BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Heavy metal effects on fish blood parameters.

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 49 - 55, 01.03.2006

Ekrem Şanver Çelik

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Benoit, D.A., E.N. Leonhard, G.M. Christensen, and J.T. Fiandt. 1976. Toxic effects of cadmiumon three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105: 550-560.
  • Bergheim, A., F. Kroglund, D.F. Vatne, and B.O. Rosseland. 1990. Blood Plasma Parameters in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Transferred to Sea Cages at Age Eight to Ten Months. Aquaculture, 84, 159-165.
  • Bernet, D., H. Schmidt, T. Wahli, and P. Burkhardt-Holm. 2001. Effluent from a Sewage Treatment Works Causes Changes in Serum Chemistry of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.). Ecotoxicology and Enviromental Safety, 48, 140-147.
  • Calabrese, A., F.P. Thurberg, M.A. Dawson, and D.R. Wenzloff. 1975. Sublethal physiological stress induced by cadmium and mercury in the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Koemon , J.H. and J.J.T.W.A, Strik (eds.).Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. P. 15-21. American Elsevier, NY.
  • Canfield, P.J., N. Quartararo, D.L. Griffin, G.N. Tsoukalas, and S.E. Cocaro. 1994. Haematological and Biochemical Reference Values for Captive Australian snapper, Pagrus auratus. Journal of Fish Biology, 44: 849- 856.
  • Cataldi, E., P.D. Marco, A. Mandich, and S. Cataudella. 1998. Serum Parameters of Adriatic Sturgeon Acipencer naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): Effects of Temperature and Stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 121, 351-354.
  • Chen, C.Y., G.A. Wooster, R.G. Getchell, P.R. Bowser, and M.B. Timmons. 2002. Blood Chemistry of Healthy, Nephrocalcinosis-Affected and Ozone-Treated Tilapia in a Recirculation System, with Application of discriminant analysis. Aquaculture, 218, 89-102.
  • Christensen, G., E. Hunt, and J. Fiandt. 1977. The effect of methylmercuric chloride, cadmium chloride and lead nitrate on six biochemical factors of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42:523- 530.
  • Christensen, G.M., J.M. McKim, W.A. Brungs, and E.P. Hunt. 1972. Changes in the blood of the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Lesuer) following short and long term exposure to copper. Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 23: 417-427.
  • Cyriac, P.J., A. Antony, and P.N.K. Nambisan. 1989. Hemoglobin and haematocrit values in the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) after short term exposure to copper and mercury. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43: 315-320.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. 2004. The effect of seasonal and gonadal maturity changes on haematological and biochemical characteristics of scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting Dardanelles, (in Turkish). Doktora Tezi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, s. 171.
  • Dawson, M.A. 1979. Hematological effects of long-term mercury exposure and subsequent periods of recovery of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Vernberg, W.B., Thurberg, F.P., Calabrese, A. and F.J., Vernberg (eds.), Marine pollution: Functional responses, p. 171-182. Acad. Press, NY.
  • Dawson, M.A. 1990. Blood Chemistry of the Windowpane Flounder Scophthalmus aquasus in Long Island Sound: Geographical, Seasonal, and Experimental Variations. Fishery Bulletin, 88 (3) : 429-437.
  • Dick, P.T., and D.G. Dixon. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. J. Fish Biol,. 26: 475-481.
  • El-Domiaty, N.A. 1987. Stress response of juvenile Clarias lazera elicited by copper. Comp. Bioch. and Physiol., C88 (2): 259-262.
  • Ellgaard, E.G., J.E. Tusa, and A.A. Malizia. 1978. Locomotor activity of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): hyperactivity induced by sublethal concentrations of cadmium, chromium and zinc. J. Fish. Biol. 12:19-23.
  • Folmar, L.C., T. Moody, S. Bonomelli, and J. Gibson. 1992. Annual Cycle of Blood Chemistry Parameters in Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.) From the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology. 41:999-1011.
  • Giles, M.A. 1984. Electrolyte and Water Balance in Plasma and Urine of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) during Chronic Exposure to Cadmium. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol., 41, 1678-1685.
  • Gill, T.S., and J.C. Pant. 1983. Cadmium toxicity: inducement of changes in blood and tissue metabolites in fish. Toxicol. Lett., 18: 195-200.
