Gonadal development of the holothurian Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) in spawning period at the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Abstract
The Mediterranean sea cucumbers including Holothuria polii has become commercially important in international trade due to the high demand of consumers from Far East countries. Sea cucumbers fisheries is a valuable income for the regional fishermen but natural stocks endangered by overfishing in recent years. Fisheries regulations and aquaculture studies are important precautions for preserving natural stocks. All these efforts are based on reproduction biology of this species which slightly differed among regions. In this study, the reproduction biology including morphological characteristics, gonadosomatic index and gonadal development stages of H.polii at the eastern coast of Aegean Sea (Izmir, Turkey) were investigated during the reproduction (spawning) period from July to October 2018. Gonads and gonad sections of 60 sea cucumbers (120.60 ± 19.56 g) have been observed by macroscopic and microscopic inspections. Three gonadal development stages have been identified by histologic observations as mature (III), spawning (IV) and post-spawning stage (V) in gonadal tubules. Results indicate that both female and male gonads are at mature and spawning stage in July and all gonads are at post-spawning stage in October. The mean gonad weight was 12.53 ± 1.33 g at the beginning of the spawning period (July) and 1.87 ± 0.58 g at the end of the spawning period (October). Gonadosomatic index decreased from 17.53 ± 0.02% (July) to 3.37 ± 0.01% (October) after spawning. The gonadosomatic index, gonad weight, and spawning were related to the seawater temperature. According to this study, the spawning period of H.polii at the eastern coasts of the Aegean Sea starts in July and completely ends in October. As a result, the data related to the reproduction biology in spawning period of H.polii would guide stock management and artificial breeding of this species under controlled conditions.
Keywords
Mediterranean sea cucumber gonadal development stage reproduction biology gonadosomatic index Holothuria polii
References
- Asha, P. & Muthiah, P. J. A. I. (2008). Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. 16(3), 231-242. DOI: 10.1007/s10499-007-9140-z
- Bardanis, E. & Batjakas, I., 2018). Reproductive cycle of Holothuria poli in Gera Gulf, Lesvos Island, Greece. 3rd International Congress on Applied Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment.
- Belbachir, N.-E. & Mezali, K. (2018). Food preferences of four aspidochirotid holothurians species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) inhabiting the Posidonia oceanica meadow of Mostaganem area (Algeria).
- Bulteel, P., Jangoux, M. & Coulon, P. (1992). Biometry, bathymetric distribution, and reproductive cycle of the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass beds. Marine Ecology, 13(1), 53-62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1992.tb00339.x
- Conand, C. (1981). Sexual cycle of three commercially important holothurian species (Echinodermata) from the lagoon of New Caledonia. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31(3), 523-543.
- Conand, C. J. M. B. (1993). Reproductive biology of the holothurians from the major communities of the New Caledonian Lagoon. 116(3), 439-450. DOI: 10.1007/BF00350061
- Costelloe, J. (1988). Reproductive cycle, development and recruitment of two geographically separated populations of the dendrochirote holothurian Aslia lefevrei. Marine Biology, 99(4), 535-545. DOI: 10.1007/BF00392561
- Despalatovic, M., Grubelic, I., Simunovic, A., Antolic, B. & Zuljevic, A. (2004). Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K.(84), 409-414. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315404009361h
- Despalatović, M., Grubelić, I., Šimunović, A., Antolić, B. & Žuljević, A. (2003). New data about reproduction of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata) living in geographically different places. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 12(11), 1345-1347.
- Fajardo-León, M., Suárez-Higuera, M., del Valle-Manríquez, A. & Hernández-López, A. (2008). Biología reproductiva del pepino de mar Parastichopus parvimensis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) de Isla Natividad y Bahía Tortugas, Baja California Sur, México. Ciencias Marinas, 34(2), 165-177. DOI: 10.7773/cm.v34i2.1334 McEuen, F. (1988). Spawning behaviors of northeast Pacific sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata). Marine Biology, 98(4), 565-585. DOI: 10.1007/BF00391548
- MGM. (2018). 1970-2018 Aylara göre Ege Denizi Deniz Suyu Ort. Sıcaklıkları (°C). Retrieved 10.12.2018, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. http://212.174.109.9/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/Ege-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf
- Navarro, P. G., García-Sanz, S. & Tuya, F. (2012). Reproductive biology of the sea cucumber Holothuria sanctori (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Scientia Marina, 76(4), 741-752.
- Purcell, S. W. (2014). Value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers. PloS one, 9(4), e95075. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095075
- Purcell, S. W., Conand, C., Uthicke, S. & Byrne, M. (2016). Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 54, 367-386. DOI: 10.1201/9781315368597-8
- Purcell, S. W., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J. F., Toral‐Granda, M. V., Lovatelli, A. & Uthicke, S. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14(1), 34-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2019). Artificial reproduction of Holothuria polii: A new candidate for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 498, 444–453. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.060
- Ramofafia, C., Gervis, M. & Bell, J. (1995). Spawning and early larval rearing of Holothuria atra. South Pacific Commission Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 7, 2-6. Roberts, J. M. & Ekman, D. J. S. h. (2012). The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria. 9(6), 562-567. DOI: 10.1071/SH10140
- Sellem, F., Graja, S. & Brahmi, Z. (2017). Données biologiques et valeur nutritive de la paroi d’Holothuria polii (Delle chiaje, 1823)(Holothuroidea aspidochirotida) des îles Kerkennah (golfe de Gabes, Tunisie).
