What is the latest status of cats' health in Hatay (Türkiye) province following the SARS-COV 2 pandemic?
Öz
The current study, as episode two, focused on the latest status of gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and hepatobiliary diseases, which might be induced by stress in cats following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Hatay province in Türkiye. The study looked at post-pandemic (June 2021–June 2022) diagnosis data of cats with gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and hepatobiliary diseases (n: 147), admitted to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Veterinary Health, Practice, and Research Center. The average age of the cats admitted to the clinic was 33.04 ± 2.77 months in post-pandemic period. The ages of the cats diagnosed with gastrointestinal, urinary tract and hepatobiliary diseases were 27.78 ± 4.33, 38.04 ± 3.95, and 40.12 ± 6.27, respectively. There were no breed and sex difference for diseases diagnosed in post-pandemic duration. Distributions of gastrointestinal, urinary, and hepatobiliary diseases were determined as 51.0%, 37.4%, and 11.6%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the cat breeds that presented to the clinic in terms of gastrointestinal, urinary, and hepatobiliary diseases. Gastroenteritis (40%), gastritis (17.33%), and unconfirmed and suspected Feline inflammatory bowel disease (13.33%) are more diagnosed digestive system diseases. Cystitis (54.54%) and hemorrhagic cystitis (32.72%) were commonly diagnosed in urinary diseases. Besides, cholangiohepatitis was commonly diagnosed either alone (41.17%) or accompanied by hepatic lipidosis (23.52%) or cholecystitis (17.65%) in cats following the pandemic. Consequentially, although restrictions implemented during the pandemic that caused stress on cats were ended, the chronic impacts of stress seem to be continuing on cats, especially in terms of the gastrointestinal system, following the pandemic.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cat Gastrointestinal disorders Post-Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Stress
Destekleyen Kurum
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Teşekkür
We would like to thank MSc students Gizem Şeyma Bölük, Hindreen Mohammed Radhi, and Büşra Talan for their assistance with the clinical examination and case application. In addition, this work is dedicated to our colleagues and friends, Dr. Pınar Ambarcıoğlu Kısaçam, Dr. Mehmet Ali Kısaçam, Dr. Erhan Tek, and Assoc. Prof. İbrahim Ozan Tekeli, who died in a devastating earthquake tragedy in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, and we wish them eternal peace in paradise.
Kaynakça
- Adamelli, S., Marinelli, L., Normando, S., & Bono, G. (2005). Owner and cat features influence the quality of life of the cat. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 94(1–2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.02.003
- Amat, M., Camps, T., & Manteca, X. (2016). Stress in owned cats: behavioural changes and welfare implications. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(8), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X15590867
- Batson, A. (2008). Global Companion Animal Ownership and Trade: Project Summary. World Society for the Protection of Companion Animals (WSPCA). https://cupdf.com/document/global-reports-tcm.html?page=1/ [Accessed Date: 20.07.2023]
- Bernstein, P. L. (2007). The Human-Cat Relationship. In: Rochlitz, I. (editor). The Welfare of Cats, Springer Netherlands. pp. 47–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3227-1_3
- Bowen, J., García, E., Darder, P., Argüelles, J., & Fatjó, J. (2020). The effects of the Spanish COVID-19 lockdown on people, their pets, and the human-animal bond. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 40, 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2020.05.013
- Bradshaw, J. W. S., & Cook, S. E. (1996). Patterns of pet cat behaviour at feeding occasions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 47(1–2), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)01011-4
- Broom, D. M., & Johnson, K. G. (1993). Stress and Animal Welfare. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0980-2
