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Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 839 - 845, 01.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.453808

Öz

The use of heat-treated wood
material and eco-friendly impregnation chemicals are steadily increasing in the
woodworking industry over the last decades. In this study, the effects of applications
of impregnation and heat treatment on combustion properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) wood were
investigated. The test specimens were impregnated with Imersol-aqua (Ia) and
Timbercare-aqua (Ta) impregnation material according to ASTM D 1413-76
standards. Impregnated specimens were subjected to heat treatment at 150, 170
and 190 °C for 2 h. The temperature of flame source combustion, the temperature
of without flame source combustion and varying light intensities (Lux)
depending on the smoke production in these combustion stages were determined
according to ASTM E 160-50. According to the test results, the highest
combustion temperature of flame source combustion was determined in
unimpregnated and heat-treated samples at 190 °C, while the highest combustion
temperature of without flame source combustion was determined in impregnated
with Ta and heat-treated samples at 170 °C. The highest light density in flame
source combustion phase was determined in unimpregnated and heat-treated samples
at 190°C, while in without flame source combustion was in unimpregnated and
heat-treated samples at 170°C. As a result, as the heat treatment temperature
increase, the combustion temperature increased and the smoke density decreased.
In addition to impregnation materials increased the smoke density while reduced
the combustion temperatures of test specimens.  

