Evaluation of Sediment Dredging on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Mogan Lake’s Sediment (Ankara, Turkey)
Öz
Sediment dredging (removal), a lake management method, is performed on a regular basis to improve the recreational value of Mogan Lake. The aim of the study is to a) determine heavy metal concentrations (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in the sediment after dredging and make evaluations based on the sediment quality criteria, b) define the potential sources of heavy metals by multivariate analyses, c) shed light on the effectiveness of the dredging in the context of current data. As indicated by the findings from two stations under the influence of mineral processing facilities (station I) and domestic wastewater discharges (station II) taken in May and November, 2020, the mean heavy metal concentrations in the sediment in decreasing order were Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg. Cr, Ni, and As levels were found to exceed the probable effect level (PEL) and therefore, the lake sediment was classified as heavily polluted in terms of Cr, Ni, Cu and As. Based on the Spearman’s correlation analysis, Cu-Cd, Zn-Pb, and As-Cd were found to have similar anthropogenic sources. Three main components determined by the principal component analysis also support this result; the differences in heavy metals originating from different anthropogenic sources reflect the environmental pollution diversity and pressure related to the heavy metal accumulation in the lake sediment. Based on our findings, sediment removal in Mogan lake can not be considered as effective intervention. As anthropogenic pollutants persist in the lake basin, sediment should be routinely monitored for heavy metal levels to ensure the lake's sustainable use.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sediment dredging, sediment quality, heavy metal, principal component analysis, Mogan Lake
Proje Numarası
19L0447010
Kaynakça
- Anonim (2013). Mogan’ı kirletmenin bedeli ağır oldu. Erişim tarihi: 23.08.2019, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/mogan-i-kirletmenin-bedeli-agir-oldu-22951119.
- Anonim (2016). Göller ve sulak alanlar eylem planı, 2016-2018. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Baralkiewicz, D., Gramowska, H., Kanecka, A. Krzyzaniak, I., & Goldyn, R. (2008). Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in the water of Swarzędzkie Lake (Poland). Environ Monit Assess., 143, 327–336. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9935-4
- Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzal, N., Gül, A., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12, (1), 45-55.
- Chen, M., Ding, S., Gao, S., Fu, Z., Tang, W., Wu, Y., Gong, M., Wang, D., & Wang, Y. (2019). Efficacy of dredging engineering as a means to remove heavy metals from lake sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 665, 181–190. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.057
- Dai, L., Wang, L., Li, L., Liang, T., Zhang, Y., Ma, C., & Baoshan, X. (2018). Multivariate geostatistical analysis and source identification of heavy metals in the sediment of Poyang Lake in China. Science of the Total Environment. 621, 1433-1444. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.085
- Fan, Z. Wang, W., Tang, C., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, S., & Zheng, F. (2019). Targeting remediation dredging by ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment: a case study of Shitang Lake, China. Sustainability, 11, 1-10. doi:10.3390/su11247251
- Fathollahzadeh, H., Kaczala, F., Bhatnagar, A., & Hogland W. (2015). Significance of environmental dredging on metal mobility from contaminated sediments in the Oskarshamn Harbor, Sweden. Chemosphere. 119, 445-451. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.008
- Hu, Y., Liu, X., Bai, J., Shih, K., Zeng, EY., & Cheng, H. 2013. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(9): 6150-6159. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1668-z
- Jiang, X., Shi, Z. F. Li, F., Chen, C.X., Jin, X.C. (2010). Effects of dredging on speciation and bio-toxicity of heavy metals in the surface sediments in Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake. J. Environ. Sci. 23 (9), 1151- 1157.
- Kolassa, J. E. (2020). An introduction to nonparametric statics. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
- Küçükosmanoğlu, A. G., & Filazi, A. (2020). Investigation of the metal pollution sources in Lake Mogan, Ankara, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 198, 269–282. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02031-z
- Li, F. Huang, J., Zeng, G., Yuan, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Wang, X., Tang, X., & Bai, B. (2013). Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake, Middle China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 132, 75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.05.007
- MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll C.G., & Berger, T.A. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39, 20–31. doi: 10.1007/s002440010075
- Mamat, Z., Haximu, S., Zhang, Z., & Aji, R.( 2016). An ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of Bosten Lake, Northwest China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 7255–7265. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6280-6
- Manap, N., & Voulvoulis, N. (2015). Environmental management for dredging sediments- The requirement of developing nations. Journal of Environmental Management, 147, 338-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.024
- Olgun, E., & Kocaemre, T.S. (2011). Mogan Gölü Su Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. Tabiat ve İnsan 3(3),10–22.