- Buffington, C. A. T. (2002). External and internal influences on disease risk in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 220(7), 994–1002. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.994
- Buffington, C. A. T. (2011). Idiopathic cystitis in domestic cats-beyond the lower urinary tract. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(4), 784–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0732.x
- Casey, R. A., Vandenbussche, S., Bradshaw, J. W. S., & Roberts, M. A. (2009). Reasons for relinquishment and return of domestic cats (felis silvestris catus) to rescue shelters in the UK. Anthrozoos, 22(4), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279309X12538695316185
- Černá, P., Kilpatrick, S., & Gunn-Moore, D. A. (2020). Feline comorbidities: What do we really know about feline triaditis? Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 22(11), 1047–1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X20965831
- Edney, A. T. B. (1998). Reasons for the euthanasia of dogs and cats. Veterinary Record, 143(4), 114. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.4.114
- Enck, P., & Holtmann, G. (1992). Stress and gastrointestinal motility in animals: a review of the literature. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 4(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1992.tb00084.x
- Fatjó, J., & Bowen, J. (2020). Making the case for multi-axis assessment of behavioural problems. Animals, 10(3), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030383
- Hargrave, C. (2015). Anxiety, fear, frustration and stress in cats and dogs — Implications for the welfare of companion animals and practice finances. Companion Animal, 20(3), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2015.20.3.136
- Horwitz, D. F., & Rodan, I. (2018). Behavioral awareness in the feline consultation: Understanding physical and emotional health. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 20(5), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X18771204
- Huremović, D. (2019). Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History). In: Huremović, D. (editor). Psychiatry of Pandemics, Springer International Publishing. pp. 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2
- Islam, M. S., Potenza, M. N., & van Os, J. (2021). Posttraumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Upcoming challenges in Bangladesh and preventive strategies. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(2), 205–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020954469
- Jensen, J. B. H., Sandøe, P., & Nielsen, S. S. (2020). Owner-Related Reasons Matter more than Behavioural Problems—A Study of Why Owners Relinquished Dogs and Cats to a Danish Animal Shelter from 1996 to 2017. Animals, 10(6), 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061064
- Keeling, L., & Jensen, P. (2002). Behavioural Disturbances, Stress and Welfare. In: Jensen, P. (editor). The ethology of domestic animals: an introductory text, CABI Pub. pp. 79–98.
- Keser, G. Ö. (2018). İşitsel, koku uyaranlarının ve insan temasının barinak köpeklerinin stres seviyeleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/bitstream/11452/10200/3/G%c3%96KHAN%20%c3%96NDER%20KESER-K%c4%b1s%c4%b1tl%c4%b1%206%20ay.pdf
- Köse, S. İ., Sağkan Öztürk, A., & Uyanık, G. (2022). How did SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affect the cats’ health in Hatay province? A retrospective study. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 50, 100696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100696
- Kuzi, S., Segev, G., Kedar, S., Yas, E., & Aroch, I. (2017). Prognostic markers in feline hepatic lipidosis: A retrospective study of 71 cats. Veterinary Record, 181(19). https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104252
- Lue, T. W., Pantenburg, D. P., & Crawford, P. M. (2008). Impact of the owner-pet and client-veterinarian bond on the care that pets receive. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 232(4), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.4.531
- Maden, M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Health communication, one health and biosecurity. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.5336/vetsci.2020-76210
- Moberg, G., & Mench, J. (2000). The biology of animal stress: basic principles and implications for animal welfare. CABI Publishing.