- Slimane-Tamacha, F., Soualili, D. L. & Mezali, K. (2019). Reproductive biology of Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from Oran Bay, Algeria.
- Tolon, T. (2017). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of the juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) and Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1923). FEB-Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(6), 3930–3935.
- Toscano, A., Cirino, P. J. T. J. o. F. & Sciences, A. (2018). First Evidence of Artificial Fission in two Mediterranean Species of Holothurians: Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii. 18(10), 1141-1145.
- TURKSTAT. (2019). Sea Cucumber Trade. Available from TURKSTAT Foreign Trade Statistics Retrieved 14.06.2019, Turkish Statistics Institute https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/
- Tuwo, A. & Conand, C. (1992). Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72(4), 745-758. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315400060021
- Valls, A. (2004). Natural spawning observation of Holothuria tubulosa. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 19, 40.
- Wolkenhauer, S.-M., Uthicke, S., Burridge, C., Skewes, T. & Pitcher, R. J. J. o. t. M. B. A. o. t. U. K. (2010). The ecological role of Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) within subtropical seagrass beds. 90(2), 215-223. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315409990518
- WoRMS. (2018). Holothuria Linnaeus, 1767. Retrieved from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123456, (2018)Zar, J. J. I., London. (1996). Biostatistical analysis–Prentice–Hall International
Ege Denizi’nde (Akdeniz) Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) türü deniz hıyarının yumurtlama dönemindeki gonad gelişimi
Abstract
Holothuria polii türünün de dahil olduğu Akdeniz’de yaşayan deniz hıyarları uzak doğu ülkeleri tüketicilerinin yoğun talebi karşısında uluslararası ticarette önem kazanmışlardır. Son yıllarda deniz hıyarı avcılığı bölgedeki balıkçılar için iyi bir gelir kaynağı olmakla birlikte aşırı avcılık nedeniyle doğal stokları tehlike altına girmiştir. Bu anlamda av düzenlemeleri ve yetiştiricilik çalışmaları doğal stokların korunmasında önemli önlemlerdir. Bu girişimlerin tümü türün bölgeler arasında farklılıklar gösteren üreme biyolojisini temel almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ege Denizi’nin doğu kıyılarındaki (İzmir, Türkiye) H.polii türü deniz hıyarlarının morfolojik özellikleri, gonadosomatic indeksi ve gonad gelişim evrelerini içeren üreme biyolojisi, Temmuz-Ekim 2018 arasındaki üreme (yumurtlama) döneminde incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, ortalama ağırlıkları 120,60 ± 19,56 g olan 60 deniz hıyarının gonad ve gonad kesitleri makroskobik ve histolojik incelemelerle gözlenmiştir. Yumurtlama dönemindeki H.polii ergin bireylerinin gonad tübüllerinin histolojik incelemesinde olgun (III), yumurtlama (IV) ve yumurtlama sonrası (V) olmak üzere üç gonad gelişim evresi tanımlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar her iki cinsiyetteki deniz hıyarı gonadlarının Temmuz ayında olgun ve yumurtlama aşamasında, Ekim ayında ise yumurtlama sonrası aşamada olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Türün yumurtlama dönemi başında (Temmuz) ortalama gonad ağırlığı 12,53 ± 1,33 g iken, yumurtlama dönemi sonunda (Ekim) 1,87 ± 0,58 g olarak kaydedilmiştir. Gonadosomatik index ise %17,53 ± 0,02 (Temmuz)’den yumurtlama sonrası aşamada (Ekim) %3.,37 ± 0,01’e düşmüştür. Gonadosomatik indeks, gonad ağırlığı ve yumurtlama döneminin deniz suyu sıcaklığı ile doğru yönlü ve önemli bir etkileşim içinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucuna göre, H.polii türü deniz hıyarının Ege Denizi’nin doğu kıyılarındaki yumurtlama dönemi Temmuz ayında başlayıp, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında yoğun olarak devam etmekte ve Ekim ayında tamamen son bulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak türün yumurtlama dönemindeki üreme biyolojisine ilişkin elde edilen veriler hem stok yönetiminde hem de yetiştiricilik çalışmalarında yol gösterici niteliktedir.
Keywords
Akdeniz deniz hıyarı üreme biyolojisi gonad gelişim evreleri gonadosomatik indeks Holothuria polii
References
- Asha, P. & Muthiah, P. J. A. I. (2008). Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. 16(3), 231-242. DOI: 10.1007/s10499-007-9140-z
- Bardanis, E. & Batjakas, I., 2018). Reproductive cycle of Holothuria poli in Gera Gulf, Lesvos Island, Greece. 3rd International Congress on Applied Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment.