- Pardo, S. A., & Pardo, M. A. (2018). Statistical methods for fieldand laboratory studies in behavioral ecology. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
- Peng, J., Song,Y., Peng, Y., Cui, X., & Qiu, G. (2009). The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 633–640. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.061
- Peterson, S., A. (2007). Lake restoration by sediment removal. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 18(3), 423-436. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00009.x
- Pulatsü, S., & Topçu, A. (2015). Review of 15 years of research on sediment heavy metal contents and sediment nutrient release in inland aquatic ecosystems, Turkey. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 85-100. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.72007
- Rudnick, RL., & Gao, S. (2014). Composition of the continental crust. In H. D. Holland & K. K. Turekian (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry (pp.1-64). Elseiver. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6ù
- Smal, H., Ligeza, S., Wojcikowska-Kapusta, A., Baran, S., Obroslak, R., & Pawlowski, A., (2015). Spatial distrubution and risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of two small dam reservoirs (South-east Poland). Arch. Environ. Prot. 41(4), 67-80. doi: 10.1515/aep-2015-0041
- Topçu, A., & Kaya, D. (2017). Ecological risk assessment and seasonal-spatial distribution of some trace elements from surface sediment:eutrophic-shallow Mogan Lake, Turkey. International Congress on Chemistry and Materials Science, 5-7. Ankara.
- Van Den Berg, G. A., Meijers, G.A., Van Der Heijdt, L., & Zwolsman, J. G. (2001). Dredging-related mobilisation of trace metals: A case study in the Netherlands. Water Research, 35 (8), 1979–1986. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00452-8
- Wang, X. Y., & Feng, J. (2007). Assessment of the effectiveness of environmental dredging boin South Lake, China. Environ. Manage., 40, 314–322. doi: 10.1007/s00267-006-0132-y
- Yavuz, H., & Filazi, A. (1995). Ankara Mogan Gölü’nden sağlanan su, çökelti ve balık örneklerinde ağır metal düzeyleri. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 66, 1–7.
Mogan Gölü’nde (Ankara, Türkiye) Sediment Tarama Uygulamalarının Sedimentteki Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
Bir göl yönetim uygulaması olan sediment taraması (uzaklaştırımı), Mogan Gölü’nün rekreaktif değerinin artırılması amacıyla zaman zaman gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sediment tarama faaliyetinden sonra; a) sedimentteki bazı ağır metal (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu ve Zn) konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve sediment kalite kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmesi b) göl sedimentindeki ağır metallerin potansiyel kaynaklarının bazı çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler kullanarak tanımlanması c) güncel veriler bağlamında sediment taramasının etkinliğine ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır. Gölde litoral bölgede; özellikle maden işleme tesisleri ile evsel kaynaklı atık suların (I. istasyon) ve evsel atık sular ile tarımsal faaliyet kaynaklı atık suların ulaştığı alanda (II. istasyon) seçilen iki istasyondan 2020 yılının Mayıs ve Kasım aylarında alınan yüzey sediment örneklerinde saptanan bulgulara göre, sedimentteki ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının dizilimi Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg şeklinde bulunmuştur. Cr, Ni ve As, ay-istasyonlara göre olası etki değerini (PEL) aşmış olup, göl sedimenti Cr, Ni, Cu ve As açısından çok kirli sınıfa girmektedir. Spearman korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, Cu-Cd, Zn-Pb ve As-Cd, benzer antropojenik kaynaklar ile göle ulaşmaktadır. Temel bileşen analizi ile belirlenen 3 temel bileşen de bu sonucu desteklemekte, farklı antropojenik kaynaklardan köken alan ağır metallerdeki farklılıklar, göldeki ağır metal birikimine ilişkin çevresel baskının çeşitliliğini ve baskısını yansıtmaktadır. Bulgular ışığında, gölde gerçekleştirilen sedimentin uzaklaştırılması faaliyetini, etkin bir girişim olarak değerlendirmek olası gözükmemektedir. Göl havzasındaki farklı antropojenik kirleticiler devam ettikçe, gölün sürdürülebilir kullanımı açısından göl sedimenti ağır metaller açısından rutin olarak izlenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sediment tarama, Sediment kalitesi ağır metal, temel bileşen analizi, Mogan Gölü
Destekleyen Kurum
Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü
Proje Numarası
19L0447010
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Arzu Binici’nin “Mogan Gölü’nde (Ankara) Dip Tarama Uygulamaları Sonrası Sedimentin Kirlilik Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi” isimli doktora tezinden üretilmiş ve tez Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (19L0447010) tarafından desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Anonim (2013). Mogan’ı kirletmenin bedeli ağır oldu. Erişim tarihi: 23.08.2019, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/mogan-i-kirletmenin-bedeli-agir-oldu-22951119.