  • Gill, T.S., and J.C. Pant. 1987. Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in freshwater fish Barbus conchonius Ham. Water Air Soil Pollut., 35: 241-250.
  • Haux, C., and Å. Larsson. 1984. Long-term sublethal physiological effects on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, during exposure to cadmium and after subsequent recovery. Aquat. Toxicol., 5: 129-142.
  • Hilmy, A.M, M.B. Shabana, and A.Y. Daabees. 1985a. Bioaccumulation of Cadmium Toxicity in Mugil cephalus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 81, 1, 139-143.
  • Hilmy, AM, M.B. Shabana, and A.Y. Daabees. 1985b. Effects of Cadmium Toxicity upon the in vivo an in vitro Activity of Proteins and Five Enzymes in Blood Serum and Tissue Homogenates of Mugil cephalus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 81, 1, 145-153.
  • Hilmy, A.M., N.A. El-Domiaty, A.Y. Daabees, and H.A. Abdel Latife. 1987. Some physiological and biochemical indices of zinc toxicity in two freshwater fishes, Clarias lazera and Tilapia zilli. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 87C: 297-301.
  • Houston, A.H. 1997. Are the classical hematological variables acceptable indicators of fish health? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 126 (6):879-894.
  • Johansson-Sjobeck, M.L., and Å. Larsson. 1978. The effects of cadmium on the hematology and on the activity of delta-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and hematopoietic tissues of the flounder Pleuronectes flesus. Environ. Res., 17: 1991-2004.
  • Karataş, S., C. Erdem, and B. Cicik. 2005. Effect of cadmium on levels of sera aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and glucose Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) (in Turkish). Ekoloji, Vol. 14, No: 55, 18-23.
  • Katalay, S. 1998. The Effects of pollution on blood parameters on marine organism (in Turkish). Doktora tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, İzmir, Türkiye, s. 75.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2002. The effects of water pollution on blood parameters of black gobby (Gobius niger Linn, 1758) (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 19, No. (1-2):115-121.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2004. The effects of pollution on haematological parameters of black goby (Gobius niger L., 1758) in Foça and Aliağa Bays (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. (1-2):113-117.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2004a. The effect of cadmium on erythrocyte structure of black goby (Gobius niger L., 1758) (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. (1-2):99-102.
  • Kime, D.E., M. Ebrahimi, K. Nysten, I. Roelants, E. Rurangwa, H.D.M. Moore, and F. Ollevier. 1996. Use of computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for monitoring the effects of pollution on sperm quality of fish, application to the effects of heavymetals. Aquatic Toxicology. 36: 223-237.
  • Koyama, J., and Y. Ozaki. 1984. Haematological changes of fish exposed to low concentrations of cadmium in the water. Bulletin of the Japenese Society of Scientific Fisheries. 50 (2): 199-203 p.
  • Kubokawa, K., T. Watanabe, M. Yoshioka, and M. Iwata. 1999. Effects of Acute Stres on Plasma Cortisol, Sex Steroid Hormone and Glucose Levels in Male and Female Sockeye Salmon During the Breeding Season. Aquaculture, 172, 335-349.
  • Lane, H.C. 1979. Progressive Changes in Haematology and Tissue Water of Sexually Nature Trout, Salmo Gairdneri Richardson, During the Autumn and Winter. Journal of Fish Biology, 15, 425-436.
  • Larsson, Å. 1975. Some biochemical effects of cadmium on fish. In: Koeman J.H., Stirk J.J.T.W.A. (eds). Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 3-13 pp.
  • Lebedeva, N.E., V. Z. Vosylienė, and T.V. Golovkina. 1998. Haematological- biochemical responses of fish to biogenous and anthropogenic chemical stimuli. Ichthyohaematology. Proceedings of the 4th Ichthyohaematological conference, Hluboka/Vlt., Czech, 85-87pp.
  • Lowe-Inde, L., and A.I. Niimi. 1984. Short-term and longterm effects of cadmium on glycogen reserves and liver size in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 13: 759-764.
  • Lusková, V. 1997. Annual cycles and normal values of hematological parameters in fishes. Acta Sc. Nat. Brno, 31(5): 70.
  • Mazur, C.F., and G.K. Iwama. 1993. Effect of Handling and Stocking Density on Haematocrit, Plasma Cortisol and Survival in Wild and Hatchery- Reared Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture, 112, 291-299.
