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The Situation of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the Düzce Province of Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 67 - 80, 04.07.2019

Öz



Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is an invasive alien species in many areas where it has been introduced other than its native range, which
affects negatively biological diversity and ecosystem services. It has spread
abundantly in East Blacksea and Trace regions, and partly in Middle Blacksea
for the last 10 years although its existence has been known in Turkey since
1990s. This study was conducted to determine common ragweed populations in the
Düzce Province in the west part of the Blacksea Region where is located in
between two common ragweed invaded areas. Fourtyone  populations of common ragweed is determined,
which are all in roadsides and empty areas except one. The size of habitats
invaded by common ragweed varied between 1 m2 and 4375 m2
and two third of a habitat as an average was covered with common ragweed. In
the communities with common ragweed populations, 23 plant species belongs to 15
families were determined. Conyza sp. was the most distributed species,
which has seen in 18 out of 38 communities. The following species to Conyza
as the most distributed species were the alien species for Turkey as well and
had importance as weed and/or invasive alien species in other countries as well
as Turkey. It is possible that common ragweed might invade agricultural areas
in the Düzce Province although it was not determined in agricultural areas in
the province. It is thought that common ragweed had been introduced in Düzce in
1999 earthquake with aids came from overseas or international and national
transport activities, and then it naturalized and spread due to disturbed
habitats after the earthquake. It is shown with the populations determined in
Düzce that  common ragweed can be seen
any suitable habitat from east to west through the north of Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Afonin, A. N., Luneva, N. N., Fedorova, Y. A., Kletchkovskiy, Y. E., & Chebanovskaya, A. F. (2018). History of introduction and distribution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the European part of the Russian Federation and in the Ukraine. EPPO Bulletin, 48(2), 266-273.Akyol, N. (2015). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.'nin Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yaygınlığı ve Çimlenme Biyolojisi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi.Bıçakçı A, Altunoğlu MK, Biliflik A, Çelenk S, Cantez Y, Malyer H., Sapan N.(2009). Türkiye’nin atmosferik polenleri. Asthma Allergy Immunol, 7:11-17.Bullock J., Chapman D., Schaffer S., Roy D., Girardello M., Haynes T. (2012). Assessing and controlling the spread and the effects of common ragweed in Europe (ENV.B2/ETU/2010/0037). European Commission, Final Report.Byfield A.J., Baytop A. (1998). Three alien species new to the flora of Turkey. Turk. J. Botany 22, 205–208.CABI. (2018). Datasheet, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). Genelağda: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/4691#DA57C706-F74F-407F-8431-B59709BE6112 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018)CABI. (2019a). Chenopodium albüm (fat hen). Invasive Species Compendium. Internette: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/12648 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2019).CABI. (2019b). Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Internette: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50540 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2019).CABI. (2019c). https://www.cabi.org/.Connor S. E., Thomas I., Kvavadze E. V. (2007). A 5600-yr history of changing vegetation, sea levels and human impacts from the Black Sea coast of Georgia. The Holocene, 17(1), 25-36.Cunze S., Leiblein M. C., Tackenberg O. (2013). Range expansion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe is promoted by climate change. ISRN Ecology, 2013.COST Action. (2016). COST Action FA1203, Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe, Fınal Achıevement Report , (19/11/2012 – 18/11/2016).Domonkos Z., Szabo V. S., Farkas A., Pinke G., Reisinger P., Enzsöl E., Peter, T. Study of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Žitný ostrov (Slovakia) and Szigetköz (Hungary) in 2015. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850], September, 2(9). Domonkos Z., Szabo V. S., Farkas A., Pinke G., Reisinger P., VEREŠ, T., Peter, T. Ó. T. H. (2017). Spread of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) on arable land in the Žitný ostrov. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 18(1).Düzce Belediyesi (2018). Coğrafi Yapısı. Genelağda: http://www.duzce.bel.tr/ detay.asp?id=2152 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018)EPPO. (2018). Ambrosia artemisiifolia(AMBEL), Categorization. Genelağda: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/AMBEL/categorization (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018).Essl F., Biró K., Brandes D., Broennimann O., Bullock J. M., Chapman D. S., Karrer G. (2015). Biological flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Journal of Ecology, 103(4), 1069-1098.Fumanal B., Chauvel B., Bretagnolle, F. (2007). Estimation of pollen and seed production of common ragweed in France. