Araştırma Makalesi
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First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 23 - 31, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.668529

Öz

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea
gigas
) has a very important economic potential for aquaculture, but on the
other hand, is among the highly invasive species in the world and within the
Mediterranean ecosystem. In the 1960s,
C. gigas was brought to Europe
for aquaculture in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions from Japan and
Canada. The Turkish waters are the part of the Mediterranean Sea, which is the
world’s most invaded sea. The invasion of alien species results from marine
transportation and aquaculture activities of non-native species. A heavy
maritime traffic is also present in the Marmara Sea, which connects the Black
Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The identification of the invasive species and their
distributions is very prominent in terms of protecting natural habitat and
monitoring the effects of invasive species. In this study, 30 individuals,
morphologically identified as
C. gigas, were collected from Bandırma
bay. The genomic DNAs were extracted from each sample’s muscle tissue using
universal salt extraction method. Partial sequences of COI and 16S
Mitochondrial DNA loci of the sample DNAs were obtained for species
identification. The sequences were searched against the database and results
were retrieved from BLAST. All the sequences obtained in this study showed
significant similarity with the
C. gigas sequences present in the
database (E=0). The sample sequences resulted in 9 different haplotypes for the
COI locus (hd: 0.5296 and variance: 0.01256±0.112) and 5 different haplotypes
for the 16S rDNA locus (hd: 0.2529, Variance: 0.01076±0.104). The results of
this study provided the first molecular evidence for the presence of non-native
Pacific oyster individuals in the Marmara Sea.

Destekleyen Kurum

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Project No: FBA 2014-331, granted to Sefa Acarlı).

Proje Numarası

FBA 2014-331

Teşekkür

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Project No: FBA 2014-331, granted to Sefa Acarlı).

