Derleme
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 2999 - 3009, 15.12.2020
Öz
Causes such as increasing population, depleted natural resources, global climate change shows that the current consumption level of the world is no longer sustainable. The bioeconomy; It covers all kinds of industry and economic sectors that produce, manage and emit biological resources (agriculture, food, forest, fisheries and other bio-based industries). The agriculture-based bioeconomy of today's world can be considered as a new paradigm for sustainable development. With this study, the emergence of the bioeconomy concept, prominent bioeconomic policies in the world and developments in this area in Turkey, are aimed to be evaluated from the agricultural point of view. According to the FAO report, to meet people’s nutritional needs adequately, it is emphasized that in 2050 the need for food will increase by %70, the global water requirement will increase by 55%, and 40% of the world population will experience water problems. Since all developed countries are aware of this danger, they produce bioeconomic based policies and development strategies. More than forty countries in the world have determined their bioeconomic strategy. There are some steps taken in this regard in Turkey. For example, a road map has been determined within the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. However, there is no bioeconomic strategy yet. Turkey also needs to determine the bioeconomy strategy and must adapt to this paradigm shift in the world.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arslanhan Memiş S, Aslankut B, 2013. Biyoteknoloji Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi - Kavramlar Dünyadan Örnekler Türkiye’de Durum ve Çıkarımlar. Bölüm 1, Kısım 3: Biyoekonomi, Editör: Mahmut KİPER, TTGV, Ankara, 2013.
- Arslanhan S, 2012. Biyoekonomiye Doğru: Türkiye Bu Sürecin Neresinde?. TEPAV Politika Notu. http://www. tepav. org. tr.
- Bayramoğlu Z, Ağızhan K, Tekin M, 2018. Türkiye’de Biyoekonomi Girişimciliğinin Tarımdaki Önemi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(Özel Sayı): 227-236, 2018.
- Begley C, 2012. "The Emerging Bio Based Economy and Reflections on the Journey of Commercialisation from Technical Concept to Launched Products", CSJRO, http://www.bioenergy.org.nz/documents/Workshops/7June20l2/The-global-evolution ofthebioeconomy_CameronBegley_ CSIRO.pdf
- BIOTECH GATE, 2019. BIOTECH GATE Global Database. Erişim adresi: www.biotechgate.com
- CREPE, 2011. Cooperative Research on Environmental Problems in Europe, "Agricultural Innovation: Sustaining What Agriculture? For What European Bio-Economy? Project-wide final report", FP7 Science in Society Programme, February.
- CSIRO, 2011. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, "The bioeconomy", 1 July, http://www.csiro.au/ OrganisationStructure/ Divisions/ Ecosystem-Sciences/The Bioeconomy.aspx
- Demir A, 2009. Ekonomik açıdan biyolojik çeşitliliğin önemi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Yıl:8 Sayı:15 Bahar 2009/1 s.55-68.
- Deng X, 2010. Development of the Concept 'Bioeconomy. http://www. bioeconomy.cn/data/2010/1210/article_295. html
- Duffy M, 2012. How The Bioeconomy Could Change Land Ownership and Values. Iowa State University,http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/duffy/documents/HowBioenergyChangeLand.pdf
- EC, 2004. European Commission Directorate-General for Research, Plan Genomics and Biotechnology far sustainable and competitive agriculture, Luxembourg: the European Communities, 2004 http:// europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index_en.html
- Erdem E H, 2004. Biyolojik Çeşitliliğin Ekonomik Değerinin Belirlenmesi; Yabani Orkide Örneği, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
- European Commission, 2012. Innovating for sustainable growth: a bioeconomy for Europe.
- Gustafsson M, Stoor R, Tsvetkova A, 2011. Sustainable Bio-economy: Potential, Challenges and Opportunities in Finland", PBI Research lnstitute, March, www.sitra.fı/maamerkit
- Hall T, 2012. Food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime resources & the bioeconomy. Head of Unit European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020, http://operaresearch.eu/files/repository/ 20120329134403_ TimothyHall. pdf
- Herudle C, Anex R, Brown R, Cruse R, Fales S, Takle G, 2012. Defıning a Future Bioeconomy for the Nation: Bio-Renewable Resources and Complex Systems. www.agron.iastate.edu/.../White%20pap%2.
