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Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 211 - 222, 30.04.2023

Uğur Oran Ahmet Evren Erginal

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1220278

Öz

This study discusses the results of ecological risk analysis of sediments taken from Kilitbahir Port, one of the most active ports along the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). ICP-MS analyses of the collected samples revealed moderate enrichment in Mo, Cu, and Zn in relation to anthropogenic activities in the studied sediments. The compatibility of the geoaccumulation and enrichment factor data indicates that the pollution is anthropogenic. No significant toxic risk was detected, although Mo is the most enriched potentially toxic element. The ecological risk determined in terms of Hg and Cd is likely to be related to oil and fuel leaks caused by marine vessels passing to/from the Kilitbahir port and road traffic moving over the study area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çanakkale ecological risk Kilitbahir Port potentially toxic element

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Proje Numarası

SYL-2021-3521

Teşekkür

This research includes the master thesis data of the first author and was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Unit, within the scope of the graduate thesis project number SYL-2021-3521. We thank Serkan Kükrer and Şakir Fural for their valuable support in the analyses and Erdal Öztura for the sampling studies. We would like to thank the referees, chief editor Prof. Dr. Erdinç Yiğitbaş and co-editors for their constructive criticism and suggestions.

Kaynakça

  • Akarsu, T. (2021). Çanakkale Kentsel Gelişim Alanı Boyunca Sarıçay’ın Ekolojik Risk Analizi ve Coğrafya Öğretmeni Adaylarının Görüşleri [Unpublished Msc Thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Ünivesitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Akarsu, T., Kükrer, S. & Erginal, A. E. (2022). Trace metal-induced ecological risk analysis of Sarıçay River sediments, Çanakkale, NW Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 9(2): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.989882
  • Ashayeri, N. Y. & Keshavarzi, B. (2019). Geochemical characteristics, partitioning, quantitative source apportionment, and ecological and health risk of heavy metals in sediments and water: A case study in Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, Article 110495.
  • Baba, A. & Deniz, O. (2004). Effect of warfare waste on soil: a case study of Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey). International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 22(6): 657-675.
  • Botello, A. V., Villanueva, F. S., Rivera, R. F., Velandia, A. L. & de la Lanza, G. E. (2018). Analysis and Tendencies of Metals and POPs in a Sediment Core from the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS), Veracruz, Mexico. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75(1): 157-173.
  • Brady, J. P., Ayoko, G. A., Martens, W. N. & Goonetilleke, A. (2015). Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, Article 306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4563-x
  • Chen, Z., Huang, B., Hu, W., Wang, W., Muhammad, I., Lu, Q., Jing, G. & Zhang, Z. (2021). Ecological-health risks assessment and source identification of heavy metals in typical greenhouse vegetable production systems in Northwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31): 42583-42595.
  • Çayır, A., Coşkun, M. & Coşkun, M. (2012). Evaluation of metal concentrations in mussel M. galloprovincialis in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey in regard of safe human consumption. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,89(1): 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0658-z
  • Demir, N. & Akkuş, G. (2018). Çanakkale Boğazı (Kepez) Midye (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819) Örneklerinde Ağır Metal ve Antioksidan Enzim Düzeylerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4): 659–666.
  • Duodu, G. O., Goonetilleke, A. & Ayoko, G. A. (2017). Potential bioavailability assessment, source apportionment and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment of Brisbane River estuary, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 117(1): 523-531.
  • Fural, Ş., Kukrer, S., Curebal, I. & Aykir, D. (2021a). Spatial distribution, environmental risk assessment, and source identification of potentially toxic metals in Atikhisar dam, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 268, 1-16.
  • Fural, Ş. & Kükrer, S. (2021b). Sulak alanlarda potansiyel toksik element (PTE) kaynaklı bölgesel ekolojik risk araştırmalarında kullanılan analitik metotlar. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 77, 211-222.
  • Güven, K. S. & Ilgar, R. (2002). Oil and detergent pollution on coastal areas of Dardanelles in 1996-1997. Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences 8(1): 3-8.
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14, 975-1001.