- Piret, J., & Boivin, G. (2021). Pandemics throughout history. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 631736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736
- Rakesh, D., Tandon, K., Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. K. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20, 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-1746.2004.03508.x
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior. (2021). 81 İl Valiliğine Kademeli Normalleşme Tedbirleri Genelgesi Gönderildi. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/81-il-valiligine-kademeli-normallesme-tedbirleri-genelgesi-gonderildi [Accessed Date: 18.07.2023]
- Rodan, I. (2016). Importance of Feline Behavior in Veterinary Practice. In: Rodan, I. & Heath, S. (editors). Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier. pp. 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7401-2.00001-5
- Rodan, I., & Heath, S. (2016). Feline Behavior and Welfare. In: Rodan, I. & Heath, S. (editors). Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier. pp. 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7401-2.00002-7
- Ropski, M. K., Pike, A. L., & Ramezani, N. (2023). Analysis of illness and length of stay for cats in a foster-based rescue organization compared with cats housed in a cat café. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 62, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2023.02.002
- Rutgers, C. (1998). Feline liver disease. In Practice, 20(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.20.1.16 Salman, M. D., Hutchison, J., Ruch-Gallie, R., Kogan, L., New, J. C., Kass, P. H., & Scarlett, J. M. (2000). Behavioral reasons for relinquishment of dogs and cats to 12 shelters. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 3(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0302_2
- Şeker, M., Özer, A., Tosun, Z., Korkut, C., & Doğrul, M. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme Raporu. Turkish Academy of Sciences. http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/1. Versiyon Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme Raporu.pdf
- Shoesmith, E., Shahab, L., Kale, D., Mills, D. S., Reeve, C., Toner, P., de Assis, L. S., & Ratschen, E. (2021). The influence of human–animal interactions on mental and physical health during the first COVID-19 lockdown phase in the U.K.: A qualitative exploration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030976
- Stella, J., Croney, C., & Buffington, T. (2013). Effects of stressors on the behavior and physiology of domestic cats. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 143(2–4), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.10.014
- Stella, J. L., Lord, L. K., & Buffington, C. A. T. (2011). Sickness behaviors in response to unusual external events in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 238(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.238.1.67
- Tanaka, A., Wagner, D. C., Kass, P. H., & Hurley, K. F. (2012). Associations among weight loss, stress, and upper respiratory tract infection in shelter cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 240(5), 570–576. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.240.5.570
- Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
- Wood, L., Martin, K., Christian, H., Nathan, A., Lauritsen, C., Houghton, S., Kawachi, I., & McCune, S. (2015). The pet factor - companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people, friendship formation and social support. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0122085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122085
- World Health Organization. (2020). Who statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in wuhan, China. https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china [Accessed Date: 19.07.2023]
Öz
Bu çalışma, ikinci bölüm olarak, Türkiye'nin Hatay ilinde SARS-CoV-2 pandemisi sonrası kedilerde stresin tetikleyebileceği gastrointestinal, idrar yolu ve hepatobiliyer hastalıkların son durumuna odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Veteriner Sağlık, Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi'ne başvuran gastrointestinal, idrar yolları ve hepatobilier hastalıkları olan kedilerin (n: 147) post-pandemik (Haziran 2021–Haziran 2022) tanı verilerine bakılmıştır. Pandemi sonrası kliniğe başvuran kedilerin ortalama yaşı 33.04 ± 2.77 aydı. Gastrointestinal, idrar yolu ve hepatobiliyer hastalık tanısı konulan kedilerin yaşları sırasıyla 27.78 ± 4.33, 38.04 ± 3.95 ve 40.12 ± 6.27 idi. Pandemi sonrası dönemde teşhis edilen hastalıklar için ırk ve cinsiyet farkı yoktu. Pandeminin ardından kliniğe yaygın olarak getirilen kedi ırkları sırasıyla tekir, melez, British shorthair, İran ve Scottish fold-ear idi. Pandemi sonrası gastrointestinal, üriner ve hepatobiliyer hastalıkların dağılımları sırasıyla %51,0, %37,4 ve %11,6 olarak belirlendi. Kliniğe başvuran kedi ırkları arasında gastrointestinal, üriner ve hepatobilier hastalıklar açısından istatistiksel fark yoktu. Gastroenterit (%40), gastrit (%17,33) ve Feline inflamatuar barsak hastalığı şüpheli (%13,33) hastalıklar en yaygın teşhis edilen sindirim sistemi hastalıkları idi. Sistit (%54.54) ve hemorajik sistit (%32.72) yaygın olarak teşhis edilen hastalıklar idi. Ayrıca, kolanjiyohepatit, pandemi sonrasında kedilerde sıklıkla tek başına (%41,17) veya hepatik lipidoz (%23,52) ya da kolesistit (%17,65) ile birlikte teşhis edilmiş olgulardı. Sonuç olarak, pandemi döneminde uygulanan ve kediler üzerinde strese neden olan kısıtlamalara son verilmiş olsa da, pandemi sonrasında özellikle gastrointestinal sistem hastalıkları açısından stresin kediler üzerindeki kronik etkilerinin sürdüğü kanaatine varıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kedi Gastrointestinal bozukluklar Pandemi Sonrası SARS-CoV-2 Stres