- Iglesias M, 2005. Rural developrnent in a Knowledge-based bioeconorny. Directorate Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food European Cornrnission - DG Research Rural, Brussels, Novernber. http://www.slidefinder.net/k/knowledge_based_bio_econorny_k bbe/33081721
- Johnson L, 2010. The Bioeconomy-A Revolution in American Agriculture. Iowa State University Center for Crops Utilization Research, http://www.ksla.se/wpcontent/uploads/2012/0!!The-Bioeconomy-Revolution-in-American-Agricul ture.pdf
- Kalaycı İ, 2012. 2023 Perspektifinde Türkiye ekonomisinde öncü sektörler: Türkiye tarım sektöründe yapısal dönüşüm politikaları (1923-2023): sürdürülebilir tarımsal biyoekonomi ekseninde uygulanabilir öneriler, İktisadî Araştırmalar Vakfı, 1.Baskı.
- Kilci M, 2019. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Biyoekonomi Politikaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Biyoekonomi Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Programı Seminer Notu (Yayınlanmamış), 20 Ocak 2019.
- Kilit G, 2014. AB Biyoekonomi Stratejisi. İKV Yayını, Şubat, 2014. https://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/AB%20Biyoekonomi%20Stratejisi.pdf
- Kumar P, 2004. Valuation of Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical Uses. Current Science, 86 (7); 930-937.
- Leach M, Bloom G, Ely A, 2007. Understanding Governance: pathways to sustainability. STEPS Working Paper, No: 2, Brighton: STEPS Centre.
- Mathews J A, 2009. From the petroeconomy to the bioeconomy: Integrating bioenergy production with agricultural demands. BJS, Vol 3/6, Nov-Dec, http://www.bjs.eo.uk/ details/article/679697/From-the-petroeconomy-to-the bioeconomy-Integrating-bioenergy-production-with-ag.html
- McDonald I, 2010. Agricultural/Forestry Opportunities in the Bioeconoıny with Bioınass Applied Research Coordinator, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, food and Rural Affairs, http://www.indianag.on.ca/5.Ian%20 McDonald,%200MAF RA%20Agricultural Forestry%200pportunities%20.pdf
- Mendel Biotechnology, 2009. Opportunities in the New Bioeconomy, http://www.mendelbio.com/bioenergy/opportunities_in_the_ne w_bioeconomy.pdf
- OECD, 2009. The bioeconomy to 2030. Designing a policy agenda. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, http://biotech2030.ru/ wpcontent/uploads/docs/int/The%20Bioeconomy% 20to%202030_OECD.pdf.
- Pearce D, Puroshothaman S, 1993. Protecting Biological Diversity:The Economic Value of Pharmaceutical Plants. UK, Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment University Collage London and University of East Anglia.
- Redclift M, 1999. Pathways to sustainability: issues, policies and theories in Environmental politics, M.Waller and S.Young (Eds.), London and New York: Routledge, 66-77.
- Schmidt O, Padel S, Levidow L, 2012. The Bio-Economy Concept and Knowledge Base in a Public Goods and Farmer Perspective, Bio-based applied economics, 1 (1), 47-63.
- Simpson R D, Sedjo A R, Reid W J, 1996. Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol 104 (1);163-185.
- Sheppard AW, Gillespie I, Hirsch M, Begley C, 2011. Biosecurity and sustainability within the growing global bioeconomy, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3 (1-2): 4-10.
- Smolker R, 2008. The New Bioeconomy and the Future of Agriculture. Dialogue: Development, 51, Dec., pp.519-526, https://secure.palgrave-journals.conı/ development/ .../dev 200867a.htm
- TOB, 2012. Biyolojik Çeşitliliği İzleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2012.
- UN, 2011. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics, http://www.un.org
- Verschoor A, Magnuson P, Jeenah M, 2011. Role of agricultural research in building a bioeconomy: An economic perspective, 6-9 September, http://www. abic.ca/abic201l_Final/images/stories/2laart jan_verschoor.pdf
- Yılmaz S, 2013. Biyoekonomi Çalıştayı Sonuç Raporu. 20 Haziran 2013 Ankara.