- Anonim (2016). Göller ve sulak alanlar eylem planı, 2016-2018. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Baralkiewicz, D., Gramowska, H., Kanecka, A. Krzyzaniak, I., & Goldyn, R. (2008). Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in the water of Swarzędzkie Lake (Poland). Environ Monit Assess., 143, 327–336. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9935-4
- Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzal, N., Gül, A., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12, (1), 45-55.
- Chen, M., Ding, S., Gao, S., Fu, Z., Tang, W., Wu, Y., Gong, M., Wang, D., & Wang, Y. (2019). Efficacy of dredging engineering as a means to remove heavy metals from lake sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 665, 181–190. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.057
- Dai, L., Wang, L., Li, L., Liang, T., Zhang, Y., Ma, C., & Baoshan, X. (2018). Multivariate geostatistical analysis and source identification of heavy metals in the sediment of Poyang Lake in China. Science of the Total Environment. 621, 1433-1444. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.085
- Fan, Z. Wang, W., Tang, C., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, S., & Zheng, F. (2019). Targeting remediation dredging by ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment: a case study of Shitang Lake, China. Sustainability, 11, 1-10. doi:10.3390/su11247251
- Fathollahzadeh, H., Kaczala, F., Bhatnagar, A., & Hogland W. (2015). Significance of environmental dredging on metal mobility from contaminated sediments in the Oskarshamn Harbor, Sweden. Chemosphere. 119, 445-451. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.008
- Hu, Y., Liu, X., Bai, J., Shih, K., Zeng, EY., & Cheng, H. 2013. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(9): 6150-6159. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1668-z
- Jiang, X., Shi, Z. F. Li, F., Chen, C.X., Jin, X.C. (2010). Effects of dredging on speciation and bio-toxicity of heavy metals in the surface sediments in Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake. J. Environ. Sci. 23 (9), 1151- 1157.
- Kolassa, J. E. (2020). An introduction to nonparametric statics. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
- Küçükosmanoğlu, A. G., & Filazi, A. (2020). Investigation of the metal pollution sources in Lake Mogan, Ankara, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 198, 269–282. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02031-z
- Li, F. Huang, J., Zeng, G., Yuan, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Wang, X., Tang, X., & Bai, B. (2013). Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake, Middle China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 132, 75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.05.007
- MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll C.G., & Berger, T.A. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39, 20–31. doi: 10.1007/s002440010075
- Mamat, Z., Haximu, S., Zhang, Z., & Aji, R.( 2016). An ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of Bosten Lake, Northwest China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 7255–7265. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6280-6
- Manap, N., & Voulvoulis, N. (2015). Environmental management for dredging sediments- The requirement of developing nations. Journal of Environmental Management, 147, 338-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.024
- Olgun, E., & Kocaemre, T.S. (2011). Mogan Gölü Su Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. Tabiat ve İnsan 3(3),10–22.
- Pardo, S. A., & Pardo, M. A. (2018). Statistical methods for fieldand laboratory studies in behavioral ecology. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
- Peng, J., Song,Y., Peng, Y., Cui, X., & Qiu, G. (2009). The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 633–640. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.061
- Peterson, S., A. (2007). Lake restoration by sediment removal. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 18(3), 423-436. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00009.x
- Pulatsü, S., & Topçu, A. (2015). Review of 15 years of research on sediment heavy metal contents and sediment nutrient release in inland aquatic ecosystems, Turkey. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 85-100. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.72007
- Rudnick, RL., & Gao, S. (2014). Composition of the continental crust. In H. D. Holland & K. K. Turekian (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry (pp.1-64). Elseiver. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6ù
- Smal, H., Ligeza, S., Wojcikowska-Kapusta, A., Baran, S., Obroslak, R., & Pawlowski, A., (2015). Spatial distrubution and risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of two small dam reservoirs (South-east Poland). Arch. Environ. Prot. 41(4), 67-80. doi: 10.1515/aep-2015-0041
- Topçu, A., & Kaya, D. (2017). Ecological risk assessment and seasonal-spatial distribution of some trace elements from surface sediment:eutrophic-shallow Mogan Lake, Turkey. International Congress on Chemistry and Materials Science, 5-7. Ankara.
- Van Den Berg, G. A., Meijers, G.A., Van Der Heijdt, L., & Zwolsman, J. G. (2001). Dredging-related mobilisation of trace metals: A case study in the Netherlands. Water Research, 35 (8), 1979–1986. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00452-8
- Wang, X. Y., & Feng, J. (2007). Assessment of the effectiveness of environmental dredging boin South Lake, China. Environ. Manage., 40, 314–322. doi: 10.1007/s00267-006-0132-y
- Yavuz, H., & Filazi, A. (1995). Ankara Mogan Gölü’nden sağlanan su, çökelti ve balık örneklerinde ağır metal düzeyleri. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 66, 1–7.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ekoloji, Limnoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 19L0447010 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
