Research Article
Acute toxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin on the tadpoles of variable green toad, Bufotes variabilis (Amphibia:Anura)
Abstract
In this study, acute toxic effects of alpha-cypermethrin were
investigated in the tadpoles of Bufotes
variabilis (Pallas, 1769). Tadpoles at Gosner stage 19 were exposed to 0,
0.1, 5 and 10 µgl-1 of alpha-cypermethrin concentrations for 96 hours. Mortality, the changes in some morphological
measurements (snout-vent length, body width, tail length, and wet weight),
morphological anomalies and behavioral changes were evaluated at the end of the
experiment. The 96 hours LC50 value was calculated as 15.62 µgl-1. Such
morphological changes as axial anomaly, visceral edema, deformation of the
mouth, and tail deformation were observed in 83% and 95% of the tadpoles in the
groups treated with 5 and 10 µgl-1 of alpha-cypermethrin. Behavioral changes
such as shortening of the swimming distance and immobility were recorded in all
tadpoles exposed to alpha-cypermethrin. When all findings were evaluated totally,
it was concluded that alpha-cypermethrin had negative effects on the
development of the tadpoles of B.
variabilis
References
- Bradbury, S.P. & Coats, J.R. (1989). Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. In: Editor Ware, G. W. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, New York: Springer, 133-177. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_4
- Casida, J.E. (1980). Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides. Environmental Health Perspectives, 34: 189-202
- Collins, J.P. & Storfer, A. (2003). Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses. Diversity and Distributions, 9: 89-98.
- doi: 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00012.x
- Durmuşoğlu, E., Tiryaki, O. & Canhilal, R. (2010). Pesticide usage in Turkey, ruins and durability issues (In Turkish). Paper presented at: Seventh Turkey Agricultural Engineering Technical Conference, 11-15 January, Ankara, Turkey.
- Ginebreda, A., Kuzmanovic, M., Guasch,H., Lopez de Alda, M., Lopez-Doval, J.C., Munoz, I., Ricart, M., Romani, A.M., Sabater, S. & Barcelo, D. (2014). Assessment of multi-chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems using toxic units: Compound prioritization, mixture characterization and relationships with biological descriptors. Science of the Total Environment, 468: 715-723. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.086
- Golow, A.A. & Godzi, T.A. (1994). Acute toxicity of deltamethrin and dieldrin to Oreochromis niloticus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52: 351-354. doi: 10.1007/BF00197820
- Gosner, K.L. (1960). A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16: 183-190.
- Grayson, B.T., Green, M.B. & Copping, L.G. (1990). Pest management. Paper presented at: Rice Conference, London, 455-464.
- Greulich, K. & Pflugmacher, S. (2003). Differences in susceptibility of various life stages of amphibians to pesticide exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 65: 329-336. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00153-X
- IPCS (1992). Alpha-cypermethrin. Environmental health criteria. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Geneva, No:142.
- IUCN (2015). Bufotes variabilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: International Union for Conservation of Nature, 9 pp. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1
- Kakko, I. (2004). Toxic mechanisms of pyrethroids studied in vitro (Academic Dissertation). Finland:Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tampere. ISBN: 951-44-6004-9. 55 pp.
- Kovganko, N.V. & Kashkan, Z.N. (2004). Advances in the synthesis of neonicotinoids. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 40: 1709-1726. doi: 10.1007/s11178-005-0089-y
- Luty, S., Latuszynska, J., Halliop, J., Tochman, A., Obuchowska, D., Przylepa, E. & Korczak. E. (1998). Toxicity of dermally applied alpha-cypermethrin in rats. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 5: 109-115.
- Luty, S., Latuszynska, J., Obuchowska-Przebirowska, D., Tokarska, M. & Haratym-Maj, A. (2000). Subacute toxicity of orally applied alpha-cypermethrin in swiss mice. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 7: 33-41.
- Paulov, S. (1990). Potential impact of pyrethroids (cypermethrin) on the model amphibians (Rana temporaria). Biologia (Bratislava), 45: 133-139.
- Polat, H., Erkoç, F.Ü., Viran, R. & Koçak, O. (2002). Investigation of acute toxicity of beta-cypermethrin on guppies Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere, 49: 39-44. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00171-6
- OECD (2008). The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay. Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 33 pp.
