori, M., Sawada, Y., Takagi, Y., Suzuki, R., Okada, T. & Kumai, H. (2003). Vertebral deformities in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major, Temminck and Schlegel. Aquaculture Research, 34: 1129–1137.
  • Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S., Tobayashi, T., Takae, M., Iwashita, T. & Uehara, R. (1983). Necessity of dietary phospholipids for growth of larval Ayu. Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University, 32: 115–120.
  • Kihara, M., Ogata, S., Kawano, N., Kubota, I. & Yamaguchi, R. (2002). Lordosis induction in juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major, by high swimming activity. Aquaculture, 212 (1–4): 149–158. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00871-7
  • Kingsford, M.J., Suthers, I.M. & Gray, C.A. (1996). Exposure to sewage plumes and the incidence of deformities in larval fishes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 33: 201–212. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00166-X
  • Koumoundouros, G., Gagliardi, F., Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Cataudella, S. & Kentouri, M. (1997a). Normal and abnormal osteological development of caudal fin in Sparus aurata L fry. Aquaculture, 149: 215–226. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01443-3
  • Koumoundouros, G., Oran, G., Divanach, P., Stefanakis, S. & Kentouri, M. (1997b). The opercular complex deformity in intensive gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L larviculture. Moment of apparition and description. Aquaculture 156: 165–177. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)89294-0
  • Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. & Kentouri, M. (2001). The effect of rearing conditions on development of saddleback syndrome and caudal fin deformities in Dentex dentex L. Aquaculture, 200: 285–304. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)89294-0
  • Koumoundouros, G., Maingot, E., Divanach, P. & Kentouri, M. (2002) Kyphosis in reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): ontogeny and effects on mortality. Aquaculture, 209: 49–58. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00821-3
  • Langdon, J.S. (1987). Spinal curvatures and an encephalotropic myxosporean, Triangula percae sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Ortholineidae), enzootic in redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases, 10: 425–434.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01093.x
  • Lemly, A.D. (1993). Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of the freshwater fish. Ecotoxical and Environmental Safety, 26:181-204.
  • Lom, J., Pike, A. & Dykova, I. (1991). Myxobolus sandrae, Reuss, 1906, the agent of vertebral column deformities of perch Perca fluviatilis in Northeast Scotland. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 12: 49–53.
  • Mahajan, C.L. & Agrawal, N.K. (1980). Nutritional requirement of ascorbic acid by Indian major carp, Cirrhina mrigala, during early growth. Aquaculture, 19: 37–48.doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(80)90005-8
  • Marino, G., Boglione, C., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F. & Cataudella, S. (1993). Observations on development and anomalies in the appendicular skeleton of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. 1758, larvae and juveniles. Aquaculture Research, 24: 445–456. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00568.x
  • Matsuoka, M. (1987). Development of skeletal tissue and skeletal muscle in the Red sea bream, Pagrus major. Jpanese Journal of Ichthyology, 65: (65), 1–114.
  • Paperna, I. (1978). Swimbladder and skeletal deformaties in hatchery bred Sparus aurata. Journal of Fish Biology, 12:109-114.
  • Pohl, C. (1990). Skeletal deformities and trace metal contents of European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, in the Elbe Estuary. Meeresforschung, 33: 76–89.
  • Potthoff, T., Kelley, S., Moe, M., Young, F. (1984). Description of porkfish larvae (Anisotremus virginicus, Haemulidae) and their osteological development. Bulletin Marine Science, 34: 21–59.
  • Sfakianakis, D.G., Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. & Kentoui, M., 2004, Osteological development of the vertebral column and of the fins in Pagellus erythrinus. Temperature effect on the developmental plasticity and morpho-anatomical abnormalities. Aquaculture, 232: 407–424. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.08.014
  • Soliman, A. K., Jauncey, K. & Roberts, R. J. (1986). The effect of varying forms of dietary ascorbic acid on the nutrition of juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 52, 1 –10.doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(86)90101-8
  • Potthoff, T. (1983). Ontogeny and systematics of fisheries. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetogists. Special publication, 1: 223-229.
  • Treasurer, J. (1992) Vertebrae anomalies associated with Myxobolus sp. in perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in a Scottish loch. Bulletin of European Associaton Fish Pathology, 12:61-63.

Details

Subjects Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Çoban
ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ
Türkiye

Cüneyt Suzer
EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ
Türkiye

Şükrü Yıldırım
EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ
Türkiye

Şahin SAKA
EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ
Türkiye

M. Kürşat FIRAT
EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ
Türkiye

Publication Date November 25, 2016
Application Date August 18, 2016
Acceptance Date October 25, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016, Volume 33, Issue 4

Cite

APA Çoban, D. , Suzer, C. , Yıldırım, Ş. , Saka, Ş. & Fırat, M. K. (2016). Skeletal deformities in hatchery reared European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) . Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 33 (4) , 373-379 . DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.4.11