  • Ilgar, R., Güven, K. & Güven, K. C. (2007). Çanakkale Boğazı Petrol Kirlilik Düzeyinin Saptanması. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi (15), 117-130.
  • Ilgar, R. (2008). Çanakkale Boğazı Fiziki Coğrafyası. Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Ilgar, R. (2015). Çanakkale Boğazındaki Gemi Hareketliliği ve Kaza Risk Haritasının Belirlenmesi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 65, 1-10.
  • Jahan, S. & Strezov, V. (2018). Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 298–306.
  • Jeong, H., Choi, Y. J., Lim, J., Shim, J. W., Kim, Y. O. & Ra, K. (2020). Characterization of the contribution of road deposited sediments to the contamination of the close marine environment with trace metals: Case of the port city of Busan (South Korea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 161, Article 111717.
  • Kaya, H., Akbulut, M., Selvi, K., Ileri, B. & Duysak, M. (2014). Heavy Metal Accumulation, Biomarker Responses and Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress in Isopoda Asellus aquaticus from Saricay Creek (Canakkale-Turkey). Ekoloji, 23, 8-15.
  • Kılıç, A. & Sanal, H. T. (2015). Çanakkale Boğazı’nda Karaya Oturmayla Sonuçlanan Gemi Kazaları. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(2): 38-50.
  • Koçum, E. & Dursun, O. (2007). Monitoring of phytoplankton biomass and nutrients in a polluted stream. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 29(4), 505-517.
  • MacDonald, D., Carr, R., Calder, F. & Long, E. (1997). Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters. Ecotoxicology, 5, 253-278.
  • MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C. & Berger, T. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39, 20-31.
  • Müller, G. (1969). Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine river. Geojournal 2, 108 -118.
  • Özden, S. (2013). Gelibolu Yarımadası ve Saroz Körfezi Kıyılarında Askıda Katı Madde, sediment, Mytilus galloprovincialis ve Ulva rigida’da Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Araştırılması [Unpublished, PhD Thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Anabilim Dalı.
  • Özden, S. & Tunçer, S. (2015). Ulva rigida’daki Ağır Metal (Pb, Cu, Zn ve Fe) Düzeyleri (Dardanel, Çanakkale). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 35-42.
  • Özkan, E. Y., Fural, Ş., Kükrer, S. & Büyükışık, H. B. (2022). Seasonal and spatial variations of ecological risk from potential toxic elements in the southern littoral zone of İzmir Inner Gulf, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 62669–62689.
  • Palas, S. (2020). Aliağa Körfezi Geç Kuvaterner-Güncel yüzey sedimanlarında ağır metal birikiminin incelenmesi. MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni, 29, 29-48.
  • Rogan Šmuc, N, Dolenec, M., Kramar, S. & Mladenović, A. (2018). Heavy metal signature and environmental assessment of nearshore sediments: Port of Koper (Northern Adriatic Sea). Geosciences, 8, 398.
  • Sutherland, R.A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39, 611- 627.
  • Ustunada, M., Erduğan, H., Yılmaz, S., Akgul, R. & Aysel, V. (2011). Seasonal concentrations of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) in Ulva rigida J. Agardh (Chlorophyta) from Dardanelles (Canakkale, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 177(1-4), 337-342.
  • Zhang, L., Ye, X., Feng, H., Jing, Y., Ouyang, T. & Yu, X. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 974-982.
  • Zhang, G., Bai, J. & Zhao, Q. (2016). Heavy metals in wetland soils along a wetland-forming chronose quence in the Yellow River Delta of China: Levels, sources and toxic risks. Ecological Indicators, 69, 331–339.

Kilitbahir Limanının Potansiyel Toksik Element Kaynaklı Ekolojik Rİsk Değerlendirmesi, Çanakkale, Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 211 - 222, 30.04.2023

Uğur Oran Ahmet Evren Erginal

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1220278

Öz

Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Boğazı boyunca en aktif limanlardan biri olan Kilitbahir Limanı'ndan alınan sedimanların ekolojik risk analizi sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Liman ve çevresinden alınan numunelerden elde edilen ICP-MS analiz sonuçlarına göre Mo, Cu ve Zn'de orta düzeyde zenginleşme olmasının nedeninin antropojenik aktivitelerle ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Jeoakümülasyon ve zenginleştirme faktörü verilerininde uyumluluğu, kirliliğin antropojenik olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma alanında önemli bir toksik risk tespit edilmemiş olmasına ragmen Mo potansiyel toksik element olarak en çok zenginleşmiş elementtir. Çalışmada belirlenmiş olan Hg ve Cd türündeki ekolojik riskin ise Kilitbahir limanına/limanından geçen deniz araçlarının neden olduğu yağ ve yakıt sızıntıları ile çalışma alanındaki karayolu trafiği ile ilgili olması muhtemeldir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çanakkale ekolojik risk Kilitbahir Limanı toksik element potansiyeli