- Saha, S. & Khaviraj, A. (2008). Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to some freshwater organisms. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80: 49-52. doi: 10.1007/s00128-007-9314-4
- Sarıkaya, R. (2009). Investigation of acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin on adult nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9: 85-89
- Solomon, K.R., Giddings, J.M. & Maund, S.J. (2001). Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: I. Distributional analyses of laboratory aquatic toxicity data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20: 652-659. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620200326
- Stöck, M., Moritz, C., Hickerson, M., Frynta, D., Dujsebayeva, T., Eremchenko, V., Macey, J.R., Papenfuss, T.J. & Wake, D.B. (2006). Evolution of mitochondrial relationships and biogeography of palearctic toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with insights in their genomic plasticity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41: 663-689. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.026
- Turabi, M.S. (2007). The Licensing of Plant Protection Products (In Turkish) Paper presented at: Pesticides Convention and Exhibition Proceedings, 25-26 October, Ankara, Turkey
- Tyler, M.J. (1998). Australian frogs: A Natural History. Cornell University Press, 1-192
- Wells, K.D. (2007). The ecology and behaviour of amphibians. The University of Chicago Press Chicago. 1085 pp
- WHO (2006). Who specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Alpha-cypermethrin. World Health Organization. 34 pp
- Yılmaz, M., Gül, A. & Erbaşlı, K. (2004). Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Pallas, 1859). Chemosphere, 56: 381-385. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.034
- Yu-Tao, T., Zhao-Wei, L., Yang, Y., Zhuo, Y. & Tao, Z. (2009). Effect of alpha-cypermethrin and theta-cypermethrin on delayed rectifier potassium currents in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurotoxicology, 30: 269-273. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.01.001
- Yu, S., Wages, M.R., Cai, Q., Maul, J.D. & Cobb, G.P. (2013). Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on two developmental stages of Xenopus laevis and comparison with other amphibians. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 32: 2056-2064. doi: 10.1002/etc.2280
Sentetik piretroit alfa-sipermetrinin değişken desenli gece kurbağası, Bufotes variabilis iribaşlarındaki akut toksisitesi (Amphibia: Anura)
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Bufotes variabilis (Pallas, 1769) iribaşları üzerinde
alfa-sipermetrinin akut toksik etkileri araştırıldı. Gosner 19. evredeki
iribaşlar, 96 saat süreyle 0; 0,1; 5 ve 10 µgl-1 konsantrasyonlarda
alfa-sipermetrine maruz bırakıldı. Çalışma sonunda; mortalite, bazı morfolojik ölçümlerdeki
değişiklikler (burun-anüs açıklığı arası uzunluğu, vücut genişliği, kuyruk
uzunluğu ve ıslak ağırlık), morfolojik anomaliler ve davranışsal değişiklikler
değerlendirildi. 96 saatlik LC50 değeri 15,62 µgl-1 olarak hesaplandı. 5 ve 10
µgl-1 alfa-sipermetrin uygulaması yapılan iribaşların, %83 ve %95’inde aksiyal
anomali, viseral ödem, ağız deformasyonu ve kuyruk deformasyonu gibi bazı
morfolojik değişiklikler gözlendi. Alfa-sipermetrin uygulaması yapılan tüm
iribaşlarda yüzme mesafesinde kısalma ve dengesizlik gibi davranışsal
değişiklikler kaydedildi. Tüm bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde,
alfa-sipermetrinin, B. variabilis
iribaşlarının gelişimi üzerine olumsuz etkileri olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı.
References
- Bradbury, S.P. & Coats, J.R. (1989). Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. In: Editor Ware, G. W. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, New York: Springer, 133-177. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_4
- Casida, J.E. (1980). Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides. Environmental Health Perspectives, 34: 189-202
- Collins, J.P. & Storfer, A. (2003). Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses. Diversity and Distributions, 9: 89-98.
- doi: 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00012.x
- Durmuşoğlu, E., Tiryaki, O. & Canhilal, R. (2010). Pesticide usage in Turkey, ruins and durability issues (In Turkish). Paper presented at: Seventh Turkey Agricultural Engineering Technical Conference, 11-15 January, Ankara, Turkey.