Kaynakça

  • [1] Bednarek, Z., Kaliszuk-Wietecka, A., ''Analysis of the fire-protection impregnation influence on wood strength'', Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 13(2): 79-85, (2007).
  • [2] Lin, C., ''The application of wood in modern ınterior design'', The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 9: 103-107, (2015).
  • [3] Keskin, H., ''Effects of impregnation materials on combustion properties of laminated veneer lumber obtained from European oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.)'', Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105: 1766-1773, (2007).
  • [4] Lowden, L.A., Hull, T.R., ''Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction'', Fire Science Reviews, 2(4): 1-19, (2013).
  • [5] Baysal, E., ''Combustion properties of wood impregnated with commercial fertlizers'', African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(82): 19255-19260, (2011).
  • [6] Atar, M., Döngel, N., Çınar, H., ''An Analysis of varnish and impregnation processes for combustion temperature of scotch pine'', Materials Sciences and Applications, 6: 78-85, (2015).
  • [7] Keskin, H., Atar, M., İzciler, M., ''Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers'', Construction and Building Materials, 23(2): 634-643, (2009).
  • [8] Fidan, M.S., Yaşar, Ş.Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., Alkan, E., ''Characterization of the Combustion parameters of impregnated and varnished cedar vood (Cedrus libani) '', Forest Products Journal, 66(5-6): 290-299, (2016).
  • [9] Yaşar, Ş.Ş. Fidan, M.S., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., Alkan, E., ''Combustion properties of impregnated spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood'', Construction and Building Materials, 143: 574-579, (2017).
  • [10] Johansson D., ''Heat treatment of solid wood. Effects on absorption, strength and colour'', Ph.D Thesis. Luleå University of Technology, Division of Wood Physics, LTU Skellefteå. Sweden (2008).
  • [11] Müllerová, J., ''Fire safety properties of heat treated wood'', Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(12): 80-82,(2013).
  • [12] Percin, O., ''Impact of various chemicals on combustion properties of heat-treated and impregnated laminated veneer lumber (LVL) '', Wood Research, 60(5): 801-814, (2015)
  • [13] Gašparík, M., Osvaldová, L.M., Čekovská, H., Potůček, D., ''Flammability characteristics of thermally modified oak wood treated with a fire retardant'', BioResources, 12(4): 8451-8467, (2017).
  • [14] Çolak, S., Çolakoğlu, G., As, N., ''Comparing the burning of wood material with other building materials in case of fire'', Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, Serial: B, 52(1): 15-25, (2002).
  • [15] LeVan, S.L., Winandy, J.E., ''Effects of fire retardant treatments on wood strentgh: A rewiew'', Wood and Fiber Science, 22(1): 113-131, (1990).
  • [16] Delichatsios, M., Paroz, B., Bhargava, A., ''Flammability properties for charring materials'', Fire Safety Journal, 38(3): 219-228, (2003).
  • [17] Wang, Z., Sun, B., Liu, J., ''Investigatıon of volatile products released during vacuum heat treatment of larch wood'', Wood Research, 62(5): 773-782, (2017)
  • [18] Manninen, A-M., Pasanen, P., Holopainen, J.K., ''Comparing the VOC emissions between air-dried and heat-treated scots pine wood'', Atmospheric Environment, 36(11): 1763-1768, (2002).
  • [19] Viitaniemi, P., ''New properties for thermally-treated wood'', Indust Horizons, March: 9-13, (2000).
  • [20]Hemel, 2013a. http://www.hemel.com.tr/content/media/document/MSDS-HEMEL-IMERSOL-AQUA-SDS10011-TR.pdf, 1-4 (13.04.2018).
  • [21]Hemel, 2013b. http://www.hemel.com.tr/content/media/document/MSDS-TIMBERCARE-AQUA-SDS10012-TR.pdf, 1-4 (13.04.2018).
  • [22]TS 2470. ''Wood-sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical tests. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey, (1976).
  • [23] ASTM-D 1413-76. ''Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures'', Annual Book of Astm Standarts. USA, 452-460, (1976).
  • [24] ASTM E 160-50. ''Standard test method for combustible properties of treated wood by the cribe test'', ASTM Standards West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 809-813 (1975).
  • [25]Esteves, B., M., Pereira, H.M., ''Wood modifıcation by heat treatment: A review'', BioResources, 4(1): 370-404, (2009).
  • [26]Yildiz, S., ''Physical, mechanical, technologic and chemical properties of Fagus orientalis and Picea orientalis wood treated by heating''. Ph.D Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon, Turkey, (2002).
  • [27] Yildiz, S., Gezer, D., Yildiz, U., ''Mechanical and chemical behaviour of spruce wood modified by heat'', Building and Environment, 41(12): 1762-176, (2006).
  • [28] Korkut, S., Korkut, D.S., Kocaefe, D., Elustondo, D., Bajraktari, A., Çakıcıer, N., ''Effect of thermal modification on the properties of narrowleaved ash and chestnut'', Industrial Crops and Products, 35(1): 287-294, (2012).
  • [29] Li, X., Cai, Z., Mou, Q., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., ''Effects of heat treatment on some physical properties of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) wood'', Advanced Materials Research, 197-198: 90-95, (2011).
  • [30] Lee, B.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, S., Kim H. J., Lee, B., Deng. Y. H, Feng. Q., Luo J. Y., ''Evaluating the flammability of wood-based panels and gypsum particleboard using a cone calorimeter'', Construction and Building Materials, 25(7): 3044-3050, (2011).
  • [31] Martinka, J., Chrebet, T., Král, J., Balog, K., ''An examination of behaviour of thermally treated spruce wood under fire conditions'', Wood Research, 58(4): 599-606, (2013).
  • [32] Xing, D., Li, J., ''Effects of heat treatment on thermal decomposition and combustion performance of Larix spp. wood'', BioResources, 9(3): 4274-4287, (2014).
  • [34] Osvaldová L.M., Gaff, M.,. ''Retardation effect on thermally-modified spruce wood'', in Sustainable Development and Planning IX, Etd. Brebbia C. A., Longhurst J., Marco E., Booth C., WIT Transactions on Ecology and The environment 226: 537-546, (2017).
  • [35] Čekovsá, H., Gaff, M., Osvald, A., Kačík, F., Kubš, Kaplan, L., '' Fire resistance of thermally modified spruce wood'', BioResources, 12(1): 947-959, (2017).

Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 839 - 845, 01.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.453808

Öz

The use of heat-treated wood
material and eco-friendly impregnation chemicals are steadily increasing in the
woodworking industry over the last decades. In this study, the effects of applications
of impregnation and heat treatment on combustion properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) wood were
investigated. The test specimens were impregnated with Imersol-aqua (Ia) and
Timbercare-aqua (Ta) impregnation material according to ASTM D 1413-76
standards. Impregnated specimens were subjected to heat treatment at 150, 170
and 190 °C for 2 h. The temperature of flame source combustion, the temperature
of without flame source combustion and varying light intensities (Lux)
depending on the smoke production in these combustion stages were determined
according to ASTM E 160-50. According to the test results, the highest
combustion temperature of flame source combustion was determined in
unimpregnated and heat-treated samples at 190 °C, while the highest combustion
temperature of without flame source combustion was determined in impregnated
with Ta and heat-treated samples at 170 °C. The highest light density in flame
source combustion phase was determined in unimpregnated and heat-treated samples
at 190°C, while in without flame source combustion was in unimpregnated and
heat-treated samples at 170°C. As a result, as the heat treatment temperature
increase, the combustion temperature increased and the smoke density decreased.
In addition to impregnation materials increased the smoke density while reduced
the combustion temperatures of test specimens.  