- White House, 2012. National Bioeconomy Blueprint. Executive Summary, Nisan 2012, Washington, DC.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 2999 - 3009, 15.12.2020
Öz
Artan nüfus, tükenen doğal kaynaklar, küresel iklim değişikliği gibi nedenler, dünyanın mevcut tüketim düzeyinin artık sürdürülebilir olmadığını göstermektedir. Biyoekonomi; biyolojik kaynakları (tarım, gıda, ormancılık, balıkçılık, diğer biyo-temelli endüstriler) üreten, yöneten ve yayan her türlü endüstri ve ekonomik sektörü kapsamaktadır. Günümüz dünyasının tarım eksenli biyoekonomisi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma için yeni bir paradigma olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışma ile biyoekonomi kavramının ortaya çıkışı, dünyada öne çıkan biyoekonomi politikaları ve Türkiye’de bu alandaki gelişmelerin tarımsal açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü’nün raporuna göre, 2050 yılında insanların besin ihtiyacının yeteri kadar karşılanması için gıda gereksiniminin %70 artacağı, küresel su gereksiniminin %55 artacağı, dünya nüfusunun %40’ının su sorunu yaşayacağı vurgulanmaktadır. Tüm gelişmiş ülkeler bu tehlikenin farkında oldukları için biyoekonomi temelli politikalar ve kalkınma stratejileri üretmektedirler. Dünyada kırktan fazla ülke biyoekonomi stratejisini belirlemiştir. Türkiye’de de bu konuda atılan bazı adımlar vardır. Örneğin Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü bünyesinde bir yol haritası belirlenmiştir. Ancak henüz bir biyoekonomi stratejisi yoktur. Türkiye’nin de en kısa zamanda biyoekonomi stratejisini belirlemesi ve dünyadaki bu paradigma değişimine ayak uydurması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arslanhan Memiş S, Aslankut B, 2013. Biyoteknoloji Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi - Kavramlar Dünyadan Örnekler Türkiye’de Durum ve Çıkarımlar. Bölüm 1, Kısım 3: Biyoekonomi, Editör: Mahmut KİPER, TTGV, Ankara, 2013.
- Arslanhan S, 2012. Biyoekonomiye Doğru: Türkiye Bu Sürecin Neresinde?. TEPAV Politika Notu. http://www. tepav. org. tr.
- Bayramoğlu Z, Ağızhan K, Tekin M, 2018. Türkiye’de Biyoekonomi Girişimciliğinin Tarımdaki Önemi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(Özel Sayı): 227-236, 2018.
- Begley C, 2012. "The Emerging Bio Based Economy and Reflections on the Journey of Commercialisation from Technical Concept to Launched Products", CSJRO, http://www.bioenergy.org.nz/documents/Workshops/7June20l2/The-global-evolution ofthebioeconomy_CameronBegley_ CSIRO.pdf
- BIOTECH GATE, 2019. BIOTECH GATE Global Database. Erişim adresi: www.biotechgate.com
- CREPE, 2011. Cooperative Research on Environmental Problems in Europe, "Agricultural Innovation: Sustaining What Agriculture? For What European Bio-Economy? Project-wide final report", FP7 Science in Society Programme, February.
- CSIRO, 2011. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, "The bioeconomy", 1 July, http://www.csiro.au/ OrganisationStructure/ Divisions/ Ecosystem-Sciences/The Bioeconomy.aspx
- Demir A, 2009. Ekonomik açıdan biyolojik çeşitliliğin önemi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Yıl:8 Sayı:15 Bahar 2009/1 s.55-68.
- Deng X, 2010. Development of the Concept 'Bioeconomy. http://www. bioeconomy.cn/data/2010/1210/article_295. html
- Duffy M, 2012. How The Bioeconomy Could Change Land Ownership and Values. Iowa State University,http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/duffy/documents/HowBioenergyChangeLand.pdf
- EC, 2004. European Commission Directorate-General for Research, Plan Genomics and Biotechnology far sustainable and competitive agriculture, Luxembourg: the European Communities, 2004 http:// europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index_en.html
- Erdem E H, 2004. Biyolojik Çeşitliliğin Ekonomik Değerinin Belirlenmesi; Yabani Orkide Örneği, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
- European Commission, 2012. Innovating for sustainable growth: a bioeconomy for Europe.
- Gustafsson M, Stoor R, Tsvetkova A, 2011. Sustainable Bio-economy: Potential, Challenges and Opportunities in Finland", PBI Research lnstitute, March, www.sitra.fı/maamerkit
- Hall T, 2012. Food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime resources & the bioeconomy. Head of Unit European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020, http://operaresearch.eu/files/repository/ 20120329134403_ TimothyHall. pdf
- Herudle C, Anex R, Brown R, Cruse R, Fales S, Takle G, 2012. Defıning a Future Bioeconomy for the Nation: Bio-Renewable Resources and Complex Systems. www.agron.iastate.edu/.../White%20pap%2.