- Ginebreda, A., Kuzmanovic, M., Guasch,H., Lopez de Alda, M., Lopez-Doval, J.C., Munoz, I., Ricart, M., Romani, A.M., Sabater, S. & Barcelo, D. (2014). Assessment of multi-chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems using toxic units: Compound prioritization, mixture characterization and relationships with biological descriptors. Science of the Total Environment, 468: 715-723. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.086
- Golow, A.A. & Godzi, T.A. (1994). Acute toxicity of deltamethrin and dieldrin to Oreochromis niloticus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52: 351-354. doi: 10.1007/BF00197820
- Gosner, K.L. (1960). A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16: 183-190.
- Grayson, B.T., Green, M.B. & Copping, L.G. (1990). Pest management. Paper presented at: Rice Conference, London, 455-464.
- Greulich, K. & Pflugmacher, S. (2003). Differences in susceptibility of various life stages of amphibians to pesticide exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 65: 329-336. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00153-X
- IPCS (1992). Alpha-cypermethrin. Environmental health criteria. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Geneva, No:142.
- IUCN (2015). Bufotes variabilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: International Union for Conservation of Nature, 9 pp. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1
- Kakko, I. (2004). Toxic mechanisms of pyrethroids studied in vitro (Academic Dissertation). Finland:Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tampere. ISBN: 951-44-6004-9. 55 pp.
- Kovganko, N.V. & Kashkan, Z.N. (2004). Advances in the synthesis of neonicotinoids. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 40: 1709-1726. doi: 10.1007/s11178-005-0089-y
- Luty, S., Latuszynska, J., Halliop, J., Tochman, A., Obuchowska, D., Przylepa, E. & Korczak. E. (1998). Toxicity of dermally applied alpha-cypermethrin in rats. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 5: 109-115.
- Luty, S., Latuszynska, J., Obuchowska-Przebirowska, D., Tokarska, M. & Haratym-Maj, A. (2000). Subacute toxicity of orally applied alpha-cypermethrin in swiss mice. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 7: 33-41.
- Paulov, S. (1990). Potential impact of pyrethroids (cypermethrin) on the model amphibians (Rana temporaria). Biologia (Bratislava), 45: 133-139.
- Polat, H., Erkoç, F.Ü., Viran, R. & Koçak, O. (2002). Investigation of acute toxicity of beta-cypermethrin on guppies Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere, 49: 39-44. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00171-6
- OECD (2008). The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay. Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 33 pp.
- Saha, S. & Khaviraj, A. (2008). Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to some freshwater organisms. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80: 49-52. doi: 10.1007/s00128-007-9314-4
- Sarıkaya, R. (2009). Investigation of acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin on adult nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9: 85-89
- Solomon, K.R., Giddings, J.M. & Maund, S.J. (2001). Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: I. Distributional analyses of laboratory aquatic toxicity data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20: 652-659. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620200326
- Stöck, M., Moritz, C., Hickerson, M., Frynta, D., Dujsebayeva, T., Eremchenko, V., Macey, J.R., Papenfuss, T.J. & Wake, D.B. (2006). Evolution of mitochondrial relationships and biogeography of palearctic toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with insights in their genomic plasticity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41: 663-689. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.026
- Turabi, M.S. (2007). The Licensing of Plant Protection Products (In Turkish) Paper presented at: Pesticides Convention and Exhibition Proceedings, 25-26 October, Ankara, Turkey
- Tyler, M.J. (1998). Australian frogs: A Natural History. Cornell University Press, 1-192
- Wells, K.D. (2007). The ecology and behaviour of amphibians. The University of Chicago Press Chicago. 1085 pp
- WHO (2006). Who specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Alpha-cypermethrin. World Health Organization. 34 pp
- Yılmaz, M., Gül, A. & Erbaşlı, K. (2004). Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Pallas, 1859). Chemosphere, 56: 381-385. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.034
- Yu-Tao, T., Zhao-Wei, L., Yang, Y., Zhuo, Y. & Tao, Z. (2009). Effect of alpha-cypermethrin and theta-cypermethrin on delayed rectifier potassium currents in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurotoxicology, 30: 269-273. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.01.001
- Yu, S., Wages, M.R., Cai, Q., Maul, J.D. & Cobb, G.P. (2013). Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on two developmental stages of Xenopus laevis and comparison with other amphibians. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 32: 2056-2064. doi: 10.1002/etc.2280
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 23, 2016 |
| Submission Date | August 4, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016Volume: 33 Issue: 4 |