Kaynakça
- Adamelli, S., Marinelli, L., Normando, S., & Bono, G. (2005). Owner and cat features influence the quality of life of the cat. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 94(1–2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.02.003
- Amat, M., Camps, T., & Manteca, X. (2016). Stress in owned cats: behavioural changes and welfare implications. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(8), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X15590867
- Batson, A. (2008). Global Companion Animal Ownership and Trade: Project Summary. World Society for the Protection of Companion Animals (WSPCA). https://cupdf.com/document/global-reports-tcm.html?page=1/ [Accessed Date: 20.07.2023]
- Bernstein, P. L. (2007). The Human-Cat Relationship. In: Rochlitz, I. (editor). The Welfare of Cats, Springer Netherlands. pp. 47–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3227-1_3
- Bowen, J., García, E., Darder, P., Argüelles, J., & Fatjó, J. (2020). The effects of the Spanish COVID-19 lockdown on people, their pets, and the human-animal bond. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 40, 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2020.05.013
- Bradshaw, J. W. S., & Cook, S. E. (1996). Patterns of pet cat behaviour at feeding occasions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 47(1–2), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)01011-4
- Broom, D. M., & Johnson, K. G. (1993). Stress and Animal Welfare. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0980-2
- Buffington, C. A. T. (2002). External and internal influences on disease risk in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 220(7), 994–1002. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.994
- Buffington, C. A. T. (2011). Idiopathic cystitis in domestic cats-beyond the lower urinary tract. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(4), 784–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0732.x
- Casey, R. A., Vandenbussche, S., Bradshaw, J. W. S., & Roberts, M. A. (2009). Reasons for relinquishment and return of domestic cats (felis silvestris catus) to rescue shelters in the UK. Anthrozoos, 22(4), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279309X12538695316185
- Černá, P., Kilpatrick, S., & Gunn-Moore, D. A. (2020). Feline comorbidities: What do we really know about feline triaditis? Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 22(11), 1047–1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X20965831
- Edney, A. T. B. (1998). Reasons for the euthanasia of dogs and cats. Veterinary Record, 143(4), 114. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.4.114
- Enck, P., & Holtmann, G. (1992). Stress and gastrointestinal motility in animals: a review of the literature. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 4(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1992.tb00084.x
- Fatjó, J., & Bowen, J. (2020). Making the case for multi-axis assessment of behavioural problems. Animals, 10(3), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030383
- Hargrave, C. (2015). Anxiety, fear, frustration and stress in cats and dogs — Implications for the welfare of companion animals and practice finances. Companion Animal, 20(3), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2015.20.3.136
- Horwitz, D. F., & Rodan, I. (2018). Behavioral awareness in the feline consultation: Understanding physical and emotional health. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 20(5), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X18771204
- Huremović, D. (2019). Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History). In: Huremović, D. (editor). Psychiatry of Pandemics, Springer International Publishing. pp. 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2
- Islam, M. S., Potenza, M. N., & van Os, J. (2021). Posttraumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Upcoming challenges in Bangladesh and preventive strategies. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(2), 205–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020954469
- Jensen, J. B. H., Sandøe, P., & Nielsen, S. S. (2020). Owner-Related Reasons Matter more than Behavioural Problems—A Study of Why Owners Relinquished Dogs and Cats to a Danish Animal Shelter from 1996 to 2017. Animals, 10(6), 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061064
- Keeling, L., & Jensen, P. (2002). Behavioural Disturbances, Stress and Welfare. In: Jensen, P. (editor). The ethology of domestic animals: an introductory text, CABI Pub. pp. 79–98.
