Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

PELİN OTU (Artemisia vulgaris L)’ NUN GÖKKUŞAĞI ALABALIKLARINDA (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) HASTALIKLARA KARŞI DİRENÇ VE SPESİFİK OLMAYAN BAĞIŞIKLIK SİSTEMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 01.01.2018

Öz

Bu araştırmada pelin otu (Artemisia vulgaris L)’ nun gökkuşağı
alabalıklarında (
Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) bağışıklık ve Vibrio anguillarum‘ a karşı direnç
sağlayan uygun dozlarının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Pelin otu, ortalama ağırlığı
20,48 ± 0,19--20,81 ±0,04 g olan balıkların yemlerine toz
(%0, %0,1, %0,5, %1, %2) ve etanol ekstraktı (250 ve 1000 mg/kg) olarak ilave
edilmiştir. Bazı hematolojik (hematokrit, eritrosit ve lökosit değerleri) ve
immunolojik (lizozim, fagositik ve NBT aktivite) özellikler incelenmiştir. NBT,
lizozim ve fagositik aktivitenin kontrol grubuna göre arttığı belirlenmiştir
(p<0,05). Gökkuşağı
alabalıkları, 45. günde V. anguillarum ile
deneysel yolla enfekte edilmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarımızda pelin otunun yemlere ilavesi ile balıkların, immun
sistemi ve V. anguillarum’ a karşı
direncinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Pelin otunun balıklarda immunostimulant
olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M.J., Bedoya, L.M., Apaza, L., Bermejo, P. (2012). The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules, 17(3), 2542-2566.
  • Abdel-Tawwab, M., Abdel-Rahman, A.M., Ismael, N.E. (2008). Evaluation of commercial live bakers’ yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a growth and immunity promoter for Fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) challenged in situ with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 280(1), 185-189.
  • Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H., Seden, M.E., Sakr, S. F. (2010). Use of green tea, Camellia sinensis L., in practical diet for growth and protection of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(s2), 203-213.
  • Altun, S. (2001). Yersinia ruckeri Suşlarının Bazı Antijenik ve Fenotipik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilimdalı Doktora Tezi, 105s., Isparta.
  • Anderson, D.P. (1992). Immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers in fish: applications to aquaculture. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2, 281-307.
  • Ardó, L., Yin, G., Xu, P., Váradi, L., Szigeti, G., Jeney, Z., Jeney, G. (2008). Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 275(1), 26-33.
  • Awad, E., & Austin, B. (2010). Use of lupin, Lupinus perennis, mango, Mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, Urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases, 33(5), 413-420.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiye’ de Bitkiler İle Tedavi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, s: 353, İstanbul.
  • Baytop, A. (1998). İngilizce-Türkçe Botanik Klavuzu. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, ISBN: 9754044821, 9789754044829.
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M. (2010). Effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(8), 1275-1279.
  • Bilen, S., Yılmaz, S., Bilen, A. M. (2013). Influence of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) extract against Vibrio anguillarum infection in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio with reference to haematological and immunological changes. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(3), 517-522.
  • Brisibe, E.A., Umoren, U.E., Brisibe, F., Magalhäes, P.M., Ferreira, J.F., Luthria, D., Wu, X., Prior, R.L. (2009). Nutritional characterisation and antioxidant capacity of different tissues of Artemisia annua L. Food Chemistry, 115(4), 1240-1246.
  • Citarasu, T. (2010). Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International, 18(3), 403-414.
  • Çağırgan, H. (2004). Levrek Yavrularında (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) Vibriozise Karşı Aşı Geliştirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 21, 271-274.
  • Davis, P.H. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol V., Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8-312. Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, A. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. on Protection Against Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). 7th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, August 31- September 4, Portland, Oregon USA.
  • Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, I., Metin, S. (2016). Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth, lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(4), 844-851.
  • Dorucu, M., Colak, S.O., Ispir, U., Altinterim, B., Celayir, Y. (2009). The effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, on the immune response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2(1), 27-33.