  • McCarty, L.S., and A.H. Houston. 1976. Effects of exposure to sublethal levels of cadmium upon water-electrolyte status in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Fish Biol. 9:11-19.
  • McLeay, D.J. 1977. Development of a blood sugar bioassay for rapidly measuring stressful levels of pulmill effluents in salmonid fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34: 477-485.
  • Moiseenko, T.I. 1998. Haematological indices of fish in evaluation of their toxicity while taking Coregonus lavaretus as an example. J. of Ichthyology 38: 371-380 (in Russian).
  • Nemscok, J.G., and G.M. Hughes. 1988. The effect of copper sulphate on some biochemical parameters of rainbow trout. Environ. Poll. 49: 77-85.
  • Nemscok, J., L. Orban, E. Vic, B. Aszatalos, and L. Boross. 1985. Effect of Cu on some biochemical parameters of fishes. Symposia Biologica Hungarica, 19: 413-425.
  • Palačkova, J., D. Pravda, K. Fašaic, and O. Čelechovska. 1994. Sublethal effects of cadmium on carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Sublethal chronic effects of pol-82 lutants on freshwater fish. Ed. R. Muller and R. Lloyd. Lugano, 53-58pp.
  • Palm, A., A. Tuvikene, and T. Krause. 1992. Changes in haematological characteristics of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb.) reared in the mixture of natural and oil-shale mine drainage water. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol., 41 (4): 183-188.
  • Ruparella, S.G., Y. Verma, S.R. Saiyed, and U.M. Rawal. 1990. Effect of cadmium on blood of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) during prolonged exposure. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 45: 305-312.
  • Sastry, K.V, S. Sachdeva, and P. Rathee. 1997. Chronic Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Copper and their Combination on some Enzymological and Biochemical Parameters in Channa punctatus. J. Environ. Biol. 18, 291-303.
  • Sehgal, R. and A.B. Saxena. 1986. Toxicity of zinc to a viviparous fish Lebistes reticulatus (Peters). Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 36: 888- 894.
  • Shiffman, R.H. and P.O. Fromm. 1959. Chromium-induced changes in the blood of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Sewage and industrial wastes 31: 205-211.
  • Shakoori, A.R., M.J. Iqbal, A.L. Mughal, and S.S. Ali. 1991. Drastıc Biochemical Changes Following 48 Hours of Exposure of Chinese Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellla, to Sublethal doses of Mercurıc Chloride. Proc. Ist. Symp. Fish & Fisheries, Pakistan, 81-92.
  • Shakoori, A.R., M.J. Iqbal, A.L. Mughal, and S.S. Ali. 1994. Biochemical Changes Induced by Inorganic Mercury on the Blood, Liver and Muscles of Freshwater Chinese Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellla. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 4 (2), 81-92.
  • Singh, H.S., and T.V. Reddy. 1990. Effect of copper sulfate on hematology, blood chemistry and hepato-somatic index of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), and its recovery. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 20: 30-35.
  • Svobodova, Z., B. Vykusova, and J. Machova. 1994. Sublethal chronic effects of pollutants on freshwater fish. Ed. R. Muller ir R. Lloyd. Lugano, 39-52 pp.
  • Tishinova, V., and N. Ilieva. 1994 (1995). Zoology 85: 98-109 (in Bulgarian).
  • Torres, P., L. Tort, J. Planas, and R. Flos. 1986. Effects of confinement stress and additional zinc treatment on some blood parameters in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 83C: 89-92.
  • Tort, L., and M.D. Hernandes-Pascual. 1990. Haematological effects in dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) after shortterm sublethal cadmium exposure. Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol., 18: 379-383.
  • Tort, L., P. Torres, and J. Hidalgo. 1988. The effects of sublethal concentrations of cadmium on haematological parameters in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Fish Biol., 32: 277-282.
  • Van der Putte, I., W. van der Galien, and J.J.T.W.A. Strik. 1982. Effects of hexavalent chromium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) after prolonged exposure of two different pH levels. Ecotoxicol. Environ., Saf. 6: 246-257.
  • Van Vuren J.H.J., M. Van der Merwe, and H.H. Du Preez. 1994. The effect of copper on the blood chemistry of Clarias garlepinus (Clariidae). Ecotox. Environm. Safety 29: 187-199.
