Utilization of Fish By-Products for Sustainable Aquaculture: Nutritional Analysis of Fishmeal derived from the By-Products of Oncorhynchus mykiss
Öz
This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition of fishmeal derived from the by-products of Oncorhynchus mykiss, commonly known as Turkish Salmon, cultured in the Black Sea. The findings indicate that the obtained fishmeal possesses high crude protein content (65.22 ± 0.118%) and crude fat content (9.28 ± 0.139%). Additionally, the energy value of the fishmeal was determined to be 358.75 ± 3.633 kcal/g. Mineral substance analysis reveals significant levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the fishmeal. Heavy metal analysis results indicate arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury contents of 3.51 ± 0.470, 1.46 ± 0.136, 0.15 ± 0.004, and 0.007 ± 0.012 mg/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that fishmeal derived from processing residues of Turkish Salmon offers high nutritional value and could be considered as an alternative raw material for sustainable aquaculture. This study is expected to contribute significantly to waste management and sustainability efforts in the fish processing industry.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fishmeal Sustainable Aquaculture Salmon By-Products Nutritional Composition Waste Management
Etik Beyan
Ethical approval was not required for this study.
Proje Numarası
No funding was utilized for this study
Teşekkür
I would like to express my gratitude to Sinop University Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center for their contributions to the analysis of the samples.
Kaynakça
- AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Edited Patrica Cunniff. Chapter 35, Fish and Other Marine Products, AOAC Official methods of analysis 938.08. Chapter 35, Chapter Editor James M. Hungerford. Published AOAC International, ISBN 0-935584-54-4 and ISSN 1080-0344.
- Anonymous (2005). Code of Federal Regulations. FDA, HHS, 21, part 101.9.
- Bassompierre, M., Larsen, K. L., Zimmermann, W., Mclean, E., Børresen, T., & Sandfeld, P. (1998). Comparison of chemical, electrophoretic and in vitro digestion methods for predicting fish meal nutritive quality.
- Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(4), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00073.x
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2005). Sinop ilinde bulunan su ürünleri işleme tesislerinin durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Su Ürünleri Mühendisleri Dergisi, 24(4), 53–56.
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2019a). Nutritional Composition of Fishmeal Obtained from Different Raw Materials in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(3), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.636806
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2019b). The Effect of Raw Material Freshness on Fish Oil Quality Produced in Fish Meal & Oil Plant. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(3), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.636002
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2021a). Effect of Freshness on Fish Meal Quality; Anchovy Meal. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.824885
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2021b). The Effect On Fishmeal Element Quality Of Different Processing Methods: Evaporator System. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.922865
- Bayrakli, B., Özdemir, S., & Duyar, H. A. (2019). A Study on Fishing and Fish Meal-oil Processing Technology of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Black Sea. Menba Journal of Fisheries Faculty, 5(2), 9–16.
- Chen, Y., Mitra, A., Rahimnejad, S., Chi, S., Kumar, V., Tan, B., Niu, J., & Xie, S. (2023). Retrospect of fish meal substitution in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feed: Alternatives, limitations and future prospects. Reviews in Aquaculture, May, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12843
- Cho, H. O., Byun, M. W., Kwon, J. H., & Lee, J. W. (1987). Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Ethylene Oxide Fumigation on the Quality of Dried Marine Products (Shrimp, Anchovy). The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety, 2(1), 21–27.
- De Koning, Adrianus J. (2002). Quantitative quality tests for fish meal. II: An investigation of the quality of South African fish meals and the validity of a number of chemical quality indices. International Journal of Food Properties, 5(3), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1081/JFP-120015487
- De Koning, Adrianus Jan. (2005). Properties of South African fish meal: A review. South African Journal of Science, 101(1–2), 21–25.
- Duyar, H. A., & Bayrakli, B. (2023). Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Oil Derived by Different Techniques from By-Products of Cultured Black Sea Salmon, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, X, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1187017
- Einarsson, M. I., Jokumsen, A., Bæk, A. M., Jacobsen, C., Pedersen, S. A., Samuelsen, T. A., Palsson, J., Eliasen, O., & Flesland, O. (2019). Nordic Centre of Excellence Network in Fishmeal and Fish oil. 119.
- FAO (2019). Fishery and aquaculture statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5495t/CA5495T.pdf
- Ferris, D.A., and C.W. Shanklin (1993). Cost of alternative methods of disposal of food waste in a university food service operation. National Association of College and University Food Service Journal 26 (10): 49–56.
