Öz
JJeotermal enerjinin, başta elektrik üretimi ve tarımsal üretim sistemleri olmak üzere, birçok alt sektöre, önemli bir girdi ve hammadde katkısı sağladığı ifade edilebilir. Diğer taraftan, bu enerjinin üretim faaliyetlerinde, çevreye verilen olası zararların tarımsal üretim, insan ve hayvan sağlığı, doğal ekosistemin bozulması gibi istenmeyen etkilere neden olduğu savunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin önemli jeotermal üretim alanlarının bulunduğu Aydın ve Manisa illerindeki jeotermal enerji üretim faaliyetlerinin, tarımsal üretim sistemlerine olan olası etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çiftçilerin tutum ve düşünceleri esas alınmıştır. Aydın ve Manisa illerinde, 100'er çiftçi olmak üzere toplam 200 çiftçiden oluşan örnek ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Görüşme yapılacak çiftçilerin belirlenmesinde, bu tesislere nispeten yakın arazilerde tarımsal faaliyetlerini sürdürmeleri dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarının belirlenmesinde ve yorumlanmasında ağırlıklı olarak aritmetik ortalama ve yüzde oranları gibi betimsel istatistikler kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca veriler normal dağılım göstermediği için bazı parametrelerde Aydın ve Manisa bölgeleri arasındaki farkı belirlemek için Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, jeotermal enerji üretim faaliyetlerine yakın olan arazilerde yetiştirilen tarımsal ürünlerde, özellikle incir ve bağ bahçelerinde, önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple, jeotermal enerji üretim alanlarındaki faaliyetlerin daha çevre-doğa-canlı dostu yaklaşımlar ile yapılması önerilmekte olup, etkin ve amacına uygun otokontrol sistemleri tavsiye edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akar, D. (2014). Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power Plants. Geothermal Energy Seminar. http://mmoteskon.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2009JEO-13.pdf
- Akkuş, İ. (2009) Jeotermal uygulamalar ve MTA. http://www.hidrojeloji.net
- Arslan, S., Darıcı, M., Karahan, Ç. (2001). Turkey's Geothermal Energy Potential. Geothermal Energy Direct Heating Systems; Fundamentals and Design. In: Toksoy M. (Ed), V. National Plumbing Engineering Congress. Izmir, pp.21-28. http://www1.mmo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/a0819e9e2f84a52_ek.pdf
- Can, A. (2017). SPSS ile Bilimsel Araştırma Sürecinde Nicel Veri Analizi. Pegem.
- Cataldi, R. (2001). Social Acceptance of Geothermal Projects: Problems and Costs. EC International Geothermal Course, Oredae (Romania).
- Çetiner, Z. S., Ertekin, C., Gültay, B. (2016). Initial Assessment of Public Perception and Acceptance of Geothermal Energy Applications in Çanakkale, NW Turkey. Energy Procedia, 97, 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.052
- Dağ, S. (2015). Determination of Possible Effects of Geothermal Energy Plants on Yield and Quality in Fig. PhD Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Aydın. http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/jspui/bitstream/11607/1519/3/Sunay%20DA%C4%9E.pdf
- Dağdaş, A. (2004). Turkey's Position and Potential in the World in Benefiting from Geothermal Energy. Tesisat Mühendisliği Mart-Nisan 2004, 38-49.
- Fernández Fuentes, I., Barich, A., Baisch, C., Bodo, B., Elíasson, O., Falcone, G., Friederichs, G., Gregorio, M. D., Hildebrand, J., Ioannou, A. et al. (2022). The CROWDTHERMAL Project: Creating Public Acceptance of Geothermal Energy and Opportunities for Community Financing. Energies 15(8310), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218310
- Güneş, T., Alat, K., Can Gözüm, A. İ. (2013). Fen Öğretmeni Adaylarına Yönelik Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 3(2), 269-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2013.3214a
- Hasdemir, M., Gül, U., Yasan Ataseven, Z. (2015). Information Sources of Geothermal Greenhouses. The Journal of Agricultural Economics Researches 1(2), 42-51.
- Ibrohim, A., Praseyto, R.M., Rekinagara, I. H. (2019). Understanding Social Acceptance of Geothermal Energy: A Case Study from Mt. Lawu, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 254. http://dx.doi.org/:10.1088/1755-1315/254/1/012009
- Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS AMOS Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel.
- Kepinska, B., Kaszetelewicz, A. (2015). Public Perception of Geothermal Energy in Selected European Countries. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April.
- Mariita, N. O. (2002). The Impact of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Development on the Poor: Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact of a Geothermal Power Plant on a Poor Rural Community in Kenya. Energy Policy 30, 111-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00063-0
- Popovski, K. (2003). Political and Public Acceptance of Geothermal Energy. IGC2003 –Short Course, September 2003, The United Nations University.
- Semerci, C. (2019). Anti-Geothermal Movement: Case of Aydin. Msc Thesis, Department of Sociology, (Unpublished master's thesis), Aydın. Aydın Adnan Menderes University. http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/jspui/bitstream/11607/3866/1/593010.pdf
- Tolunay, A., Erden, A. (2021). Determination of Social Views on the Effects of Geothermal Energy Use on Agricultural Areas and Forest Resources in the Aegean Region. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5(1), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.876550
- Tunçbilek, Ö.F., Yilmaz, M. (2021). Turkey's Geothermal Electricity Generation in Place and Importance of the City Aydin. Ankara University Journal of Social Sciences 12, 2, 138-150. https://doi.org/10.33537/sobild.2021.12.2.14
- Yılmaz, E., Kaptan, M.A. (2017). Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants in Aydın, Turkey. E3S Web of Conferences 19, 02028. https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2017/07/e3sconf_eems2017_02028.pdf
- Zaim, A., Çavşi, H. (2018). Status of Geothermal Power Plants at Turkey. Engineer and Machinery 59, 691, 45-58.