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 14(2).Gladieux P., Giraud T., Kiss, L., Genton B. J., Jonot O., Shykoff J. A. (2011). Distinct invasion sources of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Eastern and Western Europe. Biological Invasions, 13(4), 933-944.Holm L. G., J. V. Pancho Herberger J. P., Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. P:389Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V., Herberger J. P. (1977). The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University press of Hawaii. 621 sayfa.Inci D., Uludağ A., Alkhatıb, K. (2018). Türkiye’de artan tehdit: Conyza spp. Uluslararası Katılımlı Türkiye VII. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 14-17 Kasım.IRS. (2018). International Ragweed Society. Genelağda: http://internationalragweedsociety.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018)Kazinczi G., Béres I., Novák R., Bíró K., Pathy Z. (2008a). Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): a review with special regards to the results in Hungary. I. Taxonomy, origin and distribution, morphology, life cycle and reproduction strategy. Herbologia, 9(1), 55-91.Kazinczi G., Béres I., Pathy Z., Novák R. (2008b). Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.): a review with special regards to the results in Hungary: II. Importance and harmful effect, allergy, habitat, allelopathy and beneficial characteristics. Herbologia, 9(1), 93-118.Lommen S. T., Hallmann C. A., Jongejans E., Chauvel B., Leitsch-Vitalos, M., Aleksanyan, A., ... & Tokarska-Guzik, B. (2018). Explaining variability in the production of seed and allergenic pollen by invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia across Europe. Biological Invasions, 20(6), 1475-1491.Mamedov N., Mehdiyeva N. P., Craker L. E. (2015). Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of the Caucasus and North America. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants, 4(3), 42-66.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.Nitzsche J. (2010). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Beifuß-Ambrosie) in Deutschland Biologie der Art, Konkurrenzverhalten und Monitoring. Braunschweig: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig. p 379. Ortmans W., Mahy G., Chauvel B., Monty, A. (2016). Performance variation of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) across invasion levels in Western Europe. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 220, 134-141.Önen H., Gunal H., Ozcan S. (2013). Invasion status of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Turkey. In: Proceedings of the 4th ESENIAS Workshop: International Workshop on IAS in Agricultural and Non‐Agricultural Areas in ESENIAS Region Çanakkale, Turkey, 16–17 December Önen H., Gunal H., Ozcan S. (2014). The Black Sea highway: the route of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) invasion in Turkey. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biological Invasions from Understanding to Action Antalya, Turkey Önen H., Farooq S., Gunal H., Ozaslan C., Erdem H. (2017). Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion. Weed Science, 65(1), 115-127.Özaslan C., Önen H.Farooq S., Günal H., Akyol N. (2016). Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey. Weed Biology and Management 16, 42–55. R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.Reisinger P. (1992). Talajtulajdonságok és a gyomnövények kapcsolata. Acta Ovariensis 34 (2): 17–23.Slodowicz D., Kikodze D., Khutsishvili M., Kalatozishvili L., Müller-Schärer, H. (2018a). Monitoring invasive alien plants in Protected Areas in Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences.Slodowicz D., Descombes P., Kikodze D., Broennimann O., Müller‐Schärer H. (2018b). Areas of high conservation value at risk by plant invaders in Georgia under climate change. Ecology and evolution, 8(9), 4431-4442.SSDS-USDA (2017). Soil survey manual. United States Department of Agriculture handbook No. 18. 603 sayfa. ABD.Uludağ A., Ocak Y., Şahin M., Polat F., Işık D. (2009). Bazi istilâcı yabancı bitki türlerinin Türkiye’deki durumu. Proceedings of the Third Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 15-18 July.Uludağ A., Ruşen M., Ertürk E. Y. ve Üremiş İ. (2013). İstilâcı yabancı bitkilerin Türkiye’ye girişinde ve yayılmasında süs bitkilerinin muhtemel yeri ve önleyici faaliyetler. V. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi, 06-09 Mayıs, Yalova, 845-851.Uludağ A. (2015). "Robinia pseudoacacia L.", Türkiye İstilacı Bitkiler Kataloğu, Hüseyin Önen, Ed., Gıda, Tarım Ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, S:450-457.Uludag A., Vladimirov V., Aksoy N., Anastasiu P., Economou G.,Gavriil, E., Konstantinovic B., Rat M., Karrer G. (2016). Distribution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in ESENIAS area sayfa 173 in Biological Invasions: Interactions with Environmental Change. Book of abstracts. NEOBIOTA 2016 - 9th International Conference on Biological Invasions. Vianden, Luxembourg, 14-16 September.Uludağ A., Aksoy N., Yazlık A., Arslan Z.F., Yazmış E., Üremiş I., Cossu, T.A., Groom Q., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Brundu G. (2017). Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota 35: 61-85.Uluğ E, Kadıoğlu İ, Üremiş İ. (1993). Türkiye’nin yabancı otları ve bazı özellikleri. TKB Adana Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, Yayın No:78, 513 s., Adana.Urbanowicz C., Hutyra L.R., Stınson K.A. (2018). The effects of urbanization and land use on ragweed distribution. ECOPHERE, 9(12).Yazlık A, Pergl J., Pyšek P (2018) Impact of alien plants in Turkey assessed by the Generic Impact Scoring System. NeoBiota 39: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.23598.