Kaynakça

  • Acarli, S., Lök, A., Kirtik, A., Acarli, D., Serdar, S., Kucukdermenci, A., Yigitkurt, S., Yildiz, H. & Saltan, A. N. (2015). Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey. Scientia Marina, 79(4): 487-495. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04202.16A
  • Acarli, S., Vural, P. & Gündüz, F. (2017). Meat yield and condition index of invasive species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in Bandirma Bay (Marmara Sea, Turkey). International İskenderun Bay Symposium, 11-13 October 2017, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey, 120 pp.
  • Albayrak, S., Balkıs, H. & Balkıs, N. (2004). Bivalvia (Mollusca) fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Acta Adriatica, 45(1): 9-26.
  • Albayrak, S. (2011). Alien marine bivalve species reported from Turkish seas. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 52: 107–118.
  • Aljanabi, S. M. & Martinez, I. (1997). Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high-quality genomic DNA for PCR- based techniques. Nucleic Acids Research, 25(22): 4692-4693.
  • Angles d’Auriac, M. B., Rinde, E., Norling, P., Lapègue, S., Staalstrøm, A., Hjermann, D. Ø. & Thaulow, J. (2017). Rapid expansion of the invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas at its northern distribution limit in Europe: Naturally dispersed or introduced? PLoS ONE, 12(5): e0177481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177481
  • Boudry, P., Heurtebise, S. & Lapègue, S. (2003). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation of presumed Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata specimens: A new oyster species in Hong Kong? Aquaculture, 228(1-4): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00443-5
  • Crocetta, F. (2011). Marine alien Mollusca in the Gulf of Trieste and neighboring areas: A critical review and state of knowledge (updated in 2011). Acta Adriatica, 52(2): 247–260.
  • Crocetta, F., Mariottini, P., Salvi, D. & Oliverio, M. (2015). Does GenBank provide a reliable DNA barcode reference to identify small alien oysters invading the Mediterranean Sea? Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95(1): 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001027
  • Çınar, M. E., Bilecenoglu, M., Ozturk, Β., Katagan, T., Yokeş, Μ., Aysel, V., Dagli, E., Açik, S., Ozcan, T. & Erdogan, H. (2011). An updated review of alien species on the coasts of Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 12(2): 257-315. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.34
  • Çevik, C., Ozturk, B. & Buzzuro, G. (2001). The presence of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) and Saccosterea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley, 1933) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. La Conchiglia, 32(298): 25-28.
  • DAISIE, (2016). Crassostrea gigas species factsheet. Delivering alien species inventories for Europe. Retrieved in January 7, 2019 from http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=50156#
  • Doğan A., Önen M. & Öztürk B. (2007). Ildır Körfezi (İzmir Çeşme) Bivalvia (Mollusca) faunası. Türk Sucul Yaşam Dergisi, Ulusal Su Günleri 2007 Sempozyum Özel Sayısı: 27-35.
  • Diederich, S., Nehls, G., van Beusekom, J. E. E. & Reise, K. (2005). Introduced Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the northern Wadden Sea: Invasion accelerated by warm summers? Helgoland Marine Research, 59(2): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-004-0195-1
  • Dridi, S., Romdhane, M. S. & El Cafsi, M. (2006) Evidence of Crassostrea gigas reproduction in the Bizert Lagoon, Tunisia. Journal of Biology Research, 5: 35–45.
  • Dolmer, P., Holm, M. W., Strand, A, Lindergarth, S., Bodvin, T., Norling. P. & Mortensen, S. (2014). The invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavian coastal waters: A risk assessment on the impact in different habitats and climate conditions. Norway, Bergen: Institute of Marine Research, 2014 March. Report No.: 2/2014 Contract No: 80190.
  • Keskin, E. & Atar, H. H. (2013). DNA barcoding commercially important aquatic invertebrates of Turkey, Mitochondrial DNA, 24(4): 440-450. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2012.762576
  • FAO. (2020). Fishery Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved in January 3, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/query/en
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  • Galil, B. S. (2000). A sea under siege – alien species in the Mediterranean. Biological Invasions, 2: 177–186.
  • Galvão, M. S. N., Alves, P. M. F. & Hilsdorf, A. W. S. (2017). First record of the Saccostrea oyster in Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 43(4): 638-645. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n4p638
  • Grizel, H. & Heral, M. (1991). Introduction in to France of the Japanese oyster (Crassostrea gigas). ICES Journal of Marine Science, 47(3): 399–403.
  • Hebert, P. D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & Dewaard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1512): 313-321.
  • Işık, R. & Bilgen, G. (2019). Associations between genetic variants of the POU1F1 gene and production traits in Saanen goats. Archives Animal Breeding, 62(1): 249-255. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-249-2019
  • Işık, R. (2019). The identification of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of equine beta-lactoglobulin and lactotransferrin genes. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 75: 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.005
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7): 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  • Lallias, D., Boudry, P., Batista, F. M., Beaumont, A., King, J. W., Turner, J. R. & Lapègue, S. (2015). Invasion genetics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the British Isles inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. Biological invasions, 17(9): 2581-2595.
  • Lam, K. & Morton, B. (2006). Morphological and mitochondrial-DNA analysis of the Indo-West Pacific rock oysters (Ostreidae: Saccostrea species). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 72: 235–245.
  • Lapègue, S., Boutet, I., Leitão, A, Heuertebise, S., Garcia, P., Thiriot-Quiévreux, C. & Boudry, P. (2002). Trans-Atlantic distribution of mangrove oyster species revealed by 16S mtDNA and karyological analyses. The Biological Bulletin, 202(3): 232-242. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543473
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 23 - 31, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.668529