- Keser, G. Ö. (2018). İşitsel, koku uyaranlarının ve insan temasının barinak köpeklerinin stres seviyeleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/bitstream/11452/10200/3/G%c3%96KHAN%20%c3%96NDER%20KESER-K%c4%b1s%c4%b1tl%c4%b1%206%20ay.pdf
- Köse, S. İ., Sağkan Öztürk, A., & Uyanık, G. (2022). How did SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affect the cats’ health in Hatay province? A retrospective study. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 50, 100696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100696
- Kuzi, S., Segev, G., Kedar, S., Yas, E., & Aroch, I. (2017). Prognostic markers in feline hepatic lipidosis: A retrospective study of 71 cats. Veterinary Record, 181(19). https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104252
- Lue, T. W., Pantenburg, D. P., & Crawford, P. M. (2008). Impact of the owner-pet and client-veterinarian bond on the care that pets receive. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 232(4), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.4.531
- Maden, M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Health communication, one health and biosecurity. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.5336/vetsci.2020-76210
- Moberg, G., & Mench, J. (2000). The biology of animal stress: basic principles and implications for animal welfare. CABI Publishing.
- Piret, J., & Boivin, G. (2021). Pandemics throughout history. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 631736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736
- Rakesh, D., Tandon, K., Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. K. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20, 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-1746.2004.03508.x
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior. (2021). 81 İl Valiliğine Kademeli Normalleşme Tedbirleri Genelgesi Gönderildi. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/81-il-valiligine-kademeli-normallesme-tedbirleri-genelgesi-gonderildi [Accessed Date: 18.07.2023]
- Rodan, I. (2016). Importance of Feline Behavior in Veterinary Practice. In: Rodan, I. & Heath, S. (editors). Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier. pp. 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7401-2.00001-5
- Rodan, I., & Heath, S. (2016). Feline Behavior and Welfare. In: Rodan, I. & Heath, S. (editors). Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier. pp. 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7401-2.00002-7
- Ropski, M. K., Pike, A. L., & Ramezani, N. (2023). Analysis of illness and length of stay for cats in a foster-based rescue organization compared with cats housed in a cat café. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 62, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2023.02.002
- Rutgers, C. (1998). Feline liver disease. In Practice, 20(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.20.1.16 Salman, M. D., Hutchison, J., Ruch-Gallie, R., Kogan, L., New, J. C., Kass, P. H., & Scarlett, J. M. (2000). Behavioral reasons for relinquishment of dogs and cats to 12 shelters. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 3(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0302_2
- Şeker, M., Özer, A., Tosun, Z., Korkut, C., & Doğrul, M. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme Raporu. Turkish Academy of Sciences. http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/1. Versiyon Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme Raporu.pdf
- Shoesmith, E., Shahab, L., Kale, D., Mills, D. S., Reeve, C., Toner, P., de Assis, L. S., & Ratschen, E. (2021). The influence of human–animal interactions on mental and physical health during the first COVID-19 lockdown phase in the U.K.: A qualitative exploration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030976
- Stella, J., Croney, C., & Buffington, T. (2013). Effects of stressors on the behavior and physiology of domestic cats. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 143(2–4), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.10.014
- Stella, J. L., Lord, L. K., & Buffington, C. A. T. (2011). Sickness behaviors in response to unusual external events in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 238(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.238.1.67
- Tanaka, A., Wagner, D. C., Kass, P. H., & Hurley, K. F. (2012). Associations among weight loss, stress, and upper respiratory tract infection in shelter cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 240(5), 570–576. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.240.5.570
- Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
- Wood, L., Martin, K., Christian, H., Nathan, A., Lauritsen, C., Houghton, S., Kawachi, I., & McCune, S. (2015). The pet factor - companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people, friendship formation and social support. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0122085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122085
- World Health Organization. (2020). Who statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in wuhan, China. https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china [Accessed Date: 19.07.2023]
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Hekimlik, Veteriner Tanı ve Teşhis, Veteriner Bilimleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