  • Vijayan, M.M, C. Pereira, E.G. Grau, and G.K. Iwama. 1997. Metabolic Responses Associated with Confinement Stress in Tilapia; The Role of Cortisol. Biochem. Physiol. 116C, 1, 89-85.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1996a. The effect of long-term exposure to copper on physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2. Studies of haematological parameters. Ekologija 1: 3-6.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1996b. Haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during short-term exposure to copper. Ekologija 3: 12-18.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1999a. The effect of heavy metals on haematological indices of fish (Survey). Acta Zoologica. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 9, No.2. 76-82.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1999b. The effect of heavy metal mixture on haematological parameters of rainbow trout. Heavy metals in environment. An integrated approach. Ed. D.A. Lovejoy, 295-298 pp.
  • Yamawaki, K., W. Hashimoto, K. Fujii, J. Koyama, Y. Ikeda, and H. Ozaki. 1986. Hemochemical Changes in Carp Exposed to Low Cadmium Concentrations. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 52 (3): 459-465.
  • Watson T.A., and B.A. McKeown. 1976. The effect of sublethal concentrations of zinc on growth and plasma glucose levels in rainbow trout (Salmo gairneri Richardson). J. Wildlife Diss. 12: 263-270.
  • Witeska, M., and B. Jiezerska. 1994. The effect of cadmium and lead on selected blood parameters of common carp. Arch. Ryb. Pol. 2(1): 123- 132.
  • Zhiteneva, L.D., T.G. Poltavceva, and O.A. Rudnickaja. 1989. Atlas of normal and pathological cells in the blood of fish. Rostov-on-Don, 112 pp.

Balıkların Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Ağır Metallerin Etkisi.

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 49 - 55, 01.03.2006

Ekrem Şanver Çelik

Öz

Ağır metaller boşaltım ortamlarındaki balıklar üzerinde, konsantrasyonları ile orantılı olarak toksik etki yaparlar. Bazı ağır metaller (krom, kadmiyum), besin zincirleriyle girdikleri canlı bünyelerinden atılamadıkları için balıklarda fizyolojik olarak birikime neden olurlar ve bünyede belirli sınır konsantrasyonların aşılması halinde toksik etki yaparlar ve hatta ölüme neden olabilirler. Bu birikim balıkların kan parametrelerine de etki eder ve fizyolojik bozukluklara neden olur. Bu makalede bakır, çinko, krom, kadmiyum ve civa gibi ağır metallerin balıkların kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri, farklı yazarlar tarafından yapılan araştırmalardan yararlanılarak ortaya konulmuştur. Ağır metal konsantrasyonuna ve balıkların bunlara ne sureyle maruz kaldıklarına bağlı olarak kan indekslerindeki değişimler ile bunların fizyolojik ve ekolojik önemleri tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balık kan parametreleri ağır metaller

Kaynakça

  • Benoit, D.A., E.N. Leonhard, G.M. Christensen, and J.T. Fiandt. 1976. Toxic effects of cadmiumon three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105: 550-560.
  • Bergheim, A., F. Kroglund, D.F. Vatne, and B.O. Rosseland. 1990. Blood Plasma Parameters in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Transferred to Sea Cages at Age Eight to Ten Months. Aquaculture, 84, 159-165.
  • Bernet, D., H. Schmidt, T. Wahli, and P. Burkhardt-Holm. 2001. Effluent from a Sewage Treatment Works Causes Changes in Serum Chemistry of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.). Ecotoxicology and Enviromental Safety, 48, 140-147.
  • Calabrese, A., F.P. Thurberg, M.A. Dawson, and D.R. Wenzloff. 1975. Sublethal physiological stress induced by cadmium and mercury in the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Koemon , J.H. and J.J.T.W.A, Strik (eds.).Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. P. 15-21. American Elsevier, NY.
  • Canfield, P.J., N. Quartararo, D.L. Griffin, G.N. Tsoukalas, and S.E. Cocaro. 1994. Haematological and Biochemical Reference Values for Captive Australian snapper, Pagrus auratus. Journal of Fish Biology, 44: 849- 856.
  • Cataldi, E., P.D. Marco, A. Mandich, and S. Cataudella. 1998. Serum Parameters of Adriatic Sturgeon Acipencer naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): Effects of Temperature and Stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 121, 351-354.