- Ghaly, A. E., Ramakrishnan, V. V., Brooks, M. S., Budge, S. M., & Dave, D. (2013). Fish processing wastes as a potential source of proteins, amino acids and oils: A critical review. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, 5(4), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000110
- Irungu, F. G., Mutungi, C. M., Faraj, A. K., Affognon, H., Tanga, C., Ekesi, S., Nakimbugwe, D., & Fiaboe, K. K. M. (2018). Minerals content of extruded fish feeds containing cricket (Acheta domesticus) and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fractions. International Aquatic Research, 10(2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-018-0191-8
- Kousoulaki, K., Albrektsen, S., Langmyhr, E., Olsen, H. J., Campbell, P., & Aksnes, A. (2009). The water soluble fraction in fish meal (stickwater) stimulates growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) given high plant protein diets. Aquaculture, 289(1–2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.12.034
- Kristofersson, D., & Anderson, J. L. (2004). Structural Breaks in the Fishmeal - Soybean Meal Price Relationship **.
- Merrill, A.L. & Watt, B.K. (1973). Energy value of Foods,...basis andderivation. Agriculture handbook No. 74, p. 2. United StatesDepartment of Agriculture: Agriculture research service.
- Moghaddam, H. N., Mesgaran, M. D., Najafabadi, H. J., & Najafabadi, R. J. (2007). Determination of Chemical Composition, Mineral Contents, and Protein Quality of Iranian Kilka Fish Meal. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6(5), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.354.361
- Özal, E. (2021). Kasım Online / Çevrimiçi. Proceedings Book of 3rd International Congress on Agricultural and Food EthicsAgricultural and Food Ethics, 5-6 november, 327–332.
- Ramirez, A. (2007). Salmon by-product proteins. FAO Fisheries Circular No.1027.FIIU/C1027, ISSN 0429-9329., 30.
- Storebakken, T., Shearer, K. D., Baeverfjord, G., Nielsen, B. G., Åsgård, T., Scott, T., & De Laporte, A. (2000). Digestibility of macronutrients, energy and amino acids, absorption of elements and absence of intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed diets with wheat gluten. Aquaculture, 184(1–2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00316-6
- Tacon, A. G. J. (2002). Thematic Review of Feeds and Feed Management Practices in Shrimp Aquaculture. In Report prepared under the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the Environment. Work in Progress for Public Discussion. Published by the Consortium. http://library.enaca.org/Shrimp/Case/Thematic/FinalFeed.pdf
- TUIK (2023). Fishery Statistic. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara
- Zarkadas, C. G., Hulan, H. W., & Proudfoot, F. G. (1986). The amino acid and mineral composition of white fish meal containing enzyme-digested or untreated stickwater solids. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 14(3–4), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90101-X
Sürdürülebilir Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Balık Yan Ürünlerinin Kullanımı: Oncorhynchus mykiss Yan Ürünlerinden Elde Edilen Balık Ununun Beslenme Analizi
Öz
Bu çalışma, Karadeniz'de yetiştirilen ve Türk Somonu olarak bilinen Oncorhynchus mykiss'in işleme artıklarından elde edilen balık ununun besinsel bileşimini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bulgular, elde edilen balık ununun yüksek ham protein içeriğine (%65.22 ± 0.118) ve ham yağ içeriğine (%9.28 ± 0.139) sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, balık ununun enerji değeri 358.75 ± 3.633 kcal/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Mineral madde analizi, balık ununun önemli miktarda kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum içerdiğini göstermektedir. Ağır metal analizi sonuçları ise arsenik, kurşun, kadmiyum ve cıva içeriğinin sırasıyla 3.51 ± 0.470, 1.46 ± 0.136, 0.15 ± 0.004 ve 0.007 ± 0.012 mg/kg olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, Türk Somonu işleme artıklarından elde edilen balık ununun yüksek besinsel değer taşıdığını ve sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği için alternatif bir hammadde olarak düşünülebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın, balık işleme endüstrisinde atık yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarına önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sürdürülebilir Su ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Somon İşleme Artıkları Besin Kompozisyonu Balık Unu
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma için etik iznine gerek yoktur.
Proje Numarası
No funding was utilized for this study
Teşekkür
Sinop Üniversitesi Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırmalar Merkezine teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
- AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Edited Patrica Cunniff. Chapter 35, Fish and Other Marine Products, AOAC Official methods of analysis 938.08. Chapter 35, Chapter Editor James M. Hungerford. Published AOAC International, ISBN 0-935584-54-4 and ISSN 1080-0344.
- Anonymous (2005). Code of Federal Regulations. FDA, HHS, 21, part 101.9.
- Bassompierre, M., Larsen, K. L., Zimmermann, W., Mclean, E., Børresen, T., & Sandfeld, P. (1998). Comparison of chemical, electrophoretic and in vitro digestion methods for predicting fish meal nutritive quality.
- Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(4), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00073.x
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2005). Sinop ilinde bulunan su ürünleri işleme tesislerinin durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Su Ürünleri Mühendisleri Dergisi, 24(4), 53–56.
