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Effect of Different GA4+7 + BA Doses on Russet Formation in Starkspur Golden Delicious Apple Variety

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 17 - 22, 31.07.2020

Öz

Russet is defined as a physical defect that begins in the epidermal and hypodermal cell layer during the initial stages of fruit development. Russeting fruits have no market value. This study was carried out to detect the effect of GA4+7 + BA on the formation of russeting on Starkspur Golden Delicious apple variety grafted on seedling rootstock. Three different GA4+7 + BA (21, 42 and 84 mg L-1) doses were used in the study. Applications were made three times for in 10-day intervals from the full bloom period. In both seasons, the relationship between application dose and russeting fruit ratio and application dose and russeting scale were found to be important. During the trial, the lowest fruit russeting rate was acquired from the application of 84 mg L-1, and the rusty fruit rate difference appeared between the years. As regards to the applications, the ratio of fruit russeting changed between 75.59% (control) - 26.90 (84 mg L-1) in 2015 and 78.84% (control) - 45.40 (84 mg L-1) in 2016.

Kaynakça

  • Barandoozi FN, Talaie A, 2009. The Effect of Gibberellins on Russeting in Golden Delicious Apples. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 1(4): 061-064.
  • Baxter L, 1997. The Use of Gibberellins for Russet Control in Red Fuji Apples. HAL Horticultural Research and Development Cooperation Level 6, HRDC ISBN 1 86423 447 4.
  • Bound S, 2005. The Impact of Selected Orchard Management Practices on Apple. University of Tasmania, Ph.D. Thesis, p.190.
  • Bubán T, Rátz M, B, Oláh L, 1993. Improved Fruit Shape and Less Russetting of Apples by Using Gibberellins. Acta Hort. 329: 137-139.
  • Cline JA, 2017. Interactive Effects of 6-BA, GA4+7, and Prohexadione-calcium on Gala Apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 97: 632-644.
  • Curry E, 2012. Increase in Epidermal Planar Cell Density Accompanies Decreased Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples Treated with Gibberellin A4+7. HortScience 47(2): 232-237.
  • Dolunay EM, Kaymak S, Akgül H, Özongun Ş, 2009. Isparta Eğirdir koşullarında Golden Delicious Elma Çeşidinde Perlan Sc İsimli Bitki Gelişim Düzenleyicinin Fizyolojik Pas Üzerine Etkileri. I. Ulusal Elma Sempozyumu 20-22 Ekim, Karaman.
  • Eccher T, 1978. Russetting of Golden Delicious Apples as Related to Endogenous and Exogenous Gibberellins. Acta Hort. 80: 381-385.
  • Eccher T, Hajnajari H, 2006. Fluctuations of Endogenous Gibberellin A4 and A7 Content in Apple Fruits with Different Sensitivity to Russet. Acta Hort., 727 (1).
  • Eccher T, Hajnajari H, Di Lella S, Elli A, 2008. Gibberellin Content of Apple Fruit as Affected by Genetic and Environmental Factors. Acta Hort. 774: 221-228.
  • FAO, 2020. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2020
  • Fioravanço JC, Almeida GK, Silva VC, 2010. Efeito da Promalina® (GA4+7 + 6BA) na Produção e Desenvolvimento dos Frutos da Macieira cv. Royal Gala. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias Lages 9(2): 143-149.
  • Fogelman E, Redel G, Doron I, Naor A, Ben-Yashar E, Ginzberg I, 2009. Control of Apple Russeting in a Warm and Dry Climate. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 84(3): 279-284.
  • Gildemacher P, Heijne B, Silvestri M, Houbraken J, Hoekstra E, Theelen B, Boekhout T, 2006. Interactions between Yeasts, Fungicides and Apple Fruit Russeting. FEMS Yeast Research, 6(8):149–1156.
  • Goffinet MC, Burr TJ, Heidenreich MC, 2002. Anatomy of Apple Russet Caused by The Fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. New York Fruit Quarterly 10(3).
  • Hatfield JL, Prueger JH, 2011. Agroecology: Implications for Plant Response to Climate Change. (Eds: Yadav SS, Redden RJ, Hatfield JL, Lotze-Campen H, Hall AE), Crop Adaptation to Climate Change. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK, pp. 27-43.
  • Jong PF, MP van der Maas, 2008. Reducing Russeting of Organically Grown Elstar to Increase Quality. Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-Growing, February 18-20, Weinsberg/Germany, pp. 54-58.
  • Knoche M, Khanal BP, Stopar M, 2011. Russeting and Microcracking of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Concomitantly Decline Due to Gibberellin A4+7 Application. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 136(3): 159-164.
  • Kushad M, 2007. Fruit Russet. Plant and Pest Advisory. Rutgers Cooperative Extension at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 12 (26).
  • McArtney S, Ferree D, Obermiller JD, Green A, Schmidt J, 2006. Both Prohexadione-Ca and Ga4+7 Reduce Skin Defects of Apple. Proceedings Thirtieth Annual Meeting PGRSA, 3-6 August.
  • McArtney S, Obermiller JD, Green A, 2007. Prohexadione-Ca Reduces Russet and does not Negate the Efficacy of GA4+7 Sprays for Russet Control on ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples. HortScience 42: 550-554.
  • McNall LR, 1998. Factors Affecting Fruit Russet. Nutrient Technologies Tech-Flo® Flowable Foliar Nutrients. Miller RH, 1982. Apple Fruit Cuticles and the Occurrence of Pores and Transcuticular Canals. Ann Bot 50: 355-3710.
  • Miller S, Hampson C, McNew R, Berkett L, Brown S, Clements J, Crassweller R, Garcia E, Greene D, Greene G, 2005. Performance of Apple Cultivars in The NE-183 Regional Project Planting: III. Fruit Sensory Characteristics. Journal of the American Pomological Society 59(1): 28-43.
  • Noè N, Echerr T, 1996. Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Shape and Russeting are Affected by Light Conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 65: 209-213.
  • NUFARM, 2013. Promalin, Plant Growth Regulator. Horticultural Crops Technical Manual, Canada. Pesteanu A, 2015. Effect of Application with Gibberellin GA4+7 on Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture 72(2): 395-401.
  • Roper TR, 2005. Plant Growth Regulator Use in Apples (A3524). University of Wisconsin-System Board of Regents and University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension.
  • Sanchez E, Soto JM, Uvalle JX, Hernandez AP, Ruiz JM, Romero L, 2001. Chemical Treatments in Golden Delicious Spur Fruits in Relation to Russeting and Nutritional Status. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(1): 191-202.
  • Simons RK, Chu MC, 1978. Periderm Morphology of Mature 'Golden Delicious' Apple with Special Reference to Russeting. Scientia Horticulturae 8: 333-340.
  • Taylor DR, Knight JN, 1986. Russetting and Cracking of Apple Fruit and Their Control with Plant Growth Regulators. Acta Hort. 179: 819-820.
  • TUİK, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.http://www.tuik.gov.tr. Erişim tarihi: 15.06.2020
  • Wertheim SJ, 1982. Fruit Russeting in Apple as Affected by Various Gibberellins. Journal of Horticultural Science 57(3): 283-288.