  • Dülger, B., Ceylan, M., Alitsaous, M., Uğurlu, E. (1999). Artemisia absinthium L.(Pelin)’ un antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Turkish Journal of Biology, 23(3), 377-384.
  • Ekici, S. (2010). Gökkuşağı Alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vibriosis’ e Karşı Aşı Uygulanmasının Bağışıklık Sistemine Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği ABD. Doktora Tezi. Isparta.
  • Ellis, A.E. (1990). Lysozyme assays. Techniques in Fish Immunology, 1, 101-103.
  • Ellis, A.E. (1999). Immunity to bacteria in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 9(4), 291-308.
  • Galina, J., Yin, G., Ardo, L., Jeney, Z. (2009). The use of immunostimulating herbs in fish. An overview of research. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 35(4), 669-676. Goda, A. (2008). Effect of dietary Ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(2), 205-214.
  • Gorbach, S. L. (2001). Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop. N. Engl. J. Med., 345, 1202-1203.
  • Hermann, J.R., Honeyman, M.S., Zimmerman, J.J., Thacker, B.J., Holden, P.J., Chang, C.C. (2003). Effect of dietary on viremia and performance in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 81(9), 2139-2144.
  • Hoffmann, R., & Lommel, R. (1984). Effects of repeated blood sampling on some blood parameters in freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 24(3), 245-251.
  • Irianto, A., Austin, B. (2002). Probiotics in aquaculture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25(11), 633-642.
  • Kesarcodi-Watson, A., Kaspar, H., Lategan, M.J., Gibson, L. (2008). Probiotics in aquaculture: the need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture, 274(1), 1-14.
  • Keser, O., Bilal, T. (2008). Beta-glukanın hayvan beslemede bağışıklık sistemi ve performans üzerine etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 107-119.
  • Kocabatmaz, M., Ekingen, G. (1982). Değişik tür balıklarda kan örneği alınması ve hematolojik metotların standardizasyonu. Veteriner ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Grubu, Proje No: VHAG-557, 72s.
  • Lin, Z. B., & Zhang, H. N. (2004). Anti-tumor and immunoregulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum and its possible mechanisms. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 25, 1387-1395.
  • Ndong, D., Fall, J. (2011). The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus). Journal of Clinical Immnunology and Immunopathology Research, 3(1), 1-9.
  • Pratheepa, V., Sukumaran, N. (2014). Effect of Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Cyprinus carpio. PeerJ Journal, 2, e671.
  • Sahu, S., Das, B.K., Mishra, B.K., Pradhan, J., Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(1), 80-86.
  • Santos, Y., Bandin, I., Nunez, S., Gravningen, K., Toranzo, A. E. (1991). Protection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), against vibriosis using two different vaccines. Journal of Fish Diseases, 14(3), 407-411.
  • Seçmen, Ö., Gemici, Y., Görk, G., Bekat, L., Leblebici, E. (2004). Tohumlu Bitkiler Sistematiği. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir, s: 299. ISBN: 9754830282.
  • Seeley, K.R., Gillespie, P.D., Weeks, B.A. (1990). A simple technique for the rapid spectrophotometric determination of phagocytosis by fish macrophages. Marine Environmental Research, 30(1), 37-41.
  • Tanyer, G. (1985). Hematoloji ve Laboratuvarı. Ders Kitabı. Ankara Ayyıldız A.Ş.. 442s.
  • Terzioğlu, S. (2012). Bazı tıbbi bitki türlerinin gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) spesifik olmayan bağışıklık sistemi ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkisi. SDU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Diler, Ö. (2016). Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), meyan kökü (Glycyrrhize glabra L.), yaban mersini (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) ve ekinezyanın (Echinacea angustifolia Hell) gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spesifik olmayan bağışıklığa ve Vibrio anguillarum enfeksiyonuna etkisi. Süleyman demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 110-118.
  • Teuber, M. (2001). Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 4(5), 493-499.
  • Treves-Brown, K.M. (2000). Applied fish pharmacology, Aquacultures series 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 309pp.
  • Uluköy, G., Baba, E., Mammadov, R. (2009). Çipura Balığına (Sparus aurata L. 1758) Uygulanan Geofit Bitki Ekstraktlarının (Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., Urginea maritima (L.) Baker) Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. 15. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu Bildiri Özetleri, Rize Üniversitesi. 01-04 Temmuz 2009, Rize.
  • Xiang, X., Zhou, X.H. (2000). Application effect of Chinese herb medicine to aquatic animal feeds. Cereal Feed Index, 3, 27-29.

EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 01.01.2018

Öz

The present study was aimed at determining the effects
of wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris L) on
the immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Wormwood was incorporated
into the diets as powder (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) and ethanol extracts 250 and
1000 mg kg-1 of rainbow trout O.
mykiss
(20.48 ± 0.19--20.81 ±0.04 g). Some haematological
(WBC, RBC, level) and immunological (NBTassay, lysozyme and phagocytic
activity) parameters were determined in fish blood. In NBTassay, lysozyme and
phagocytic activity were enhanced in wormwood treated groups compared with the
control group
(p<0.05). After 45 days,  fish were
challenged with V. anguillarum and
mortality (%) was recorded up to day 10 post-challenge. The best survival
(100%) was in the 1%  and 2% wormwood diet groups. These results indicate
that wormwood supplementation significantly increased the immunity and makes O. mykiss more resistant to infection by
V. anguillarum. It could be concluded
that wormwood could be used as immunostimulant for rainbow trout.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M.J., Bedoya, L.M., Apaza, L., Bermejo, P. (2012). The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules, 17(3), 2542-2566.
  • Abdel-Tawwab, M., Abdel-Rahman, A.M., Ismael, N.E. (2008). Evaluation of commercial live bakers’ yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a growth and immunity promoter for Fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) challenged in situ with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 280(1), 185-189.
  • Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H., Seden, M.E., Sakr, S. F. (2010). Use of green tea, Camellia sinensis L., in practical diet for growth and protection of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(s2), 203-213.
  • Altun, S. (2001). Yersinia ruckeri Suşlarının Bazı Antijenik ve Fenotipik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilimdalı Doktora Tezi, 105s., Isparta.
  • Anderson, D.P. (1992). Immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers in fish: applications to aquaculture. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2, 281-307.
  • Ardó, L., Yin, G., Xu, P., Váradi, L., Szigeti, G., Jeney, Z., Jeney, G. (2008). Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 275(1), 26-33.
  • Awad, E., & Austin, B. (2010). Use of lupin, Lupinus perennis, mango, Mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, Urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases, 33(5), 413-420.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiye’ de Bitkiler İle Tedavi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, s: 353, İstanbul.
  • Baytop, A. (1998). İngilizce-Türkçe Botanik Klavuzu. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, ISBN: 9754044821, 9789754044829.
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M. (2010). Effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(8), 1275-1279.
  • Bilen, S., Yılmaz, S., Bilen, A. M. (2013). Influence of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) extract against Vibrio anguillarum infection in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio with reference to haematological and immunological changes. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(3), 517-522.
  • Brisibe, E.A., Umoren, U.E., Brisibe, F., Magalhäes, P.M., Ferreira, J.F., Luthria, D., Wu, X., Prior, R.L. (2009). Nutritional characterisation and antioxidant capacity of different tissues of Artemisia annua L. Food Chemistry, 115(4), 1240-1246.
  • Citarasu, T. (2010). Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International, 18(3), 403-414.
  • Çağırgan, H. (2004). Levrek Yavrularında (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) Vibriozise Karşı Aşı Geliştirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 21, 271-274.
  • Davis, P.H. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol V., Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8-312. Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, A. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. on Protection Against Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). 7th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, August 31- September 4, Portland, Oregon USA.
  • Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, I., Metin, S. (2016). Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth, lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(4), 844-851.
  • Dorucu, M., Colak, S.O., Ispir, U., Altinterim, B., Celayir, Y. (2009). The effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, on the immune response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal, 2(1), 27-33.
  • Dülger, B., Ceylan, M., Alitsaous, M., Uğurlu, E. (1999). Artemisia absinthium L.(Pelin)’ un antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Turkish Journal of Biology, 23(3), 377-384.
  • Ekici, S. (2010). Gökkuşağı Alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vibriosis’ e Karşı Aşı Uygulanmasının Bağışıklık Sistemine Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği ABD. Doktora Tezi. Isparta.
  • Ellis, A.E. (1990). Lysozyme assays. Techniques in Fish Immunology, 1, 101-103.
  • Ellis, A.E. (1999). Immunity to bacteria in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 9(4), 291-308.
  • Galina, J., Yin, G., Ardo, L., Jeney, Z. (2009). The use of immunostimulating herbs in fish. An overview of research. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 35(4), 669-676. Goda, A. (2008). Effect of dietary Ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(2), 205-214.
  • Gorbach, S. L. (2001). Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop. N. Engl. J. Med., 345, 1202-1203.
  • Hermann, J.R., Honeyman, M.S., Zimmerman, J.J., Thacker, B.J., Holden, P.J., Chang, C.C. (2003). Effect of dietary on viremia and performance in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 81(9), 2139-2144.
  • Hoffmann, R., & Lommel, R. (1984). Effects of repeated blood sampling on some blood parameters in freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 24(3), 245-251.
  • Irianto, A., Austin, B. (2002). Probiotics in aquaculture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25(11), 633-642.
  • Kesarcodi-Watson, A., Kaspar, H., Lategan, M.J., Gibson, L. (2008). Probiotics in aquaculture: the need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture, 274(1), 1-14.
  • Keser, O., Bilal, T. (2008). Beta-glukanın hayvan beslemede bağışıklık sistemi ve performans üzerine etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 107-119.
  • Kocabatmaz, M., Ekingen, G. (1982). Değişik tür balıklarda kan örneği alınması ve hematolojik metotların standardizasyonu. Veteriner ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Grubu, Proje No: VHAG-557, 72s.
  • Lin, Z. B., & Zhang, H. N. (2004). Anti-tumor and immunoregulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum and its possible mechanisms. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 25, 1387-1395.
  • Ndong, D., Fall, J. (2011). The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus). Journal of Clinical Immnunology and Immunopathology Research, 3(1), 1-9.
  • Pratheepa, V., Sukumaran, N. (2014). Effect of Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Cyprinus carpio. PeerJ Journal, 2, e671.
  • Sahu, S., Das, B.K., Mishra, B.K., Pradhan, J., Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(1), 80-86.
  • Santos, Y., Bandin, I., Nunez, S., Gravningen, K., Toranzo, A. E. (1991). Protection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), against vibriosis using two different vaccines. Journal of Fish Diseases, 14(3), 407-411.
  • Seçmen, Ö., Gemici, Y., Görk, G., Bekat, L., Leblebici, E. (2004). Tohumlu Bitkiler Sistematiği. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir, s: 299. ISBN: 9754830282.
  • Seeley, K.R., Gillespie, P.D., Weeks, B.A. (1990). A simple technique for the rapid spectrophotometric determination of phagocytosis by fish macrophages. Marine Environmental Research, 30(1), 37-41.
  • Tanyer, G. (1985). Hematoloji ve Laboratuvarı. Ders Kitabı. Ankara Ayyıldız A.Ş.. 442s.
  • Terzioğlu, S. (2012). Bazı tıbbi bitki türlerinin gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) spesifik olmayan bağışıklık sistemi ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkisi. SDU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Diler, Ö. (2016). Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), meyan kökü (Glycyrrhize glabra L.), yaban mersini (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) ve ekinezyanın (Echinacea angustifolia Hell) gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spesifik olmayan bağışıklığa ve Vibrio anguillarum enfeksiyonuna etkisi. Süleyman demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 110-118.
  • Teuber, M. (2001). Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 4(5), 493-499.
  • Treves-Brown, K.M. (2000). Applied fish pharmacology, Aquacultures series 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 309pp.
  • Uluköy, G., Baba, E., Mammadov, R. (2009). Çipura Balığına (Sparus aurata L. 1758) Uygulanan Geofit Bitki Ekstraktlarının (Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., Urginea maritima (L.) Baker) Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. 15. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu Bildiri Özetleri, Rize Üniversitesi. 01-04 Temmuz 2009, Rize.
  • Xiang, X., Zhou, X.H. (2000). Application effect of Chinese herb medicine to aquatic animal feeds. Cereal Feed Index, 3, 27-29.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Hidrobiyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Öznur Diler 0000-0003-0330-3448