Düzce İlindeki Arsız Zaylan (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Populasyonlarının Durumu

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 67 - 80, 04.07.2019

Öz



Ambrosia artemisiifolia (arsız zaylan) anavatanı dışında girdiği birçok yerde biyolojik
çeşitliliği ve ekosistem hizmetlerini etkileyen istilâcı yabancı bitki
türlerinden biridir. Türkiye’de de varlığı 1990’lı yıllardan beri bilinmekle
beraber son 10 yılda belirgin bir şekilde Doğu Karadeniz ve Trakya yörelerinde,
kısmen Orta Karadenizde yayılmıştır. İki yayılım arasında kalan Karadenizin
batısındaki Düzce İlindeki popülasyonlarını belirlemek ve bu popülasyonlarla
ilgili bilgileri ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Biri hâriç
tamamı yol kenarları ve boş alanlarda olmak üzere  41 populasyon tespit edilmiştir.
Popülasyonlar 1 m2- 4375 m2 arasındaki boyutlarda
habitatlarda görülmüş,  arsız zaylan
alanların ortalama üçte ikisini kaplamıştır. Bu popülasyonların bulunduğu komunitelerde
15 familyadan 23 bitki türü tespit edilmiştir. 
Komunitelerin 18’inde tespit edilen pireotu en yaygın türdür. Bunu tâkip
eden diğer yaygın türler de pireotu gibi Türkiye için yabancı bitkilerdir ve
başka yerlerde ve Türkiye’de yabancıot ve/veya istilâcı yabancı bitki olarak
önem arzetmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Düzce’de tarım alanlarında tespit edilmemiş
olan arsız zaylanın ilde daha da yayılarak tarım alanlarına da geçmesi
mümkündür. Arsız zaylanın Düzce’ye 1999 depremi sonrası yurtdışından gelen
yardımlarla veya ülkeler ve şehirler arası taşımacılık faaliyetleri ile gelmiş
olabileceği ve deprem sonrası birçok habitatın tahrip olması sonucu ilde
yerleşip yayıldığı  kanısına varılmıştır.
Düzce’deki popülasyonlarla beraber arsız zaylanın doğu batı istikametinde
Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde her alanda görülebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Afonin, A. N., Luneva, N. N., Fedorova, Y. A., Kletchkovskiy, Y. E., & Chebanovskaya, A. F. (2018). History of introduction and distribution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the European part of the Russian Federation and in the Ukraine. EPPO Bulletin, 48(2), 266-273.Akyol, N. (2015). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.'nin Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yaygınlığı ve Çimlenme Biyolojisi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi.Bıçakçı A, Altunoğlu MK, Biliflik A, Çelenk S, Cantez Y, Malyer H., Sapan N.(2009). Türkiye’nin atmosferik polenleri. Asthma Allergy Immunol, 7:11-17.Bullock J., Chapman D., Schaffer S., Roy D., Girardello M., Haynes T. (2012). Assessing and controlling the spread and the effects of common ragweed in Europe (ENV.B2/ETU/2010/0037). European Commission, Final Report.Byfield A.J., Baytop A. (1998). Three alien species new to the flora of Turkey. Turk. J. Botany 22, 205–208.CABI. (2018). Datasheet, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). Genelağda: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/4691#DA57C706-F74F-407F-8431-B59709BE6112 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018)CABI. (2019a). Chenopodium albüm (fat hen). Invasive Species Compendium. Internette: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/12648 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2019).CABI. (2019b). Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Internette: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50540 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2019).CABI. (2019c). https://www.cabi.org/.Connor S. E., Thomas I., Kvavadze E. V. (2007). A 5600-yr history of changing vegetation, sea levels and human impacts from the Black Sea coast of Georgia. The Holocene, 17(1), 25-36.Cunze S., Leiblein M. C., Tackenberg O. (2013). Range expansion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe is promoted by climate change. ISRN Ecology, 2013.COST Action. (2016). COST Action FA1203, Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe, Fınal Achıevement Report , (19/11/2012 – 18/11/2016).Domonkos Z., Szabo V. S., Farkas A., Pinke G., Reisinger P., Enzsöl E., Peter, T. Study of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Žitný ostrov (Slovakia) and Szigetköz (Hungary) in 2015. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850], September, 2(9). Domonkos Z., Szabo V. S., Farkas A., Pinke G., Reisinger P., VEREŠ, T., Peter, T. Ó. T. H. (2017). Spread of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) on arable land in the Žitný ostrov. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 18(1).Düzce Belediyesi (2018). Coğrafi Yapısı. Genelağda: http://www.duzce.bel.tr/ detay.asp?id=2152 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018)EPPO. (2018). Ambrosia artemisiifolia(AMBEL), Categorization. Genelağda: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/AMBEL/categorization (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018).Essl F., Biró K., Brandes D., Broennimann O., Bullock J. M., Chapman D. S., Karrer G. (2015). Biological flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Journal of Ecology, 103(4), 1069-1098.Fumanal B., Chauvel B., Bretagnolle, F. (2007). Estimation of pollen and seed production of common ragweed in France. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 14(2).Gladieux P., Giraud T., Kiss, L., Genton B. J., Jonot O., Shykoff J. A. (2011). Distinct invasion sources of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Eastern and Western Europe. Biological Invasions, 13(4), 933-944.Holm L. G., J. V. Pancho Herberger J. P., Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. P:389Holm L. G., Plucknett D. L., Pancho J. V., Herberger J. P. (1977). The world's worst weeds. Distribution and biology. University press of Hawaii. 621 sayfa.Inci D., Uludağ A., Alkhatıb, K. (2018). Türkiye’de artan tehdit: Conyza spp. Uluslararası Katılımlı Türkiye VII. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 14-17 Kasım.IRS. (2018). International Ragweed Society. Genelağda: http://internationalragweedsociety.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018)Kazinczi G., Béres I., Novák R., Bíró K., Pathy Z. (2008a). Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): a review with special regards to the results in Hungary. I. Taxonomy, origin and distribution, morphology, life cycle and reproduction strategy. Herbologia, 9(1), 55-91.Kazinczi G., Béres I., Pathy Z., Novák R. (2008b). Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.): a review with special regards to the results in Hungary: II. Importance and harmful effect, allergy, habitat, allelopathy and beneficial characteristics. Herbologia, 9(1), 93-118.Lommen S. T., Hallmann C. A., Jongejans E., Chauvel B., Leitsch-Vitalos, M., Aleksanyan, A., ... & Tokarska-Guzik, B. (2018). Explaining variability in the production of seed and allergenic pollen by invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia across Europe. Biological Invasions, 20(6), 1475-1491.Mamedov N., Mehdiyeva N. P., Craker L. E. (2015). Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of the Caucasus and North America. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants, 4(3), 42-66.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.Nitzsche J. (2010). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Beifuß-Ambrosie) in Deutschland Biologie der Art, Konkurrenzverhalten und Monitoring. Braunschweig: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig. p 379. Ortmans W., Mahy G., Chauvel B., Monty, A. (2016). Performance variation of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) across invasion levels in Western Europe. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 220, 134-141.Önen H., Gunal H., Ozcan S. (2013). Invasion status of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Turkey. In: Proceedings of the 4th ESENIAS Workshop: International Workshop on IAS in Agricultural and Non‐Agricultural Areas in ESENIAS Region Çanakkale, Turkey, 16–17 December Önen H., Gunal H., Ozcan S. (2014). The Black Sea highway: the route of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) invasion in Turkey. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biological Invasions from Understanding to Action Antalya, Turkey Önen H., Farooq S., Gunal H., Ozaslan C., Erdem H. (2017). Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion. Weed Science, 65(1), 115-127.Özaslan C., Önen H.Farooq S., Günal H., Akyol N. (2016). Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey. Weed Biology and Management 16, 42–55. R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.Reisinger P. (1992). Talajtulajdonságok és a gyomnövények kapcsolata. Acta Ovariensis 34 (2): 17–23.Slodowicz D., Kikodze D., Khutsishvili M., Kalatozishvili L., Müller-Schärer, H. (2018a). Monitoring invasive alien plants in Protected Areas in Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences.Slodowicz D., Descombes P., Kikodze D., Broennimann O., Müller‐Schärer H. (2018b). Areas of high conservation value at risk by plant invaders in Georgia under climate change. Ecology and evolution, 8(9), 4431-4442.SSDS-USDA (2017). Soil survey manual. United States Department of Agriculture handbook No. 18. 603 sayfa. ABD.Uludağ A., Ocak Y., Şahin M., Polat F., Işık D. (2009). Bazi istilâcı yabancı bitki türlerinin Türkiye’deki durumu. Proceedings of the Third Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 15-18 July.Uludağ A., Ruşen M., Ertürk E. Y. ve Üremiş İ. (2013). İstilâcı yabancı bitkilerin Türkiye’ye girişinde ve yayılmasında süs bitkilerinin muhtemel yeri ve önleyici faaliyetler. V. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi, 06-09 Mayıs, Yalova, 845-851.Uludağ A. (2015). "Robinia pseudoacacia L.", Türkiye İstilacı Bitkiler Kataloğu, Hüseyin Önen, Ed., Gıda, Tarım Ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, S:450-457.Uludag A., Vladimirov V., Aksoy N., Anastasiu P., Economou G.,Gavriil, E., Konstantinovic B., Rat M., Karrer G. (2016). Distribution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in ESENIAS area sayfa 173 in Biological Invasions: Interactions with Environmental Change. Book of abstracts. NEOBIOTA 2016 - 9th International Conference on Biological Invasions. Vianden, Luxembourg, 14-16 September.Uludağ A., Aksoy N., Yazlık A., Arslan Z.F., Yazmış E., Üremiş I., Cossu, T.A., Groom Q., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Brundu G. (2017). Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota 35: 61-85.Uluğ E, Kadıoğlu İ, Üremiş İ. (1993). Türkiye’nin yabancı otları ve bazı özellikleri. TKB Adana Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, Yayın No:78, 513 s., Adana.Urbanowicz C., Hutyra L.R., Stınson K.A. (2018). The effects of urbanization and land use on ragweed distribution. ECOPHERE, 9(12).Yazlık A, Pergl J., Pyšek P (2018) Impact of alien plants in Turkey assessed by the Generic Impact Scoring System. NeoBiota 39: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.23598.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şadiye Zambak

Ahmet Uludağ

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2019
Kabul Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Zambak, Ş., & Uludağ, A. (2019). Düzce İlindeki Arsız Zaylan (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Populasyonlarının Durumu. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 22(1), 67-80.

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