Kaynakça

  • [1] Bednarek, Z., Kaliszuk-Wietecka, A., ''Analysis of the fire-protection impregnation influence on wood strength'', Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 13(2): 79-85, (2007).
  • [2] Lin, C., ''The application of wood in modern ınterior design'', The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 9: 103-107, (2015).
  • [3] Keskin, H., ''Effects of impregnation materials on combustion properties of laminated veneer lumber obtained from European oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.)'', Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105: 1766-1773, (2007).
  • [4] Lowden, L.A., Hull, T.R., ''Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction'', Fire Science Reviews, 2(4): 1-19, (2013).
  • [5] Baysal, E., ''Combustion properties of wood impregnated with commercial fertlizers'', African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(82): 19255-19260, (2011).
  • [6] Atar, M., Döngel, N., Çınar, H., ''An Analysis of varnish and impregnation processes for combustion temperature of scotch pine'', Materials Sciences and Applications, 6: 78-85, (2015).
  • [7] Keskin, H., Atar, M., İzciler, M., ''Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers'', Construction and Building Materials, 23(2): 634-643, (2009).
  • [8] Fidan, M.S., Yaşar, Ş.Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., Alkan, E., ''Characterization of the Combustion parameters of impregnated and varnished cedar vood (Cedrus libani) '', Forest Products Journal, 66(5-6): 290-299, (2016).
  • [9] Yaşar, Ş.Ş. Fidan, M.S., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., Alkan, E., ''Combustion properties of impregnated spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood'', Construction and Building Materials, 143: 574-579, (2017).
  • [10] Johansson D., ''Heat treatment of solid wood. Effects on absorption, strength and colour'', Ph.D Thesis. Luleå University of Technology, Division of Wood Physics, LTU Skellefteå. Sweden (2008).
  • [11] Müllerová, J., ''Fire safety properties of heat treated wood'', Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(12): 80-82,(2013).
  • [12] Percin, O., ''Impact of various chemicals on combustion properties of heat-treated and impregnated laminated veneer lumber (LVL) '', Wood Research, 60(5): 801-814, (2015)
  • [13] Gašparík, M., Osvaldová, L.M., Čekovská, H., Potůček, D., ''Flammability characteristics of thermally modified oak wood treated with a fire retardant'', BioResources, 12(4): 8451-8467, (2017).
  • [14] Çolak, S., Çolakoğlu, G., As, N., ''Comparing the burning of wood material with other building materials in case of fire'', Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, Serial: B, 52(1): 15-25, (2002).
  • [15] LeVan, S.L., Winandy, J.E., ''Effects of fire retardant treatments on wood strentgh: A rewiew'', Wood and Fiber Science, 22(1): 113-131, (1990).
  • [16] Delichatsios, M., Paroz, B., Bhargava, A., ''Flammability properties for charring materials'', Fire Safety Journal, 38(3): 219-228, (2003).
  • [17] Wang, Z., Sun, B., Liu, J., ''Investigatıon of volatile products released during vacuum heat treatment of larch wood'', Wood Research, 62(5): 773-782, (2017)
  • [18] Manninen, A-M., Pasanen, P., Holopainen, J.K., ''Comparing the VOC emissions between air-dried and heat-treated scots pine wood'', Atmospheric Environment, 36(11): 1763-1768, (2002).
  • [19] Viitaniemi, P., ''New properties for thermally-treated wood'', Indust Horizons, March: 9-13, (2000).
  • [20]Hemel, 2013a. http://www.hemel.com.tr/content/media/document/MSDS-HEMEL-IMERSOL-AQUA-SDS10011-TR.pdf, 1-4 (13.04.2018).
  • [21]Hemel, 2013b. http://www.hemel.com.tr/content/media/document/MSDS-TIMBERCARE-AQUA-SDS10012-TR.pdf, 1-4 (13.04.2018).
  • [22]TS 2470. ''Wood-sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical tests. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey, (1976).
  • [23] ASTM-D 1413-76. ''Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures'', Annual Book of Astm Standarts. USA, 452-460, (1976).
  • [24] ASTM E 160-50. ''Standard test method for combustible properties of treated wood by the cribe test'', ASTM Standards West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 809-813 (1975).
  • [25]Esteves, B., M., Pereira, H.M., ''Wood modifıcation by heat treatment: A review'', BioResources, 4(1): 370-404, (2009).
  • [26]Yildiz, S., ''Physical, mechanical, technologic and chemical properties of Fagus orientalis and Picea orientalis wood treated by heating''. Ph.D Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon, Turkey, (2002).
  • [27] Yildiz, S., Gezer, D., Yildiz, U., ''Mechanical and chemical behaviour of spruce wood modified by heat'', Building and Environment, 41(12): 1762-176, (2006).
  • [28] Korkut, S., Korkut, D.S., Kocaefe, D., Elustondo, D., Bajraktari, A., Çakıcıer, N., ''Effect of thermal modification on the properties of narrowleaved ash and chestnut'', Industrial Crops and Products, 35(1): 287-294, (2012).
  • [29] Li, X., Cai, Z., Mou, Q., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., ''Effects of heat treatment on some physical properties of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) wood'', Advanced Materials Research, 197-198: 90-95, (2011).
  • [30] Lee, B.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, S., Kim H. J., Lee, B., Deng. Y. H, Feng. Q., Luo J. Y., ''Evaluating the flammability of wood-based panels and gypsum particleboard using a cone calorimeter'', Construction and Building Materials, 25(7): 3044-3050, (2011).
  • [31] Martinka, J., Chrebet, T., Král, J., Balog, K., ''An examination of behaviour of thermally treated spruce wood under fire conditions'', Wood Research, 58(4): 599-606, (2013).
  • [32] Xing, D., Li, J., ''Effects of heat treatment on thermal decomposition and combustion performance of Larix spp. wood'', BioResources, 9(3): 4274-4287, (2014).
  • [34] Osvaldová L.M., Gaff, M.,. ''Retardation effect on thermally-modified spruce wood'', in Sustainable Development and Planning IX, Etd. Brebbia C. A., Longhurst J., Marco E., Booth C., WIT Transactions on Ecology and The environment 226: 537-546, (2017).
  • [35] Čekovsá, H., Gaff, M., Osvald, A., Kačík, F., Kubš, Kaplan, L., '' Fire resistance of thermally modified spruce wood'', BioResources, 12(1): 947-959, (2017).
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Osman Perçin 0000-0003-0033-0918