Proje Numarası

SYL-2021-3521

Kaynakça

  • Akarsu, T. (2021). Çanakkale Kentsel Gelişim Alanı Boyunca Sarıçay’ın Ekolojik Risk Analizi ve Coğrafya Öğretmeni Adaylarının Görüşleri [Unpublished Msc Thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Ünivesitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Akarsu, T., Kükrer, S. & Erginal, A. E. (2022). Trace metal-induced ecological risk analysis of Sarıçay River sediments, Çanakkale, NW Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 9(2): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.989882
  • Ashayeri, N. Y. & Keshavarzi, B. (2019). Geochemical characteristics, partitioning, quantitative source apportionment, and ecological and health risk of heavy metals in sediments and water: A case study in Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, Article 110495.
  • Baba, A. & Deniz, O. (2004). Effect of warfare waste on soil: a case study of Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey). International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 22(6): 657-675.
  • Botello, A. V., Villanueva, F. S., Rivera, R. F., Velandia, A. L. & de la Lanza, G. E. (2018). Analysis and Tendencies of Metals and POPs in a Sediment Core from the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS), Veracruz, Mexico. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75(1): 157-173.
  • Brady, J. P., Ayoko, G. A., Martens, W. N. & Goonetilleke, A. (2015). Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, Article 306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4563-x
  • Chen, Z., Huang, B., Hu, W., Wang, W., Muhammad, I., Lu, Q., Jing, G. & Zhang, Z. (2021). Ecological-health risks assessment and source identification of heavy metals in typical greenhouse vegetable production systems in Northwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31): 42583-42595.
  • Çayır, A., Coşkun, M. & Coşkun, M. (2012). Evaluation of metal concentrations in mussel M. galloprovincialis in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey in regard of safe human consumption. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,89(1): 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0658-z
  • Demir, N. & Akkuş, G. (2018). Çanakkale Boğazı (Kepez) Midye (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819) Örneklerinde Ağır Metal ve Antioksidan Enzim Düzeylerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4): 659–666.
  • Duodu, G. O., Goonetilleke, A. & Ayoko, G. A. (2017). Potential bioavailability assessment, source apportionment and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment of Brisbane River estuary, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 117(1): 523-531.
  • Fural, Ş., Kukrer, S., Curebal, I. & Aykir, D. (2021a). Spatial distribution, environmental risk assessment, and source identification of potentially toxic metals in Atikhisar dam, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 268, 1-16.
  • Fural, Ş. & Kükrer, S. (2021b). Sulak alanlarda potansiyel toksik element (PTE) kaynaklı bölgesel ekolojik risk araştırmalarında kullanılan analitik metotlar. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 77, 211-222.
  • Güven, K. S. & Ilgar, R. (2002). Oil and detergent pollution on coastal areas of Dardanelles in 1996-1997. Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences 8(1): 3-8.
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14, 975-1001.
  • Ilgar, R., Güven, K. & Güven, K. C. (2007). Çanakkale Boğazı Petrol Kirlilik Düzeyinin Saptanması. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi (15), 117-130.
  • Ilgar, R. (2008). Çanakkale Boğazı Fiziki Coğrafyası. Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Ilgar, R. (2015). Çanakkale Boğazındaki Gemi Hareketliliği ve Kaza Risk Haritasının Belirlenmesi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 65, 1-10.
  • Jahan, S. & Strezov, V. (2018). Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 298–306.
  • Jeong, H., Choi, Y. J., Lim, J., Shim, J. W., Kim, Y. O. & Ra, K. (2020). Characterization of the contribution of road deposited sediments to the contamination of the close marine environment with trace metals: Case of the port city of Busan (South Korea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 161, Article 111717.
  • Kaya, H., Akbulut, M., Selvi, K., Ileri, B. & Duysak, M. (2014). Heavy Metal Accumulation, Biomarker Responses and Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress in Isopoda Asellus aquaticus from Saricay Creek (Canakkale-Turkey). Ekoloji, 23, 8-15.
  • Kılıç, A. & Sanal, H. T. (2015). Çanakkale Boğazı’nda Karaya Oturmayla Sonuçlanan Gemi Kazaları. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(2): 38-50.
  • Koçum, E. & Dursun, O. (2007). Monitoring of phytoplankton biomass and nutrients in a polluted stream. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 29(4), 505-517.
  • MacDonald, D., Carr, R., Calder, F. & Long, E. (1997). Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters. Ecotoxicology, 5, 253-278.
  • MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C. & Berger, T. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39, 20-31.
  • Müller, G. (1969). Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine river. Geojournal 2, 108 -118.
  • Özden, S. (2013). Gelibolu Yarımadası ve Saroz Körfezi Kıyılarında Askıda Katı Madde, sediment, Mytilus galloprovincialis ve Ulva rigida’da Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Araştırılması [Unpublished, PhD Thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Anabilim Dalı.
  • Özden, S. & Tunçer, S. (2015). Ulva rigida’daki Ağır Metal (Pb, Cu, Zn ve Fe) Düzeyleri (Dardanel, Çanakkale). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 35-42.
  • Özkan, E. Y., Fural, Ş., Kükrer, S. & Büyükışık, H. B. (2022). Seasonal and spatial variations of ecological risk from potential toxic elements in the southern littoral zone of İzmir Inner Gulf, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 62669–62689.
  • Palas, S. (2020). Aliağa Körfezi Geç Kuvaterner-Güncel yüzey sedimanlarında ağır metal birikiminin incelenmesi. MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni, 29, 29-48.
  • Rogan Šmuc, N, Dolenec, M., Kramar, S. & Mladenović, A. (2018). Heavy metal signature and environmental assessment of nearshore sediments: Port of Koper (Northern Adriatic Sea). Geosciences, 8, 398.
  • Sutherland, R.A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39, 611- 627.
  • Ustunada, M., Erduğan, H., Yılmaz, S., Akgul, R. & Aysel, V. (2011). Seasonal concentrations of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) in Ulva rigida J. Agardh (Chlorophyta) from Dardanelles (Canakkale, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 177(1-4), 337-342.
  • Zhang, L., Ye, X., Feng, H., Jing, Y., Ouyang, T. & Yu, X. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 974-982.
  • Zhang, G., Bai, J. & Zhao, Q. (2016). Heavy metals in wetland soils along a wetland-forming chronose quence in the Yellow River Delta of China: Levels, sources and toxic risks. Ecological Indicators, 69, 331–339.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fiziksel Coğrafya ve Çevre Jeolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Uğur Oran 0000-0001-9119-0855