- Belbachir, N.-E. & Mezali, K. (2018). Food preferences of four aspidochirotid holothurians species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) inhabiting the Posidonia oceanica meadow of Mostaganem area (Algeria).
- Bulteel, P., Jangoux, M. & Coulon, P. (1992). Biometry, bathymetric distribution, and reproductive cycle of the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass beds. Marine Ecology, 13(1), 53-62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1992.tb00339.x
- Conand, C. (1981). Sexual cycle of three commercially important holothurian species (Echinodermata) from the lagoon of New Caledonia. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31(3), 523-543.
- Conand, C. J. M. B. (1993). Reproductive biology of the holothurians from the major communities of the New Caledonian Lagoon. 116(3), 439-450. DOI: 10.1007/BF00350061
- Costelloe, J. (1988). Reproductive cycle, development and recruitment of two geographically separated populations of the dendrochirote holothurian Aslia lefevrei. Marine Biology, 99(4), 535-545. DOI: 10.1007/BF00392561
- Despalatovic, M., Grubelic, I., Simunovic, A., Antolic, B. & Zuljevic, A. (2004). Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K.(84), 409-414. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315404009361h
- Despalatović, M., Grubelić, I., Šimunović, A., Antolić, B. & Žuljević, A. (2003). New data about reproduction of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata) living in geographically different places. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 12(11), 1345-1347.
- Fajardo-León, M., Suárez-Higuera, M., del Valle-Manríquez, A. & Hernández-López, A. (2008). Biología reproductiva del pepino de mar Parastichopus parvimensis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) de Isla Natividad y Bahía Tortugas, Baja California Sur, México. Ciencias Marinas, 34(2), 165-177. DOI: 10.7773/cm.v34i2.1334 McEuen, F. (1988). Spawning behaviors of northeast Pacific sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata). Marine Biology, 98(4), 565-585. DOI: 10.1007/BF00391548
- MGM. (2018). 1970-2018 Aylara göre Ege Denizi Deniz Suyu Ort. Sıcaklıkları (°C). Retrieved 10.12.2018, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. http://212.174.109.9/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/Ege-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf
- Navarro, P. G., García-Sanz, S. & Tuya, F. (2012). Reproductive biology of the sea cucumber Holothuria sanctori (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Scientia Marina, 76(4), 741-752.
- Purcell, S. W. (2014). Value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers. PloS one, 9(4), e95075. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095075
- Purcell, S. W., Conand, C., Uthicke, S. & Byrne, M. (2016). Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 54, 367-386. DOI: 10.1201/9781315368597-8
- Purcell, S. W., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J. F., Toral‐Granda, M. V., Lovatelli, A. & Uthicke, S. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14(1), 34-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x
- Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. (2019). Artificial reproduction of Holothuria polii: A new candidate for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 498, 444–453. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.060
- Ramofafia, C., Gervis, M. & Bell, J. (1995). Spawning and early larval rearing of Holothuria atra. South Pacific Commission Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 7, 2-6. Roberts, J. M. & Ekman, D. J. S. h. (2012). The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria. 9(6), 562-567. DOI: 10.1071/SH10140
- Sellem, F., Graja, S. & Brahmi, Z. (2017). Données biologiques et valeur nutritive de la paroi d’Holothuria polii (Delle chiaje, 1823)(Holothuroidea aspidochirotida) des îles Kerkennah (golfe de Gabes, Tunisie).
- Slimane-Tamacha, F., Soualili, D. L. & Mezali, K. (2019). Reproductive biology of Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from Oran Bay, Algeria.
- Tolon, T. (2017). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of the juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) and Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1923). FEB-Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(6), 3930–3935.
- Toscano, A., Cirino, P. J. T. J. o. F. & Sciences, A. (2018). First Evidence of Artificial Fission in two Mediterranean Species of Holothurians: Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii. 18(10), 1141-1145.
- TURKSTAT. (2019). Sea Cucumber Trade. Available from TURKSTAT Foreign Trade Statistics Retrieved 14.06.2019, Turkish Statistics Institute https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/
- Tuwo, A. & Conand, C. (1992). Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72(4), 745-758. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315400060021
- Valls, A. (2004). Natural spawning observation of Holothuria tubulosa. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 19, 40.
- Wolkenhauer, S.-M., Uthicke, S., Burridge, C., Skewes, T. & Pitcher, R. J. J. o. t. M. B. A. o. t. U. K. (2010). The ecological role of Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) within subtropical seagrass beds. 90(2), 215-223. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315409990518
- WoRMS. (2018). Holothuria Linnaeus, 1767. Retrieved from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123456, (2018)Zar, J. J. I., London. (1996). Biostatistical analysis–Prentice–Hall International
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Zoology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 24, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 36 Issue: 4 |