The Effect of Activities intended for Obtaining Geothermal Energy on Agricultural Production Systems
Öz
It can be stated that geothermal energy provides an important input and raw material contribution to many sub-sectors, especially electricity generation and agricultural production systems. On the other hand, it is argued that in the production activities of this energy, possible damage to the environment causes undesirable effects such as agricultural production, human and animal health, and deterioration of the natural ecosystem. In this study, the possible effects of geothermal energy production activities on agricultural production systems in Aydın and Manisa provinces, where Türkiye's important geothermal production areas are located, are tried to be determined. For this purpose, the attitudes and thoughts of the farmers are taken as the basis. In the provinces of Aydın and Manisa, a survey is conducted with a sample of 200 farmers, 100 of whom were each. In choosing the farmers to be interviewed, it is considered that they continued their agricultural activities in lands relatively close to these facilities. Descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and percentage ratios are mainly used in determining and interpreting research results. In addition, since the data did not show normal distribution, Mann Whitney U test is used to determine the difference between Aydın and Manisa regions in some parameters. According to the results of the study, it is defined that there are significant yield and quality losses in agricultural products, especially in fig and vineyards, grown on lands close to geothermal energy production activities. For this reason, it is recommended that activities in geothermal energy production areas be carried out with more environment-nature-live-friendly approaches, and effective and purposeful auto-control systems are recommended.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akar, D. (2014). Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power Plants. Geothermal Energy Seminar. http://mmoteskon.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2009JEO-13.pdf
- Akkuş, İ. (2009) Jeotermal uygulamalar ve MTA. http://www.hidrojeloji.net
- Arslan, S., Darıcı, M., Karahan, Ç. (2001). Turkey's Geothermal Energy Potential. Geothermal Energy Direct Heating Systems; Fundamentals and Design. In: Toksoy M. (Ed), V. National Plumbing Engineering Congress. Izmir, pp.21-28. http://www1.mmo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/a0819e9e2f84a52_ek.pdf
- Can, A. (2017). SPSS ile Bilimsel Araştırma Sürecinde Nicel Veri Analizi. Pegem.
- Cataldi, R. (2001). Social Acceptance of Geothermal Projects: Problems and Costs. EC International Geothermal Course, Oredae (Romania).
- Çetiner, Z. S., Ertekin, C., Gültay, B. (2016). Initial Assessment of Public Perception and Acceptance of Geothermal Energy Applications in Çanakkale, NW Turkey. Energy Procedia, 97, 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.052
- Dağ, S. (2015). Determination of Possible Effects of Geothermal Energy Plants on Yield and Quality in Fig. PhD Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Aydın. http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/jspui/bitstream/11607/1519/3/Sunay%20DA%C4%9E.pdf
- Dağdaş, A. (2004). Turkey's Position and Potential in the World in Benefiting from Geothermal Energy. Tesisat Mühendisliği Mart-Nisan 2004, 38-49.
- Fernández Fuentes, I., Barich, A., Baisch, C., Bodo, B., Elíasson, O., Falcone, G., Friederichs, G., Gregorio, M. D., Hildebrand, J., Ioannou, A. et al. (2022). The CROWDTHERMAL Project: Creating Public Acceptance of Geothermal Energy and Opportunities for Community Financing. Energies 15(8310), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218310
- Güneş, T., Alat, K., Can Gözüm, A. İ. (2013). Fen Öğretmeni Adaylarına Yönelik Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 3(2), 269-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2013.3214a
- Hasdemir, M., Gül, U., Yasan Ataseven, Z. (2015). Information Sources of Geothermal Greenhouses. The Journal of Agricultural Economics Researches 1(2), 42-51.
- Ibrohim, A., Praseyto, R.M., Rekinagara, I. H. (2019). Understanding Social Acceptance of Geothermal Energy: A Case Study from Mt. Lawu, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 254. http://dx.doi.org/:10.1088/1755-1315/254/1/012009
- Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS AMOS Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel.
- Kepinska, B., Kaszetelewicz, A. (2015). Public Perception of Geothermal Energy in Selected European Countries. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April.
- Mariita, N. O. (2002). The Impact of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Development on the Poor: Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact of a Geothermal Power Plant on a Poor Rural Community in Kenya. Energy Policy 30, 111-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00063-0
- Popovski, K. (2003). Political and Public Acceptance of Geothermal Energy. IGC2003 –Short Course, September 2003, The United Nations University.
- Semerci, C. (2019). Anti-Geothermal Movement: Case of Aydin. Msc Thesis, Department of Sociology, (Unpublished master's thesis), Aydın. Aydın Adnan Menderes University. http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/jspui/bitstream/11607/3866/1/593010.pdf
- Tolunay, A., Erden, A. (2021). Determination of Social Views on the Effects of Geothermal Energy Use on Agricultural Areas and Forest Resources in the Aegean Region. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5(1), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.876550
- Tunçbilek, Ö.F., Yilmaz, M. (2021). Turkey's Geothermal Electricity Generation in Place and Importance of the City Aydin. Ankara University Journal of Social Sciences 12, 2, 138-150. https://doi.org/10.33537/sobild.2021.12.2.14
- Yılmaz, E., Kaptan, M.A. (2017). Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants in Aydın, Turkey. E3S Web of Conferences 19, 02028. https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2017/07/e3sconf_eems2017_02028.pdf
- Zaim, A., Çavşi, H. (2018). Status of Geothermal Power Plants at Turkey. Engineer and Machinery 59, 691, 45-58.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tarım Politikaları |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 27 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 |