  • Chen, C.Y., G.A. Wooster, R.G. Getchell, P.R. Bowser, and M.B. Timmons. 2002. Blood Chemistry of Healthy, Nephrocalcinosis-Affected and Ozone-Treated Tilapia in a Recirculation System, with Application of discriminant analysis. Aquaculture, 218, 89-102.
  • Christensen, G., E. Hunt, and J. Fiandt. 1977. The effect of methylmercuric chloride, cadmium chloride and lead nitrate on six biochemical factors of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42:523- 530.
  • Christensen, G.M., J.M. McKim, W.A. Brungs, and E.P. Hunt. 1972. Changes in the blood of the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Lesuer) following short and long term exposure to copper. Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 23: 417-427.
  • Cyriac, P.J., A. Antony, and P.N.K. Nambisan. 1989. Hemoglobin and haematocrit values in the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) after short term exposure to copper and mercury. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43: 315-320.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. 2004. The effect of seasonal and gonadal maturity changes on haematological and biochemical characteristics of scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting Dardanelles, (in Turkish). Doktora Tezi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, s. 171.
  • Dawson, M.A. 1979. Hematological effects of long-term mercury exposure and subsequent periods of recovery of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Vernberg, W.B., Thurberg, F.P., Calabrese, A. and F.J., Vernberg (eds.), Marine pollution: Functional responses, p. 171-182. Acad. Press, NY.
  • Dawson, M.A. 1990. Blood Chemistry of the Windowpane Flounder Scophthalmus aquasus in Long Island Sound: Geographical, Seasonal, and Experimental Variations. Fishery Bulletin, 88 (3) : 429-437.
  • Dick, P.T., and D.G. Dixon. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. J. Fish Biol,. 26: 475-481.
  • El-Domiaty, N.A. 1987. Stress response of juvenile Clarias lazera elicited by copper. Comp. Bioch. and Physiol., C88 (2): 259-262.
  • Ellgaard, E.G., J.E. Tusa, and A.A. Malizia. 1978. Locomotor activity of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): hyperactivity induced by sublethal concentrations of cadmium, chromium and zinc. J. Fish. Biol. 12:19-23.
  • Folmar, L.C., T. Moody, S. Bonomelli, and J. Gibson. 1992. Annual Cycle of Blood Chemistry Parameters in Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.) From the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology. 41:999-1011.
  • Giles, M.A. 1984. Electrolyte and Water Balance in Plasma and Urine of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) during Chronic Exposure to Cadmium. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol., 41, 1678-1685.
  • Gill, T.S., and J.C. Pant. 1983. Cadmium toxicity: inducement of changes in blood and tissue metabolites in fish. Toxicol. Lett., 18: 195-200.
  • Gill, T.S., and J.C. Pant. 1987. Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in freshwater fish Barbus conchonius Ham. Water Air Soil Pollut., 35: 241-250.
  • Haux, C., and Å. Larsson. 1984. Long-term sublethal physiological effects on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, during exposure to cadmium and after subsequent recovery. Aquat. Toxicol., 5: 129-142.
  • Hilmy, A.M, M.B. Shabana, and A.Y. Daabees. 1985a. Bioaccumulation of Cadmium Toxicity in Mugil cephalus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 81, 1, 139-143.
  • Hilmy, AM, M.B. Shabana, and A.Y. Daabees. 1985b. Effects of Cadmium Toxicity upon the in vivo an in vitro Activity of Proteins and Five Enzymes in Blood Serum and Tissue Homogenates of Mugil cephalus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 81, 1, 145-153.
  • Hilmy, A.M., N.A. El-Domiaty, A.Y. Daabees, and H.A. Abdel Latife. 1987. Some physiological and biochemical indices of zinc toxicity in two freshwater fishes, Clarias lazera and Tilapia zilli. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 87C: 297-301.
  • Houston, A.H. 1997. Are the classical hematological variables acceptable indicators of fish health? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 126 (6):879-894.
  • Johansson-Sjobeck, M.L., and Å. Larsson. 1978. The effects of cadmium on the hematology and on the activity of delta-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and hematopoietic tissues of the flounder Pleuronectes flesus. Environ. Res., 17: 1991-2004.
  • Karataş, S., C. Erdem, and B. Cicik. 2005. Effect of cadmium on levels of sera aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and glucose Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) (in Turkish). Ekoloji, Vol. 14, No: 55, 18-23.