Öz

Proje Numarası

FBA 2014-331

Kaynakça

  • Acarli, S., Lök, A., Kirtik, A., Acarli, D., Serdar, S., Kucukdermenci, A., Yigitkurt, S., Yildiz, H. & Saltan, A. N. (2015). Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey. Scientia Marina, 79(4): 487-495. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04202.16A
  • Acarli, S., Vural, P. & Gündüz, F. (2017). Meat yield and condition index of invasive species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in Bandirma Bay (Marmara Sea, Turkey). International İskenderun Bay Symposium, 11-13 October 2017, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey, 120 pp.
  • Albayrak, S., Balkıs, H. & Balkıs, N. (2004). Bivalvia (Mollusca) fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Acta Adriatica, 45(1): 9-26.
  • Albayrak, S. (2011). Alien marine bivalve species reported from Turkish seas. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 52: 107–118.
  • Aljanabi, S. M. & Martinez, I. (1997). Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high-quality genomic DNA for PCR- based techniques. Nucleic Acids Research, 25(22): 4692-4693.
  • Angles d’Auriac, M. B., Rinde, E., Norling, P., Lapègue, S., Staalstrøm, A., Hjermann, D. Ø. & Thaulow, J. (2017). Rapid expansion of the invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas at its northern distribution limit in Europe: Naturally dispersed or introduced? PLoS ONE, 12(5): e0177481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177481
  • Boudry, P., Heurtebise, S. & Lapègue, S. (2003). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation of presumed Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata specimens: A new oyster species in Hong Kong? Aquaculture, 228(1-4): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00443-5
  • Crocetta, F. (2011). Marine alien Mollusca in the Gulf of Trieste and neighboring areas: A critical review and state of knowledge (updated in 2011). Acta Adriatica, 52(2): 247–260.
  • Crocetta, F., Mariottini, P., Salvi, D. & Oliverio, M. (2015). Does GenBank provide a reliable DNA barcode reference to identify small alien oysters invading the Mediterranean Sea? Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95(1): 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001027
  • Çınar, M. E., Bilecenoglu, M., Ozturk, Β., Katagan, T., Yokeş, Μ., Aysel, V., Dagli, E., Açik, S., Ozcan, T. & Erdogan, H. (2011). An updated review of alien species on the coasts of Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 12(2): 257-315. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.34
  • Çevik, C., Ozturk, B. & Buzzuro, G. (2001). The presence of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) and Saccosterea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley, 1933) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. La Conchiglia, 32(298): 25-28.
  • DAISIE, (2016). Crassostrea gigas species factsheet. Delivering alien species inventories for Europe. Retrieved in January 7, 2019 from http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=50156#
  • Doğan A., Önen M. & Öztürk B. (2007). Ildır Körfezi (İzmir Çeşme) Bivalvia (Mollusca) faunası. Türk Sucul Yaşam Dergisi, Ulusal Su Günleri 2007 Sempozyum Özel Sayısı: 27-35.
  • Diederich, S., Nehls, G., van Beusekom, J. E. E. & Reise, K. (2005). Introduced Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the northern Wadden Sea: Invasion accelerated by warm summers? Helgoland Marine Research, 59(2): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-004-0195-1
  • Dridi, S., Romdhane, M. S. & El Cafsi, M. (2006) Evidence of Crassostrea gigas reproduction in the Bizert Lagoon, Tunisia. Journal of Biology Research, 5: 35–45.
  • Dolmer, P., Holm, M. W., Strand, A, Lindergarth, S., Bodvin, T., Norling. P. & Mortensen, S. (2014). The invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavian coastal waters: A risk assessment on the impact in different habitats and climate conditions. Norway, Bergen: Institute of Marine Research, 2014 March. Report No.: 2/2014 Contract No: 80190.
  • Keskin, E. & Atar, H. H. (2013). DNA barcoding commercially important aquatic invertebrates of Turkey, Mitochondrial DNA, 24(4): 440-450. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2012.762576
  • FAO. (2020). Fishery Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved in January 3, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/query/en
  • Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3(5): 294-299.
  • Galil, B. S. (2000). A sea under siege – alien species in the Mediterranean. Biological Invasions, 2: 177–186.
  • Galvão, M. S. N., Alves, P. M. F. & Hilsdorf, A. W. S. (2017). First record of the Saccostrea oyster in Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 43(4): 638-645. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n4p638
  • Grizel, H. & Heral, M. (1991). Introduction in to France of the Japanese oyster (Crassostrea gigas). ICES Journal of Marine Science, 47(3): 399–403.
  • Hebert, P. D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & Dewaard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1512): 313-321.
  • Işık, R. & Bilgen, G. (2019). Associations between genetic variants of the POU1F1 gene and production traits in Saanen goats. Archives Animal Breeding, 62(1): 249-255. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-249-2019
  • Işık, R. (2019). The identification of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of equine beta-lactoglobulin and lactotransferrin genes. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 75: 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.005
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7): 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  • Lallias, D., Boudry, P., Batista, F. M., Beaumont, A., King, J. W., Turner, J. R. & Lapègue, S. (2015). Invasion genetics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the British Isles inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. Biological invasions, 17(9): 2581-2595.
  • Lam, K. & Morton, B. (2006). Morphological and mitochondrial-DNA analysis of the Indo-West Pacific rock oysters (Ostreidae: Saccostrea species). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 72: 235–245.
  • Lapègue, S., Boutet, I., Leitão, A, Heuertebise, S., Garcia, P., Thiriot-Quiévreux, C. & Boudry, P. (2002). Trans-Atlantic distribution of mangrove oyster species revealed by 16S mtDNA and karyological analyses. The Biological Bulletin, 202(3): 232-242. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543473
  • Laugen, A. T., Hollander, J., Obst, M. & Strand, Å. (2015). The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) invasion in Scandinavian coastal waters in a changing climate: Impact on local ecosystem services. pp. 230-252. In: Canning-Clode, J. (Ed.), Biological invasions in changing ecosystems: Vectors, ecological impacts, management and predictions. Warsaw, Poland: De Gruyter Open Ltd. 488 p.
  • Lazoski, C., Gusmão, J., Boudry, P., & Solé-Cava, A. M. (2011). Phylogeny and phylogeography of Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history, limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 426: 197-212. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09035
  • Librado, P. & Rozas, J. (2009). DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25(11): 1451-1452. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187