Farklı GA4+7 + BA Dozlarının Starkspur Golden Delicious Elma Çeşidinde Pas Oluşumu Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 17 - 22, 31.07.2020

Öz

Pas, meyve gelişiminin erken döneminde epidermal ve hipodermal hücre tabakasında başlayan fiziksel bir kusur olarak tanımlanır. Paslı meyvelerin pazar değeri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, çöğür anaç üzerine aşılı Starkspur Golden Delicious elma çeşidinde GA4+7 + BA uygulamalarının pas oluşumu üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada üç farklı GA4+7 + BA (21, 42 ve 84 mg L-1) dozu kullanılmıştır. Uygulamalar tam çiçeklenme döneminden itibaren 10’ar gün arayla üç kez yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların yapıldığı her iki yılda da uygulama dozu ve paslı meyve oranı ile uygulama dozu ve pas skala değeri arasındaki ilişki önemli bulunmuştur. Deneme süresince en düşük paslı meyve oranı 84 mg L-1 uygulamasından elde edilmiş, yıllar arasında paslı meyve oranında farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Uygulamalara göre paslı meyve oranı 2015 yılında %75.59 (kontrol) - %26.90 (84 mg L-1), 2016 yılında ise %78.85 (kontrol) - %45.39 (84 mg L-1) arasında değişim göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Barandoozi FN, Talaie A, 2009. The Effect of Gibberellins on Russeting in Golden Delicious Apples. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 1(4): 061-064.
  • Baxter L, 1997. The Use of Gibberellins for Russet Control in Red Fuji Apples. HAL Horticultural Research and Development Cooperation Level 6, HRDC ISBN 1 86423 447 4.
  • Bound S, 2005. The Impact of Selected Orchard Management Practices on Apple. University of Tasmania, Ph.D. Thesis, p.190.
  • Bubán T, Rátz M, B, Oláh L, 1993. Improved Fruit Shape and Less Russetting of Apples by Using Gibberellins. Acta Hort. 329: 137-139.
  • Cline JA, 2017. Interactive Effects of 6-BA, GA4+7, and Prohexadione-calcium on Gala Apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 97: 632-644.
  • Curry E, 2012. Increase in Epidermal Planar Cell Density Accompanies Decreased Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples Treated with Gibberellin A4+7. HortScience 47(2): 232-237.
  • Dolunay EM, Kaymak S, Akgül H, Özongun Ş, 2009. Isparta Eğirdir koşullarında Golden Delicious Elma Çeşidinde Perlan Sc İsimli Bitki Gelişim Düzenleyicinin Fizyolojik Pas Üzerine Etkileri. I. Ulusal Elma Sempozyumu 20-22 Ekim, Karaman.
  • Eccher T, 1978. Russetting of Golden Delicious Apples as Related to Endogenous and Exogenous Gibberellins. Acta Hort. 80: 381-385.
  • Eccher T, Hajnajari H, 2006. Fluctuations of Endogenous Gibberellin A4 and A7 Content in Apple Fruits with Different Sensitivity to Russet. Acta Hort., 727 (1).
  • Eccher T, Hajnajari H, Di Lella S, Elli A, 2008. Gibberellin Content of Apple Fruit as Affected by Genetic and Environmental Factors. Acta Hort. 774: 221-228.
  • FAO, 2020. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2020
  • Fioravanço JC, Almeida GK, Silva VC, 2010. Efeito da Promalina® (GA4+7 + 6BA) na Produção e Desenvolvimento dos Frutos da Macieira cv. Royal Gala. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias Lages 9(2): 143-149.
  • Fogelman E, Redel G, Doron I, Naor A, Ben-Yashar E, Ginzberg I, 2009. Control of Apple Russeting in a Warm and Dry Climate. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 84(3): 279-284.
  • Gildemacher P, Heijne B, Silvestri M, Houbraken J, Hoekstra E, Theelen B, Boekhout T, 2006. Interactions between Yeasts, Fungicides and Apple Fruit Russeting. FEMS Yeast Research, 6(8):149–1156.