Öznur Görmez Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2404-1328

Sedef Terzioğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5435-5494

Aşkın Atabay Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0502-2180

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Diler, Ö., Görmez, Ö., Terzioğlu, S., Atabay, A. (2018). EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 4(1), 1-11.
AMA Diler Ö, Görmez Ö, Terzioğlu S, Atabay A. EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. Ocak 2018;4(1):1-11.
Chicago Diler, Öznur, Öznur Görmez, Sedef Terzioğlu, ve Aşkın Atabay. “EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia Vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum)”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 4, sy. 1 (Ocak 2018): 1-11.
EndNote Diler Ö, Görmez Ö, Terzioğlu S, Atabay A (01 Ocak 2018) EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 4 1 1–11.
IEEE Ö. Diler, Ö. Görmez, S. Terzioğlu, ve A. Atabay, “EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)”, J Aquacult Eng Fish Res, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 1–11, 2018.
ISNAD Diler, Öznur vd. “EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia Vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum)”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 4/1 (Ocak 2018), 1-11.
JAMA Diler Ö, Görmez Ö, Terzioğlu S, Atabay A. EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2018;4:1–11.
MLA Diler, Öznur vd. “EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia Vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum)”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, c. 4, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 1-11.
Vancouver Diler Ö, Görmez Ö, Terzioğlu S, Atabay A. EFFECT OF WORMWOOD (Artemisia vulgaris L) ON RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RAİNBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2018;4(1):1-11.