  • Lipej, L., Mavric, B., Orlando-Bonaca, M., & Malej, A. (2012). State of the art of the marine non-indigenous flora and fauna in Slovenia. Mediterranean Marine Science, 13(2): 243-249. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.304
  • Liu, J. U. N., Li, Q. I., Kong, L., Yu, H. & Zheng, X. (2011). Identifying the true oysters (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) with mitochondrial phylogeny and distance‐based DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11(5): 820-830. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03025.x
  • Markert, A., Wehrmann, A. & Kröncke I. (2009). Recently established Crassostrea-reefs versus native Mytilus-beds: differences in ecosystem engineering affects the macrofaunal communities (Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, southern German Bight). Biological Invasions, 12: 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9425-4
  • Miossec, L., Le Deuff, R. M. & Goulletquer, P. (2009). Alien species alert: Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster). ICES Cooperative Research Report. Report No: 299. 42 p.
  • Nehls, G., Diederich, S., Thieltges, D. W. & Strasser, M. (2006). Wadden Sea mussel beds invaded by oysters and slipper limpets: competition or climate control? Helgoland Marine Research, 60(2): 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-006-0032-9
  • Nehring, S. (2011). NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Crassostrea gigas. Retrieved in September 23, 2019 from Online Database of the NOBANIS, European Network on Invasive Alien Species. www.nobanis.org
  • Özcan Gökçek, E., Lök, A., Karahan, B. & Kurtay, E. (2017). Identification of different oyster species using RAPD-PCR. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(1): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.1.04
  • Özden, O., Alpbaz, A. G. & Tekin, M. (1993). Süyo (Homa) Dalyanında İstiridye (Crassostrea gigas) Yetiştiriciliği Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. E.Ü. Eğitiminin 10. Yılında Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, pp. 609-621, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Özdil, F., Bulut, H. & Işık, R. (2019). Genetic diversity of κ-casein (CSN3) and lactoferrin (LTF) genes in the endangered Turkish donkey (Equus asinus) populations. Archives Animal Breeding, 62: 77–82. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-77-2019
  • Pagenkopp Lohan, K. M., Hill-Spanik, K. M., Torchin, M. E., Strong, E. E., Fleischer, R. C. & Ruiz, G. M. (2015). Molecular phylogenetics reveals first record and invasion of Saccostrea species in the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 162(5): 957–968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2637-5
  • Palumbi, S. R. (1996) Nucleic acids II: The polymerase chain reaction. p. 205–247. In: Hillis, D. M., Moritz, C. & Mable, B.K., (Eds.), Molecular Systematics. Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer & Associates Inc.
  • Pecarevic, M., Mikus, J., Bratos Cetinic, A., Dulcic, J. & Calic, M. (2013). Introduced marine species in Croatian waters (Eastern Adriatic Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 14(1): 224-237. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.383
  • Reece, K. S., Cordes, J. F., Stubbs, J. B., Hudson, K. L. & Francis, E. A. (2008). Molecular phylogenies help resolve taxonomic confusion with Asian Crassostrea oyster species. Marine Biology, 153(4): 709-721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0846-2
  • Ren, J., Hou, Z., Wang, H., Sun, M., Liu, X., Liu, B. & Guo, X. (2016). Intraspecific variation in mitogenomes of five Crassostrea species provides insight into Oyster diversification and speciation. Marine Biotechnology, 18(2): 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9686-8
  • Salvi, D., Macali, A. & Mariottini, P. (2014). Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of the bivalve family Ostreidae based on rRNA sequence-structure models and multilocus species tree. PLoS ONE, 9(9): e108696. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108696
  • Schmidt, A., Wehrmann, A. & Dittmann, S. (2008). Population dynamics of the invasive Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas during the early stages of an outbreak in the Wadden Sea (Germany). Helgoland Marine Research, 62(4): 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-008-0125-8
  • Segvic-Bubic, T., Grubıšıć, L., Zrnčıć, S., Jozıć, S., Žužul, I., Talıjančıć, I., Oraıć, D., Relić, M. & Katavıć, I. (2016). Range expansion of the non-native oyster Crassostrea gigas in the Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 57(2): 321-330.
  • Smyth, D., Mahon, A. M., Roberts, D. & Kregting, L. (2018). Settlement of Ostrea edulis is determined by the availability of hard substrata rather than by its nature: Implications for stock recovery and restoration of the European oyster. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 28(3): 662-671. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2876
  • Tebble, N. (1966). British bivalve seashells: A hand book for identification. London, UK: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). 212 p.
  • Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22(22): 4673-4680.
  • Wilkie, E. M., Bishop, M. J. & O’Connor, W. A. (2012). Are native Saccostrea glomerata and invasive Crassostrea gigas oysters’ habitat equivalents for epibenthic communities in south-eastern Australia? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 420-421: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2012.03.018
  • Varela, E. S., Beasley, C. R., Schneider, H., Sampaio, I., Marques-Silva, N. D. S. & Tagliaro, C. H. (2007). Molecular phylogeny of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea) from Brazil. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73(3): 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eym018
  • Yildiz, H., Berber, S., Acarli, S. & Vural, P. (2011). Seasonal variation in the condition index, meat yield and biochemical composition of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Dardanelles, Turkey. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10(1): e5. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2011.e5
  • Yüksek, A. (1989). The investigation of littoral biota of southern coast of Marmara Island. Bulletin of Institute of Marine Sciences and Geography, Istanbul University, 6(6): 203-216.
  • Zenetos, Α., Gofas, S., Morri, C., Rosso, A., Violanti, D., García Raso, J., Çınar, M. E., Almogi-Labin, A., Ates, A. S., Azzurro, E., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C. N., Bilecenoglu, M., Gambi, M. C., Giangrande, A., Gravili, C., Hyams-Kaphzan, O., Karachle, P. K., Katsanevakis, S., Lipej, L., Mastrototaro, F., Mineur, F., Panucci-Papadopoulou, M. A., Ramos Esplá, A., Salas, C., San Martin, G., Sfriso, A., Streftaris, N. & Verlaque, M. (2012). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Mediterranean Marine Science, 13(2): 328-352. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.327
  • Zibrowius, H. (1992). Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean marine fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mésogée, 51: 83–107.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hidrobiyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emel Özcan Gökçek 0000-0001-6566-7680