Musa Atar 0000-0002-3944-5512

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Perçin, O., & Atar, M. (2019). Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material. Politeknik Dergisi, 22(4), 839-845. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.453808
AMA Perçin O, Atar M. Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material. Politeknik Dergisi. Aralık 2019;22(4):839-845. doi:10.2339/politeknik.453808
Chicago Perçin, Osman, ve Musa Atar. “Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material”. Politeknik Dergisi 22, sy. 4 (Aralık 2019): 839-45. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.453808.
EndNote Perçin O, Atar M (01 Aralık 2019) Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material. Politeknik Dergisi 22 4 839–845.
IEEE O. Perçin ve M. Atar, “Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material”, Politeknik Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 4, ss. 839–845, 2019, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.453808.
ISNAD Perçin, Osman - Atar, Musa. “Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material”. Politeknik Dergisi 22/4 (Aralık 2019), 839-845. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.453808.
JAMA Perçin O, Atar M. Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material. Politeknik Dergisi. 2019;22:839–845.
MLA Perçin, Osman ve Musa Atar. “Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material”. Politeknik Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 839-45, doi:10.2339/politeknik.453808.
Vancouver Perçin O, Atar M. Combustion Properties of Impregnated and Heat-Treated Wood Material. Politeknik Dergisi. 2019;22(4):839-45.
 
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