- Iglesias M, 2005. Rural developrnent in a Knowledge-based bioeconorny. Directorate Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food European Cornrnission - DG Research Rural, Brussels, Novernber. http://www.slidefinder.net/k/knowledge_based_bio_econorny_k bbe/33081721
- Johnson L, 2010. The Bioeconomy-A Revolution in American Agriculture. Iowa State University Center for Crops Utilization Research, http://www.ksla.se/wpcontent/uploads/2012/0!!The-Bioeconomy-Revolution-in-American-Agricul ture.pdf
- Kalaycı İ, 2012. 2023 Perspektifinde Türkiye ekonomisinde öncü sektörler: Türkiye tarım sektöründe yapısal dönüşüm politikaları (1923-2023): sürdürülebilir tarımsal biyoekonomi ekseninde uygulanabilir öneriler, İktisadî Araştırmalar Vakfı, 1.Baskı.
- Kilci M, 2019. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Biyoekonomi Politikaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Biyoekonomi Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Programı Seminer Notu (Yayınlanmamış), 20 Ocak 2019.
- Kilit G, 2014. AB Biyoekonomi Stratejisi. İKV Yayını, Şubat, 2014. https://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/AB%20Biyoekonomi%20Stratejisi.pdf
- Kumar P, 2004. Valuation of Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical Uses. Current Science, 86 (7); 930-937.
- Leach M, Bloom G, Ely A, 2007. Understanding Governance: pathways to sustainability. STEPS Working Paper, No: 2, Brighton: STEPS Centre.
- Mathews J A, 2009. From the petroeconomy to the bioeconomy: Integrating bioenergy production with agricultural demands. BJS, Vol 3/6, Nov-Dec, http://www.bjs.eo.uk/ details/article/679697/From-the-petroeconomy-to-the bioeconomy-Integrating-bioenergy-production-with-ag.html
- McDonald I, 2010. Agricultural/Forestry Opportunities in the Bioeconoıny with Bioınass Applied Research Coordinator, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, food and Rural Affairs, http://www.indianag.on.ca/5.Ian%20 McDonald,%200MAF RA%20Agricultural Forestry%200pportunities%20.pdf
- Mendel Biotechnology, 2009. Opportunities in the New Bioeconomy, http://www.mendelbio.com/bioenergy/opportunities_in_the_ne w_bioeconomy.pdf
- OECD, 2009. The bioeconomy to 2030. Designing a policy agenda. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, http://biotech2030.ru/ wpcontent/uploads/docs/int/The%20Bioeconomy% 20to%202030_OECD.pdf.
- Pearce D, Puroshothaman S, 1993. Protecting Biological Diversity:The Economic Value of Pharmaceutical Plants. UK, Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment University Collage London and University of East Anglia.
- Redclift M, 1999. Pathways to sustainability: issues, policies and theories in Environmental politics, M.Waller and S.Young (Eds.), London and New York: Routledge, 66-77.
- Schmidt O, Padel S, Levidow L, 2012. The Bio-Economy Concept and Knowledge Base in a Public Goods and Farmer Perspective, Bio-based applied economics, 1 (1), 47-63.
- Simpson R D, Sedjo A R, Reid W J, 1996. Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol 104 (1);163-185.
- Sheppard AW, Gillespie I, Hirsch M, Begley C, 2011. Biosecurity and sustainability within the growing global bioeconomy, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3 (1-2): 4-10.
- Smolker R, 2008. The New Bioeconomy and the Future of Agriculture. Dialogue: Development, 51, Dec., pp.519-526, https://secure.palgrave-journals.conı/ development/ .../dev 200867a.htm
- TOB, 2012. Biyolojik Çeşitliliği İzleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2012.
- UN, 2011. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics, http://www.un.org
- Verschoor A, Magnuson P, Jeenah M, 2011. Role of agricultural research in building a bioeconomy: An economic perspective, 6-9 September, http://www. abic.ca/abic201l_Final/images/stories/2laart jan_verschoor.pdf
- Yılmaz S, 2013. Biyoekonomi Çalıştayı Sonuç Raporu. 20 Haziran 2013 Ankara.
- White House, 2012. National Bioeconomy Blueprint. Executive Summary, Nisan 2012, Washington, DC.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tarım Politikaları |
| Bölüm | Tarım Ekonomisi / Agricultural Economy |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Aralık 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Nisan 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 4 Temmuz 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4 |