Sefa Acarlı 0000-0002-5891-5938

Bilge Karahan 0000-0002-5609-5630

Pervin Vural 0000-0002-1810-1112

Evren Koban Baştanlar 0000-0002-6296-9728

Proje Numarası FBA 2014-331
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 3 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan Gökçek, E., Acarlı, S., Karahan, B., Vural, P., vd. (2020). First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 9(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.668529
AMA Özcan Gökçek E, Acarlı S, Karahan B, Vural P, Koban Baştanlar E. First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. Haziran 2020;9(1):23-31. doi:10.33714/masteb.668529
Chicago Özcan Gökçek, Emel, Sefa Acarlı, Bilge Karahan, Pervin Vural, ve Evren Koban Baştanlar. “First Molecular Record of the Alien Species Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 9, sy. 1 (Haziran 2020): 23-31. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.668529.
EndNote Özcan Gökçek E, Acarlı S, Karahan B, Vural P, Koban Baştanlar E (01 Haziran 2020) First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 9 1 23–31.
IEEE E. Özcan Gökçek, S. Acarlı, B. Karahan, P. Vural, ve E. Koban Baştanlar, “First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey”, Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 23–31, 2020, doi: 10.33714/masteb.668529.
ISNAD Özcan Gökçek, Emel vd. “First Molecular Record of the Alien Species Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 9/1 (Haziran 2020), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.668529.
JAMA Özcan Gökçek E, Acarlı S, Karahan B, Vural P, Koban Baştanlar E. First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2020;9:23–31.
MLA Özcan Gökçek, Emel vd. “First Molecular Record of the Alien Species Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, c. 9, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 23-31, doi:10.33714/masteb.668529.
Vancouver Özcan Gökçek E, Acarlı S, Karahan B, Vural P, Koban Baştanlar E. First molecular record of the alien species Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg 1793) in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2020;9(1):23-31.

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