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2019a). Nutritional Composition of Fishmeal Obtained from Different Raw Materials in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(3), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.636806
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2019b). The Effect of Raw Material Freshness on Fish Oil Quality Produced in Fish Meal & Oil Plant. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(3), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.636002
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2021a). Effect of Freshness on Fish Meal Quality; Anchovy Meal. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.824885
- Bayrakli, B., & Duyar, H. A. (2021b). The Effect On Fishmeal Element Quality Of Different Processing Methods: Evaporator System. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.922865
- Bayrakli, B., Özdemir, S., & Duyar, H. A. (2019). A Study on Fishing and Fish Meal-oil Processing Technology of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Black Sea. Menba Journal of Fisheries Faculty, 5(2), 9–16.
- Chen, Y., Mitra, A., Rahimnejad, S., Chi, S., Kumar, V., Tan, B., Niu, J., & Xie, S. (2023). Retrospect of fish meal substitution in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feed: Alternatives, limitations and future prospects. Reviews in Aquaculture, May, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12843
- Cho, H. O., Byun, M. W., Kwon, J. H., & Lee, J. W. (1987). Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Ethylene Oxide Fumigation on the Quality of Dried Marine Products (Shrimp, Anchovy). The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety, 2(1), 21–27.
- De Koning, Adrianus J. (2002). Quantitative quality tests for fish meal. II: An investigation of the quality of South African fish meals and the validity of a number of chemical quality indices. International Journal of Food Properties, 5(3), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1081/JFP-120015487
- De Koning, Adrianus Jan. (2005). Properties of South African fish meal: A review. South African Journal of Science, 101(1–2), 21–25.
- Duyar, H. A., & Bayrakli, B. (2023). Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Oil Derived by Different Techniques from By-Products of Cultured Black Sea Salmon, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, X, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1187017
- Einarsson, M. I., Jokumsen, A., Bæk, A. M., Jacobsen, C., Pedersen, S. A., Samuelsen, T. A., Palsson, J., Eliasen, O., & Flesland, O. (2019). Nordic Centre of Excellence Network in Fishmeal and Fish oil. 119.
- FAO (2019). Fishery and aquaculture statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5495t/CA5495T.pdf
- Ferris, D.A., and C.W. Shanklin (1993). Cost of alternative methods of disposal of food waste in a university food service operation. National Association of College and University Food Service Journal 26 (10): 49–56.
- Ghaly, A. E., Ramakrishnan, V. V., Brooks, M. S., Budge, S. M., & Dave, D. (2013). Fish processing wastes as a potential source of proteins, amino acids and oils: A critical review. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, 5(4), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000110
- Irungu, F. G., Mutungi, C. M., Faraj, A. K., Affognon, H., Tanga, C., Ekesi, S., Nakimbugwe, D., & Fiaboe, K. K. M. (2018). Minerals content of extruded fish feeds containing cricket (Acheta domesticus) and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fractions. International Aquatic Research, 10(2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-018-0191-8
- Kousoulaki, K., Albrektsen, S., Langmyhr, E., Olsen, H. J., Campbell, P., & Aksnes, A. (2009). The water soluble fraction in fish meal (stickwater) stimulates growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) given high plant protein diets. Aquaculture, 289(1–2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.12.034
- Kristofersson, D., & Anderson, J. L. (2004). Structural Breaks in the Fishmeal - Soybean Meal Price Relationship **.
- Merrill, A.L. & Watt, B.K. (1973). Energy value of Foods,...basis andderivation. Agriculture handbook No. 74, p. 2. United StatesDepartment of Agriculture: Agriculture research service.
- Moghaddam, H. N., Mesgaran, M. D., Najafabadi, H. J., & Najafabadi, R. J. (2007). Determination of Chemical Composition, Mineral Contents, and Protein Quality of Iranian Kilka Fish Meal. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6(5), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.354.361
- Özal, E. (2021). Kasım Online / Çevrimiçi. Proceedings Book of 3rd International Congress on Agricultural and Food EthicsAgricultural and Food Ethics, 5-6 november, 327–332.
- Ramirez, A. (2007). Salmon by-product proteins. FAO Fisheries Circular No.1027.FIIU/C1027, ISSN 0429-9329., 30.
- Storebakken, T., Shearer, K. D., Baeverfjord, G., Nielsen, B. G., Åsgård, T., Scott, T., & De Laporte, A. (2000). Digestibility of macronutrients, energy and amino acids, absorption of elements and absence of intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed diets with wheat gluten. Aquaculture, 184(1–2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00316-6
- Tacon, A. G. J. (2002). Thematic Review of Feeds and Feed Management Practices in Shrimp Aquaculture. In Report prepared under the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the Environment. Work in Progress for Public Discussion. Published by the Consortium. http://library.enaca.org/Shrimp/Case/Thematic/FinalFeed.pdf
- TUIK (2023). Fishery Statistic. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara
- Zarkadas, C. G., Hulan, H. W., & Proudfoot, F. G. (1986). The amino acid and mineral composition of white fish meal containing enzyme-digested or untreated stickwater solids. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 14(3–4), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90101-X
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Su Ürünleri Teknolojileri |
| Bölüm | Araştırmalar |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | No funding was utilized for this study |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Aralık 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 |