  • Katalay, S. 1998. The Effects of pollution on blood parameters on marine organism (in Turkish). Doktora tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, İzmir, Türkiye, s. 75.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2002. The effects of water pollution on blood parameters of black gobby (Gobius niger Linn, 1758) (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 19, No. (1-2):115-121.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2004. The effects of pollution on haematological parameters of black goby (Gobius niger L., 1758) in Foça and Aliağa Bays (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. (1-2):113-117.
  • Katalay, S., and H. Parlak. 2004a. The effect of cadmium on erythrocyte structure of black goby (Gobius niger L., 1758) (in Turkish). E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. (1-2):99-102.
  • Kime, D.E., M. Ebrahimi, K. Nysten, I. Roelants, E. Rurangwa, H.D.M. Moore, and F. Ollevier. 1996. Use of computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for monitoring the effects of pollution on sperm quality of fish, application to the effects of heavymetals. Aquatic Toxicology. 36: 223-237.
  • Koyama, J., and Y. Ozaki. 1984. Haematological changes of fish exposed to low concentrations of cadmium in the water. Bulletin of the Japenese Society of Scientific Fisheries. 50 (2): 199-203 p.
  • Kubokawa, K., T. Watanabe, M. Yoshioka, and M. Iwata. 1999. Effects of Acute Stres on Plasma Cortisol, Sex Steroid Hormone and Glucose Levels in Male and Female Sockeye Salmon During the Breeding Season. Aquaculture, 172, 335-349.
  • Lane, H.C. 1979. Progressive Changes in Haematology and Tissue Water of Sexually Nature Trout, Salmo Gairdneri Richardson, During the Autumn and Winter. Journal of Fish Biology, 15, 425-436.
  • Larsson, Å. 1975. Some biochemical effects of cadmium on fish. In: Koeman J.H., Stirk J.J.T.W.A. (eds). Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 3-13 pp.
  • Lebedeva, N.E., V. Z. Vosylienė, and T.V. Golovkina. 1998. Haematological- biochemical responses of fish to biogenous and anthropogenic chemical stimuli. Ichthyohaematology. Proceedings of the 4th Ichthyohaematological conference, Hluboka/Vlt., Czech, 85-87pp.
  • Lowe-Inde, L., and A.I. Niimi. 1984. Short-term and longterm effects of cadmium on glycogen reserves and liver size in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 13: 759-764.
  • Lusková, V. 1997. Annual cycles and normal values of hematological parameters in fishes. Acta Sc. Nat. Brno, 31(5): 70.
  • Mazur, C.F., and G.K. Iwama. 1993. Effect of Handling and Stocking Density on Haematocrit, Plasma Cortisol and Survival in Wild and Hatchery- Reared Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture, 112, 291-299.
  • McCarty, L.S., and A.H. Houston. 1976. Effects of exposure to sublethal levels of cadmium upon water-electrolyte status in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Fish Biol. 9:11-19.
  • McLeay, D.J. 1977. Development of a blood sugar bioassay for rapidly measuring stressful levels of pulmill effluents in salmonid fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34: 477-485.
  • Moiseenko, T.I. 1998. Haematological indices of fish in evaluation of their toxicity while taking Coregonus lavaretus as an example. J. of Ichthyology 38: 371-380 (in Russian).
  • Nemscok, J.G., and G.M. Hughes. 1988. The effect of copper sulphate on some biochemical parameters of rainbow trout. Environ. Poll. 49: 77-85.
  • Nemscok, J., L. Orban, E. Vic, B. Aszatalos, and L. Boross. 1985. Effect of Cu on some biochemical parameters of fishes. Symposia Biologica Hungarica, 19: 413-425.
  • Palačkova, J., D. Pravda, K. Fašaic, and O. Čelechovska. 1994. Sublethal effects of cadmium on carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Sublethal chronic effects of pol-82 lutants on freshwater fish. Ed. R. Muller and R. Lloyd. Lugano, 53-58pp.
  • Palm, A., A. Tuvikene, and T. Krause. 1992. Changes in haematological characteristics of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb.) reared in the mixture of natural and oil-shale mine drainage water. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol., 41 (4): 183-188.
  • Ruparella, S.G., Y. Verma, S.R. Saiyed, and U.M. Rawal. 1990. Effect of cadmium on blood of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) during prolonged exposure. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 45: 305-312.
  • Sastry, K.V, S. Sachdeva, and P. Rathee. 1997. Chronic Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Copper and their Combination on some Enzymological and Biochemical Parameters in Channa punctatus. J. Environ. Biol. 18, 291-303.