Ahmet Evren Erginal 0000-0002-3112-5258

Proje Numarası SYL-2021-3521
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 17 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Oran, U., & Erginal, A. E. (2023). Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 66(2), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1220278
AMA Oran U, Erginal AE. Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. Nisan 2023;66(2):211-222. doi:10.25288/tjb.1220278
Chicago Oran, Uğur, ve Ahmet Evren Erginal. “Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66, sy. 2 (Nisan 2023): 211-22. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1220278.
EndNote Oran U, Erginal AE (01 Nisan 2023) Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66 2 211–222.
IEEE U. Oran ve A. E. Erginal, “Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye”, Türkiye Jeol. Bült., c. 66, sy. 2, ss. 211–222, 2023, doi: 10.25288/tjb.1220278.
ISNAD Oran, Uğur - Erginal, Ahmet Evren. “Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66/2 (Nisan 2023), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1220278.
JAMA Oran U, Erginal AE. Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2023;66:211–222.
MLA Oran, Uğur ve Ahmet Evren Erginal. “Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, c. 66, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 211-22, doi:10.25288/tjb.1220278.
Vancouver Oran U, Erginal AE. Potentially Toxic Element-Induced Ecological Risk Assessment of Kilitbahir Port, Çanakkale, Türkiye. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2023;66(2):211-22.
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