  • Goffinet MC, Burr TJ, Heidenreich MC, 2002. Anatomy of Apple Russet Caused by The Fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. New York Fruit Quarterly 10(3).
  • Hatfield JL, Prueger JH, 2011. Agroecology: Implications for Plant Response to Climate Change. (Eds: Yadav SS, Redden RJ, Hatfield JL, Lotze-Campen H, Hall AE), Crop Adaptation to Climate Change. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK, pp. 27-43.
  • Jong PF, MP van der Maas, 2008. Reducing Russeting of Organically Grown Elstar to Increase Quality. Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-Growing, February 18-20, Weinsberg/Germany, pp. 54-58.
  • Knoche M, Khanal BP, Stopar M, 2011. Russeting and Microcracking of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Concomitantly Decline Due to Gibberellin A4+7 Application. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 136(3): 159-164.
  • Kushad M, 2007. Fruit Russet. Plant and Pest Advisory. Rutgers Cooperative Extension at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 12 (26).
  • McArtney S, Ferree D, Obermiller JD, Green A, Schmidt J, 2006. Both Prohexadione-Ca and Ga4+7 Reduce Skin Defects of Apple. Proceedings Thirtieth Annual Meeting PGRSA, 3-6 August.
  • McArtney S, Obermiller JD, Green A, 2007. Prohexadione-Ca Reduces Russet and does not Negate the Efficacy of GA4+7 Sprays for Russet Control on ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples. HortScience 42: 550-554.
  • McNall LR, 1998. Factors Affecting Fruit Russet. Nutrient Technologies Tech-Flo® Flowable Foliar Nutrients. Miller RH, 1982. Apple Fruit Cuticles and the Occurrence of Pores and Transcuticular Canals. Ann Bot 50: 355-3710.
  • Miller S, Hampson C, McNew R, Berkett L, Brown S, Clements J, Crassweller R, Garcia E, Greene D, Greene G, 2005. Performance of Apple Cultivars in The NE-183 Regional Project Planting: III. Fruit Sensory Characteristics. Journal of the American Pomological Society 59(1): 28-43.
  • Noè N, Echerr T, 1996. Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Shape and Russeting are Affected by Light Conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 65: 209-213.
  • NUFARM, 2013. Promalin, Plant Growth Regulator. Horticultural Crops Technical Manual, Canada. Pesteanu A, 2015. Effect of Application with Gibberellin GA4+7 on Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture 72(2): 395-401.
  • Roper TR, 2005. Plant Growth Regulator Use in Apples (A3524). University of Wisconsin-System Board of Regents and University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension.
  • Sanchez E, Soto JM, Uvalle JX, Hernandez AP, Ruiz JM, Romero L, 2001. Chemical Treatments in Golden Delicious Spur Fruits in Relation to Russeting and Nutritional Status. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(1): 191-202.
  • Simons RK, Chu MC, 1978. Periderm Morphology of Mature 'Golden Delicious' Apple with Special Reference to Russeting. Scientia Horticulturae 8: 333-340.
  • Taylor DR, Knight JN, 1986. Russetting and Cracking of Apple Fruit and Their Control with Plant Growth Regulators. Acta Hort. 179: 819-820.
  • TUİK, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.http://www.tuik.gov.tr. Erişim tarihi: 15.06.2020
  • Wertheim SJ, 1982. Fruit Russeting in Apple as Affected by Various Gibberellins. Journal of Horticultural Science 57(3): 283-288.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emel Kaçal

İbrahim Gür

Melih Aydınlı

Hakkı Koçal

Gökhan Öztürk

Halit Yıldız

Murat Cansu

Süleyman Akol Bu kişi benim

Ömer Karamürsel

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

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