  • Sehgal, R. and A.B. Saxena. 1986. Toxicity of zinc to a viviparous fish Lebistes reticulatus (Peters). Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 36: 888- 894.
  • Shiffman, R.H. and P.O. Fromm. 1959. Chromium-induced changes in the blood of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Sewage and industrial wastes 31: 205-211.
  • Shakoori, A.R., M.J. Iqbal, A.L. Mughal, and S.S. Ali. 1991. Drastıc Biochemical Changes Following 48 Hours of Exposure of Chinese Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellla, to Sublethal doses of Mercurıc Chloride. Proc. Ist. Symp. Fish & Fisheries, Pakistan, 81-92.
  • Shakoori, A.R., M.J. Iqbal, A.L. Mughal, and S.S. Ali. 1994. Biochemical Changes Induced by Inorganic Mercury on the Blood, Liver and Muscles of Freshwater Chinese Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellla. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 4 (2), 81-92.
  • Singh, H.S., and T.V. Reddy. 1990. Effect of copper sulfate on hematology, blood chemistry and hepato-somatic index of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), and its recovery. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 20: 30-35.
  • Svobodova, Z., B. Vykusova, and J. Machova. 1994. Sublethal chronic effects of pollutants on freshwater fish. Ed. R. Muller ir R. Lloyd. Lugano, 39-52 pp.
  • Tishinova, V., and N. Ilieva. 1994 (1995). Zoology 85: 98-109 (in Bulgarian).
  • Torres, P., L. Tort, J. Planas, and R. Flos. 1986. Effects of confinement stress and additional zinc treatment on some blood parameters in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 83C: 89-92.
  • Tort, L., and M.D. Hernandes-Pascual. 1990. Haematological effects in dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) after shortterm sublethal cadmium exposure. Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol., 18: 379-383.
  • Tort, L., P. Torres, and J. Hidalgo. 1988. The effects of sublethal concentrations of cadmium on haematological parameters in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Fish Biol., 32: 277-282.
  • Van der Putte, I., W. van der Galien, and J.J.T.W.A. Strik. 1982. Effects of hexavalent chromium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) after prolonged exposure of two different pH levels. Ecotoxicol. Environ., Saf. 6: 246-257.
  • Van Vuren J.H.J., M. Van der Merwe, and H.H. Du Preez. 1994. The effect of copper on the blood chemistry of Clarias garlepinus (Clariidae). Ecotox. Environm. Safety 29: 187-199.
  • Vijayan, M.M, C. Pereira, E.G. Grau, and G.K. Iwama. 1997. Metabolic Responses Associated with Confinement Stress in Tilapia; The Role of Cortisol. Biochem. Physiol. 116C, 1, 89-85.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1996a. The effect of long-term exposure to copper on physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2. Studies of haematological parameters. Ekologija 1: 3-6.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1996b. Haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during short-term exposure to copper. Ekologija 3: 12-18.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1999a. The effect of heavy metals on haematological indices of fish (Survey). Acta Zoologica. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 9, No.2. 76-82.
  • Vosylienė, M.Z. 1999b. The effect of heavy metal mixture on haematological parameters of rainbow trout. Heavy metals in environment. An integrated approach. Ed. D.A. Lovejoy, 295-298 pp.
  • Yamawaki, K., W. Hashimoto, K. Fujii, J. Koyama, Y. Ikeda, and H. Ozaki. 1986. Hemochemical Changes in Carp Exposed to Low Cadmium Concentrations. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 52 (3): 459-465.
  • Watson T.A., and B.A. McKeown. 1976. The effect of sublethal concentrations of zinc on growth and plasma glucose levels in rainbow trout (Salmo gairneri Richardson). J. Wildlife Diss. 12: 263-270.
  • Witeska, M., and B. Jiezerska. 1994. The effect of cadmium and lead on selected blood parameters of common carp. Arch. Ryb. Pol. 2(1): 123- 132.
  • Zhiteneva, L.D., T.G. Poltavceva, and O.A. Rudnickaja. 1989. Atlas of normal and pathological cells in the blood of fish. Rostov-on-Don, 112 pp.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ekrem Şanver Çelik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2006
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2006Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, E. Ş. . (2006). Balıkların Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Ağır Metallerin Etkisi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(1), 49-55.